Index

A

ACPI shutdown, stopping virtual machines, 239

Adaptive replacement cache (ARC), limiting size of, 211212

Addresses. See also IP

detecting MAC addresses, 143144

managing multiple address spaces, 340342

Administrative boundaries, 293294

Administrators

managing Solaris Zones, 67

zone administrator (ZA), 109110

Agents, Ops Center, 251

Applications of virtualization

administrative boundaries, 293294

CPU management, 291

database zones, 289290

fault isolation, 294

identity and naming services, 290

memory management, 291292

networking, 292293

overview of, 289

resource management, 290291

security services, 290

shared memory, 293

storage, 293

summary, 294

ARC (Adaptive replacement cache), limiting size of, 211212

Architecture

OpenStack, 257258

Ops Center, 250251

VirtualBox, 196197

Asynchronous workloads, virtualization use case, 4041

Automating virtualization

architecture of OpenStack, 257258

architecture of Ops Center, 250251

cloud storage, 266267

computing virtualization, 260264

control domains, 252253

deployment options, 267268

elastic virtual switch in cloud networking, 264266

global zones, 253

layered virtualization, 255256

migration, 254255

multimode environment, 269271

OpenStack, 256257

from Ops Center, 249250

Oracle Solaris and OpenStack, 258260

overview of, 249

recovery, 255

server pools, 254

single-system prototype environment, 269

storage libraries, 253254

summary, 271272

virtualization controllers, 251252

Availability

kernel zones and, 57

networking and, 107

planning, 307308

B

Backup and restore, virtualization for, 8

BIOS firmware, in VirtualBox, 208209

Boot environment (BE)

Solaris 10, 124125

Solaris 11, 66

Booting Solaris Zones, 7072

Boundaries

administrative, 293294

security, 5962, 116

Brand property, Solaris Zones, 63

Bursty workloads, virtualization use case, 4142

Business agility

advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 280

advantages of zone technology, 277

choosing virtualization technology, 276

reasons for using virtualization, 8

C

CD-ROM images

installing guest operating system, 221223

support in VirtualBox, 205206

CDoms. See Control domains (CDoms)

Chip multhreading technology (CMT), 131, 133

Cinder service

central management of storage, 266267

integrating Solaris with OpenStack, 259

Storage Unified Resource Identifier and, 263

Clock skew, in evolution of virtualization, 334335

Cloning

domains, 158160

virtual machine from command line, 245246

virtual machine with GUI wizard, 242245

Cloud computing. See also Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI)

networking using elastic virtual switch, 264266

OpenStack as foundation for IaaS cloud, 256

OpenStack deployment options, 267268

pooled server farm as private cloud, 324325

private clouds, 302

storage via, 266267

virtualization supporting, 9, 276

Cloud Control, Oracle Enterprise Manager, 249, 305306

CMT (Chip multhreading technology), 131, 133

Cold migration, 44, 162

Command-line interface (CLI)

cloning virtual machines, 245246

comparing with GUI, 224

creating Solaris 11 guest, 229233

creating Windows 10 guest, 223229

installing guest additions, 235237

interacting with VirtualBox, 197198

Compatibility

advantages of hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280

advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279

advantages of zone technology, 278

choosing virtualization technology, 274

Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS), 328

Computers, virtualization supporting better utilization, 45

COMSTAR cloud storage, 266267

Configuring Solaris Zones, 6870

Connectivity, resiliency and, 142143

Console, Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 147148

Consolidation. See also Workload consolidation

configuring CPU utilization, 311312

creating Solaris Zones, 312314

overview of, 309310

planning in Solaris Zones, 310311

reasons for using virtualization, 24

testing Solaris Zones, 314315

virtualization improving, 57

Constraints, domain, 140

Containers. See Oracle Solaris Zones

Control domains (CDoms)

