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Open Source for the Enterprise
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Open Source for the Enterprise
by Gautam Guliani, Dan Woods
Open Source for the Enterprise
Open Source for the Enterprise
Preface
Comments and Questions
Safari Enabled
Acknowledgments
Dedications
1. The Nature of Open Source
The Open Source Debate
Understanding Your Open Source Readiness
Getting It Right
Finding and Evaluating Open Source
The Nature of Open Source
What Is Open Source?
Where Does Open Source Come From?
How Does Open Source Grow?
How Does Open Source Die?
Leadership in the Open Source Life Cycle
Second-Generation Trends in Open Source
The Different Roots of Commercial Software
The Commercial Software Life Cycle
Requirements gathering and the product roadmap
Productization
Maintenance and support
End-of-life
Productization: The Key to Understanding the Challenge of Using Open Source
Comparing the Risks of Commercial and Open Source Software
The Sales Process
Transparency
Flexibility
Risk of Quality
Risk of Productization
Risk of Failure
Risk of Takeover
Support
2. Measuring the Maturity of Open Source
Open Source Traps
The Elements of Open Source Maturity
Leadership and Culture
Vitality of Community
Quality of End-User Support
Extent and Scope of Documentation
Quality of Installation Packaging
Momentum (or Frequency of Releases)
Quality of Code and Design
Quality of Architecture
Testing Practices
Integration with Other Products
Support for Standards
Quality of Project Site
License Type
Potential for Commercial Conflicts
Corporate Commitment
Putting It All Together
The Open Source Maturity Model
3. The Open Source Skill Set
Preventing an Open Source Nightmare
Open Source Skill Levels
Skill Levels Defined
Beginner
Intermediate
Advanced
Expert
Open Source Skills Inventory
Open Source Development Tools
Hosting
System Administration and Operations
Open Source Infrastructure
Programming Languages
Open Source Community Skills
Evaluating the maturity of open source
Networking with open source developers
How Maturity Affects Required Skills and Resources
Skills and Risks
Open Source Skill Building
4. Making the ROI Case
ROI Fashions
What Is ROI for Open Source?
How Open Source Costs Differ from Commercial Software Costs
Evaluation Costs
License and Maintenance Costs
Installation and Configuration Costs
Integration and Customization Costs
Operations and Support Costs
The Cost of Narrowness
Making Your Own ROI Model
Creating the ROI Analysis Spreadsheet
Creating the Estimates
Elements of Evaluation Costs
Elements of Installation and Configuration Costs
Elements of Integration and Customization Costs
Elements of Operations and Support Costs
Skills Versus Money
5. Designing an Open Source Strategy
Crafting a Strategy for Open Source Adoption
Steps to Low-Risk Open Source Adoption
Starting from Scratch
Becoming a Beginner
Moving to the Intermediate Level
When the Advanced and Expert Levels Make Sense
Institutional Skill Building
Crafting a Strategy for Applying Open Source
Crafting a Strategy for Managing Open Source
Unique Challenges of Controlling Open Source Adoption
Different Companies, Different Responses
6. Support Models for Open Source
Open Source Support Offers
The Generic Commercial Software Support Offer
Evaluating Open Source Support Providers
What Kind of Open Source Will Be Supported?
Subscriptions
Certified bundles
Custom enhancements
Open Source-Based Products
Consulting Services
When Is Commercial Open Source Support the Right Choice?
When Use of Open Source Is Mission Critical
When a Certified Bundle Solves an Important Problem
When a Consultant Creates a Custom Feature
Accelerating Implementation and Building Skills
Buy Carefully
7. Making Open Source Projects Easy to Adopt
One Program for Productization
Basic Information and Community Support
Mission Statement
Examples and Working Sites
Question-and-Answer Archive
Documentation
Reducing the Skills Gap for Getting Started
Installation Scripts
Configuration Tools
Administrative Interfaces
Operational and Diagnostic Consoles
Accelerating Learning
Sample Code
API Documentation
Architecture Documentation
Guide to Embedded Components
Integration
TWiki: An Integration Case Study
Choosing an Intranet Identity
Benefits of Increased Adoption
Opportunities for Skill Building
8. A Comparison of Open Source Licenses
Many Flavors of Licenses
The Classic Licenses
In the Beginning: The GPL
Free, open, and Copylefted
The “Lesser” GPL
Using the GPL in Your Own Work
The BSD Licenses: FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD
The MIT License
Second-Generation/Single-Project Licenses
The Apache License 2.0
The Artistic License (Perl)
Corporate Licenses
The Netscape Public License (NPL) and Mozilla Public License (MPL)
The Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL)
The Apple Public Source License (APSL)
The IBM/Eclipse Public License (EPL)
The Lucent Public License (Plan 9)
Other Corporate Licenses
Why Pick Just One? The Dual Licensing Option
9. Open Source Under Attack
SCO Versus IBM and the Legal Quandary of Open Source
What You Need to Know About SCO
A Brief History of SCO
2003: SCO Versus IBM
The Microsoft Connection
What It All Means: The Implications of the SCO Crisis
More FUD, Dead Ahead?
