Accuracy, audio transfer, 71
ACN see Advanced control network Adaptation layer, ATM, 235
Address recognized indicator (ARI), 97
Addresses:
audio interfaces, 131–132, 136–137
Soundweb interface, 162
Administration see. Standards
Administrative clustering, 203, 204
ADSL see Asymmetric digital subscriber line
Advanced control network (ACN), 139, 140
AES see Audio Engineering Society
Alesis digital audio tape (ADAT), 152–156
Amdahl’s law, 43
Anchorage Accord model, 230–231
Application clustering, 204
Arbitration:
token ring, 96
ARI see Address recognized indicator
ARPANET project, 46–47, 50, 105
Arrays, RAID, 33–34, 206, 207, 212, 213, 214
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), 258–263
Asynchronous transactions, 32, 179–180, 182–183
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), 82, 203, 227–237
ATM see Asynchronous transfer mode
Audio:
device class definition, 198–199
Manufacturers’ interfaces, 151–168
timecode/synchronization, 140–149
transfer accuracy, 71
UDP transfer protocol, 106
Audio Engineering Society (AES), 123–125
AES3–1985, 123
AES10–1991 standard multichannel interface, 130–132
AES11–1991, 145
Audio and music data transmission protocol, 184–186
Backbone circuits, 76, 77, 78, 239, 249–250
Balanced audio interfaces, 124–125
Bandwidth, computer networks, 43–44
Basic rate interface (BRI), 244, 245, 247, 251
Beat packets, CobraNet, 158
Bend rating, 89
Binary encoding, 2–5, 18, 24–25
BIOS, 23
Bits, definition, 3
Blue Book (Ethernet specifications), 91
BRI see Basic rate interface Broadband ISDN, 248–249
Broadcast oriented Quality of Service, 67–70
Buffering, Universal Serial Bus, 195
Bus systems:
networks, 45
Bytes, definition, 3
Cabling:
Universal Serial Bus, 192
CAN see Controller area network
CBR see Constant bit-rates
CCITT Recommendation I.120, 246
CDs see Compact discs Central processing unit (CPU), 22, 27
Centralised storage area networks, 206
Cerf, Vinton, 104
Channels, audio interfaces, 15–17, 130
Circuit switching, 47–49, 242, 248
Client-server environments, 37–39
Clock signals:
beat packet, 158
Manchester encoding, 25, 26, 32
MIDI, 17
recovery, 128
Universal Serial Bus, 195
Combined digital signals, 20
Commands, MIDI, 15
Compact discs (CDs), 7
Computer telephone integration (CTI), 189
Concentrators see Hubs
Connection-oriented networks, 48–49
Connectionless networks, 47, 50
Constant bit-rates (CBR), 32
Consumer broadcast Quality of Service, 68–69
Control, 12–17, 56, 91, 132–140, 162, 167
Control and status registers (CSR), 170–171, 172–173
Control voltage (CV), 14
Controller area network (CAN), 27
Cost of service, 72
CPU see Central processing unit CSMA/CD concept, 91, 92
CSR see Control and status registers
CTI see Computer telephone integration
CV see Control voltage
DAB see Digital audio broadcast
DAC see Digital-to-analogue converter
DAS see Dual attach station
DAT see Digital audio tape
Data format, 196, 199–200, 256–257, 259
Data link layer, 56–57, 128–130, 161, 165, 195–197, 252–253
Data streaming, 29
Data structure, USB, 197
DAVIV see Digital Audio Visual Council
DAW see Digital audio workstation
Decentralized storage area networks, 207
Degradation, digital advantages, 18, 20
Demarcation lines, telecom networks, 242
Design, networks, 79–80, 108–111
Device Bay, 170
DHCP see Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Differential Manchester scheme, 25
Digital, definition, 1
Digital audio broadcast (DAB), 6
Digital audio tape (DAT), 6, 51–52, 70
Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC), 260
Digital audio workstation (DAW), 21, 61, 62
Digital signal processor (DSP), 64
Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC), 6
Disk arrays, RAID, 33, 34, 206, 207, 212, 213, 214
Disk space, audio/visual data storage, 208
Distance limitations, 187
Distance vector routing, 115
DSP see Digital signal processor Dual attach station (DAS), 99
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), 108
EBU see European Broadcast Union
Editing, digital signals, 19
Eight-byte words see Hexadecimal numbering
Encoding:
ADSL, 261
audio interfaces, 128
IEEE 1394, 181
Soundweb interface, 161
Enumeration, GMICS interface, 165
EPROM, 23
Error handling:
data link layer, 56
interpolation, 11
ISDN, 258
Soundweb interface, 162
token ring, 97
Universal Serial Bus, 194
Ethernet networks, 36–37, 91–95, 102
European Broadcast Union (EBU), 123–125
Exchanges, FC-2, 223
Extensions, IEEE 1394, 184, 187–188
Fabric configurations, 214
Fairness algorithms, 175
FC see Fibre Channel
FCI see Frame copied indicator
FDDI see Fibre distributed data interchange
FDM see Frequency division multiplexing
arbitrated loop (FC-AL), 212–214, 226–227
asynchronous transfer mode, 227–228
FC-0 physical definitions, 215–218
FC-4 layer, 226
Fibre distributed data interchange (FDDI), 82, 98, 100, 102
File servers, 37
see also. Packets
Firewire, 171
Flow control, Fibre Channel, 223–224
Formats:
ADSL data, 259
presentation layer, 59
Quality of Service, 69
Four-layer model see US Department of Defence, 4–layer model
Frame copied indicator (FCI), 97
Frames:
ADAT interface, 153
GMICS interface, 166
Frequency, 6–7, 34, 35, 153–156, 258
Frequency division multiplexing (FDM), 34, 35, 258
Full-frame messages, 147
General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) see IEEE 488
standard Generic cabling system, 82
Gigabyte, definition, 5
Global musical instrument communication system (GMICS), 163–168
GPIB see IEEE 488 standard
Graphical user interface (GUI), 36
Hexadecimal annotation, 4–5, 107
High resolution, definition, 9
High signal, definition, 25
High speed packets, ISDN, 248
High-availability clustering, 203, 204
HPIB see IEEE 488 standard
HTML see Hypertext mark-up language Hub topology, 45, 75–79
Hunt groups, FC-3 layer, 225
Hypertext mark-up language (HTML), 40
IEEE 802.5 specification, 95
Integrated services digital network (ISDN), 244–257
Interfaces:
MediaLink, 163
Presto, 256
telecom networks, 244, 245, 247, 251
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 123, 125–126
International Telecommunications Union (ITU), 246
Internet, 46–47, 51, 68, 104–114, 257
Internet Protocol (IP), 107–114, 186–187
Internet Service Provider (ISP), 68
Interpolation, sampling, 11
IP see Internet Protocol
ISDN see Integrated services digital network
ISO, 7-layer open systems interconnection reference model, 53–60
ISO/IEC 13213 standard, 170, 172, 173
Isochronous transmission, 32, 158, 176, 180, 184, 196
ITU see International Telecommunications Union
Jamming signals, 93
Kilobyte, definition, 5
LAN see Local area network
Layers, 50–60, 215–219, 221–226
Least significant bit (LSB), 4
Link layer, IEEE 1394, 180–181
Link State routing protocol, 116
LLC see Logical link control sublayer
Local area network (LAN), 26–27, 45–46, 76, 102, 241
Logical link control sub-layer (LLC), 56
Logical networks, 46
Long distance, IEEE 1394, 187
Longitudinal time code (LTC), 143–144
Low signal, definition, 25
Low speed ISDN packets, 248
LSB see Least significant bit LTC see Longitudinal time code
MAC see Media access control
MADI see Multi-channel audio digital interface
MAN see Metropolitan area network
Manchester encoding mechanism, 25, 128
Manufacturers’ interfaces, 151–168
Mappings, FC-4 layer, 226
Master-slave arrangements, 188–201
Media access control (MAC), 56, 91
MediaLink interface, 163
Megabyte, definition, 5
Memory, PCs, 23
Metropolitan area network (MAN), 26–27, 241
MIDI see Musical instrument digital interface
Mobile telephones, 35
Most significant bit (MSB), 4
MPEG Layer III encoding, 255
MSB see Most significant bit
MTC see MIDI time code
Multi-channel audio digital interface (MADI), 130–132
Multiple access unit (MAU), 75, 93, 96, 97
Multiplex digital signals, 20, 34–36, 174–175
Municipal area network see Metropolitan area network
Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI), 12–17, 45, 132–137, 146
National Committee for
Information Technology (NCITS), 209–210
Network layer, 51, 57–58, 253–255
Network numbers see Addresses
Non-return to zero inverted (NRZI), 25, 26, 152
Non-return to zero (NRZ), 25, 26, 152
Note-off MIDI command, 15
Note-on MIDI command, 15
NRZ see Non-return to zero
NRZI see Non-return to zero inverted
NTSC time, 142
O-persistent layer, 157
Object hierarchy, 138
Open fibre control system (OFC), 217
Open shortest path first (OSPF), 115, 116–117
Optical interfaces, audio, 125, 127
Optical networks, SONET, 248
Ordered sets, FC-2 framing protocol, 221–222
OSPF see Open shortest path first
Packets:
ISDN, 248
networks, 17
switching, 46–47, 48, 114–115, 242
telecommunication networks, 242
UDP transfer protocol, 106
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), 36
PAM see Pulse amplitude modulation
PARC see Palo Alto Research Center
PAVO product development company, 171
PCI see Peripheral component interface
PCM see Pulse code modulation
PCR see Plug control register Peak Audio, 156–158
Performance provision, 69–70, 71