Indemnification: Could Sun Be a Safe Harbor with Open Source Solaris?
Patents: A Growing Concern
Worst-Case Scenarios
10. Open Source Empowerment
Two Poles of IT: Buy Versus Build
Where to Buy, Where to Build
Closing the Requirements Gap
Open Source Empowerment
Creating a Learning Culture
Engineering Practices
Building a Better Staff
Increasing Choice, Reducing Vendor Lock-In
The Vision and Challenge of IT
A. The Open Source Platform
What Is a Platform?
Three Open Source Platforms
Platforms for Application Development
Platforms for Infrastructure
Platforms for Applications
Assembling Your Open Source Platform
B. End-User Computing on the Desktop
Solutions
Linux Distribution
Desktop Environment
Productivity Software
Desktop Database Management
Web Browsers
Messaging Client
Capabilities
Open Source Desktop Environments: KDE
Desktop Productivity Suites
Desktop Database Management: MySQL
Web Browsing: Firefox
C. Open Source and Email
A Brief History of Email for Enterprise Use
Opportunities for IT Use of Open Source Email Products
Open Source Email Server Solutions
Open Source Email Server Capabilities
Open Source Email Server Projects
Recommended Email Server Projects
Postfix
Product strengths
Product weakness
Qmail
Product strengths
Product weaknesses
Exim
Product strengths
Product weakness
OpenLDAP
Open Source Email Client Solutions
Open Source Email Client Capabilities
Open Source Email Client Projects
Novell Evolution
Product strengths
Product weaknesses
Mozilla Thunderbird
Product strengths
Product weakness
Content Scanners
Antivirus Software
Content Scanner Capabilities
Clam AntiVirus
Product strengths
Product weakness
ClamWin
Product strength
Product weakness
SpamAssassin
Product strengths
Product weakness
SpamBayes
Product strengths
Product weakness
Mailing List Managers
Mailing List Manager Solutions
Mailing List Manager Capabilities
Mailing List Manager Projects
Mailman
Product strengths
Product weaknesses
Dada Mail
Product strengths
Product weakness
D. Groupware, Portals, and Collaboration
Groupware
Intranet Solutions
Project management
Software development process management
Document management and distribution
Forums
Business Application Support
Forums
Application/team weblog
Open Source Groupware Capabilities
Forums
Basic features
Content management and collaboration features
User management features
Advanced usability features
Recommended Open Source Groupware Projects
phpBB
Product strengths
mvnForum
Product strengths
Product weakness
Portals
Portal Capabilities
Basic feature
User management features
Content management features
Recommended Open Source Portal Projects
Tikiwiki
Product strengths
Product weakness
Metadot
Product strengths
Wikis
Wiki Capabilities
Basic features
Content management and collaboration features
User management features
Advanced usability feature
Recommended Open Source Wiki Projects
TWiki
Product strengths
Product weakness
Messaging Systems
Messaging Capabilities
Basic features
Collaboration features
User management features
Usability features
Security and privacy features
Recommended Open Source Messaging Projects
Gaim
Product strengths
Product weakness
Trillian
Product strengths
Product weaknesses
AdiumX
Product strengths
Product weaknesses
Fire
Product strengths
Product weakness
Jabber
Product strengths
Product weakness
E. Web Publishing and Content Management
Complete Content Management Systems
Basic Online Publishing Solutions
Brochureware
Marketing collateral
Product information
Online publications
Weblogs
How web publishing and content management systems help create basic online publishing solutions
Extranet Solutions
Technical support
Customer self-service
Training and e-learning
Business-to-business relationship support
How web publishing and content management systems help create extranet solutions
Intranet Solutions
Knowledge management
Document management
Digital asset management
How web publishing and content management systems help create intranet solutions
Web Publishing and Content Management System Capabilities
Content Creation and Persistence
Workflow Management
Search
Site Administration
Page and User Interface Design
Content Delivery and Distribution
Recommended Open Source Content Management System Projects
Plone
Product strengths
Product weaknesses
Drupal
Product strengths
Product weaknesses
OpenCms
Product strengths
Product weakness
Weblog Publishing Systems
Geeklog
Product strengths
Product weakness
Blosxom
Product strengths
Product weakness
Content Management System Toolkits and Components
Apache AxKit
Product strengths
Product weakness
F. Application Development
Capabilities
Presentation Management Facilities
Session Management Facilities
Administration, Configuration, and Diagnostic Facilities
External Systems Integration Support
Open Source Application Servers
Java Application Servers
Apache Tomcat
JBoss
Perl Application Servers
HTML::Mason
Apache::AxKit
PHP Application Servers
PEAR
Mojavi
Smarty
Other Application Servers
OpenACS
Zope
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Preface
Open Source for the Enterprise
Dan Woods
Gautam Guliani
Editor
Andy Oram
Copyright © 2005 O'Reilly Media, Inc.
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