Peripheral component interface (PCI), 24
Permanent virtual circuit (PVC), 229–230
Personal computers (PCs), 20–27, 36–40
Physical layer:
asynchronous transfer mode, 232–234
characteristics, 56
CobraNet interface, 157
GMICS interface, 164
Soundweb interface, 160
Physical media, audio, 126–127
Pin assignments, MIDI, 134
Plain old telephone system (POTS), 239, 244, 258, 259
Plug control register (PCR), 185
Point-to-point connections, 49–50, 122, 212, 213
POTS see Plain old telephone system
Presentation layer, 59
Presto data link interface, 256
Primary rate interface (PRI), 244, 245
Private telecommunications networks, 242, 243–244
Process layer, 52
Internet Protocol, 104–114, 186–187
networks, 50, 51, 57, 58, 103–117
upper FC-4 layer, 226
Public telecommunication networks, 242–243
Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), 6, 7
Pulse code modulation (PCM), 5, 6, 8
PVC see Permanent virtual circuit
Quality of Service (QoS), 28, 42, 60–73, 122, 215, 232
Quantization, sampling, 10
Quarter-frame messages, 146–147
RAID disk arrays, 33–34, 206, 207, 212, 213, 214
RAM, 23
RCA phono connectors, 126
Real-time audio, 44
Recording process, 5–6, 28, 64
Red Book (Sony Phillips) CD Audio standard, 7
Redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID), 33–34, 206, 207, 212, 213, 214
Remote control, MIDI data, 12–17
Reservation packet, CobraNet, 159
Ring out (RO), 96
Ring in (RI), 96
Ring topology, 45
RIP see Routing information protocol Routing, 51, 57, 103, 110, 111, 114–117, 121
Routing information protocol (RIP), 115, 116
SAN see Storage area network;
System area network
SAS see Single attach station
Satellite communications, 90, 263–265
Scalability clustering, 204
Scale, 6
Sequences, FC-2
data frames, 222
Serial buses:
Service classes, 224–225, 235–236
Session layer, 59
Seven layer model see ISO, 7–layer open systems interconnection reference model
Single attach station (SAS), 99
SMDS see Switched multimegabit digital service
Society for Motion Picture And Television Engineers (SMPTE), 17, 127, 141–143
SONET see Synchronous optical networks
Standards:
ADAT interface, 152
asynchronous transfer mode, 230–231
audio interfaces, 123–126, 130–132, 137–138
cabling systems, 83
CDs, 7
Ethernet, 91
FDDI, 98
GMICS interface, 164
MIDI, 14
STM see System timing master Storage, PCs, 22–23
Storage area network (SAN), 27, 205–208
Streaming, digital data, 29
Striping, FC-3
layer, 225
Studios, QoS considerations, 61–65
SVC see Switched virtual circuit
Switched multimegabit digital service (SMDS), 249
Switched virtual circuit (SVC), 229–230
Synchronization:
digital audio signals, 18
GMICS interface, 165
MIDI signals, 17
Quality of Service, 69
Soundweb interface, 161
Synchronous optical networks (SONET), 248, 256
Synchronous transmission, 32
Sysex, 15
System area network (SAN), 204–205
System timing master (STM), 165
T-interface, 250
TCP/IP see Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDM see Time division multiplexing Telecommunications networks, 239–266
asymmetrical techniques, 258–263
Terabyte, definition, 5
Time division multiplexing (TDM), 34–35, 174–175
Time-based transmission, 32
Token Passing, 54
Topologies:
asynchronous transfer mode, 231
MIDI communication channels, 15–16
networks, 74–80, 95–98, 101, 102
Soundweb interface, 160
types, 45
Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), 104–114
Transmission words, Fibre Channel, 220–221
Transport Control Protocol (TCP), 50, 58
Twinaxial cable, 85
UDP see User Datagram Protocol
ULP see Upper layer protocol
Universal Serial Bus (USB), 188–201
Unix operating system, 37
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP), 86
Upper layer protocol (ULP), 226
US Department of Defence, 4–layer model, 50–52, 54
USB see Universal Serial Bus
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 106
User oriented Quality of Service, 67–68
UTP see Unshielded twisted pair
V-interface, ISDN, 250
Variable bit rate (VBR), 249
VCI see Virtual channel identifier
Vertical interval time code (VITC), 144–145
VI see Virtual interface Video-on-demand, 263
Videotape recorders, 143
Virtual channel identifier (VCI), 234
Virtual interface (VI), 204
Virtual path connections (VPC), 234
Virtual private network (VPN), 243–244
Virus protection, 34
VITC see Vertical interval time code
VPCsee Virtual path connections
Wide area network (WAN), 26–27, 241
Words, 3, 8–12, 144, 146, 153, 220–221
XLR-3 connectors, 124
Z-lines, ISDN, 250