configuring, 150151

domain roles, 135

managing domains, 154155

in Ops Center, 252253

in SPARC M series processors, 186

virtualization controllers, 251

Controls, security, 322

Controls, zone

choosing, 91

configuring resource pools, 8588

CPU caps, 8990

CPU controls, 8182

CPU usage monitoring, 9193

DTrace feature set, 101103

dynamic resource pools, 8285

Fair Share Scheduler (FSS), 8889

memory controls, 93

miscellaneous controls, 100101

physical memory tools, 95

physical memory usage monitoring, 9598

resource controls for kernel zones, 117

shared and locked memory monitoring, 98100

virtual memory usage monitoring, 9395

CP-40, 328329

CPU threads (strands), 133, 140142

CPUs

assigning resources, 132134, 140142

assigning virtual CPUs to guests, 200201

chip multhreading technology, 131, 133

configuring dynamic resource pools, 8588

configuring utilization, 311312

control caps, 8991

controlling kernel zone resources, 117

controls, 8182

dynamic reconfiguration, 137, 156157

dynamic resource pools, 8285

Fair Share Scheduler (FSS), 8889

managing using virtualization, 291

monitoring usage, 9193

number of processor supported by SPARC M6, 180181

number of processor supported by SPARC M7, 182184

performance overhead, 274

problem of nested CPU resource manager, 336337

redundancy in PDom, 189190

relieving scalability constraints, 4849

SPARC M6 servers and, 173174

SPARC M7 servers and, 176

utilization by asynchronous workloads, 41

virtualization improving utilization, 3

Cryptographic accelerator, on SPARC processors, 148

CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System), 328

Customer examples, of Solaris virtualization

combining Oracle VM Server for SPARC with Solaris Zones, 325

pooled server farm as private cloud, 324325

scaling up process in financial institution, 323324

summary, 326

D

Data Link Multipathing (DLMP), 107

Database as a Service (DBaaS), 302

Database zones

applying virtualization to, 289290

fault isolation, 294

identity and naming services, 290

managing CPUs, 291

managing memory, 291292

managing resources, 290291

networking, 292293

security services, 290

setting administrative boundaries, 293294

shared memory, 293

storage, 293

summary, 294

DBaaS (Database as a Service), 302

DCUs (Domain configurable units)

SPARC M6 servers, 173175

SPARC M7 servers, 176178

Decision trees, in selecting virtualization technology, 284285

Dedicated domains, Oracle SuperCluster, 298300

Defense in depth, security strategy, 316

Delegated administration, in Solaris Zones, 109110

Deployment

OpenStack options, 267268

using Unified Archives, 112113

of zones, 6667

Devices

accessing, 108, 136

kernel zones and, 118

MAC addresses of virtual, 143144

physical I/O devices, 138139

reconfigurating dynamically, 156157

resiliency of disk devices, 145146

viewing, 153

virtual I/O devices, 137138

virtual network devices, 142, 206208

DIMM sparing feature, SPARC M series, 190

Direct device access, Solaris Zones for, 108

Direct I/O (DIO), 139

Disk drives

Create Virtual Hard Disk Wizard, 218220

dynamic reconfiguration, 156157

resiliency, 145146

virtual, 144145, 202206

Disk images, VirtualBox

formats supported, 203204

library of, 204205

DLMP (Data Link Multipathing), 107

Domain configurable units (DCUs)

SPARC M6 servers, 173175

SPARC M7 servers, 176178

Domains

cloning, 158160

configuring, 140, 150151

console and open boot, 147148

control. See Control domains (CDoms)

Domain configurable units (DCUs), 173175, 176178

guest. See Guest domains

I/O. See I/O domains

installing Solaris in, 153154

logical. See Logical domains (LDoms)

managing, 154155

migrating, 160162

Oracle SuperCluster, 297300

physical. See Physical domains (PDoms)

resources of, 132

roles, 135137

root, 139, 298300

viewing configuration, 156

viewing domain devices, 153

Double paging, controlling thrashing and, 338

DTrace feature set, 101103

Dynamic physical domains, 184185

Dynamic reconfiguration

of memory, 137

Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 156157

Dynamic resource management, 158

Dynamic resource pools

configuring, 8588

controlling CPU usage, 8182

overview of, 8285

E

EFI (Extended Firmware Interface), in VirtualBox, 208209

Elastic Virtual Switch (EVS), OpenStack, 265266

Elasticity. See Scalability

Encryption

Oracle Transparent Data Encryption, 290

security features in SECI, 306307

Engineered Systems. See Oracle Engineered Systems

Enterprise controller, Ops Center, 250

EVS (Elastic Virtual Switch), OpenStack, 265266

Exadata storage servers, in Oracle SuperCluster, 296

Exalytics In-Memory Machine, 308309

Expansion racks, SPARC M7 servers, 303304

Extended Firmware Interface (EFI), in VirtualBox, 208209

Extension Packs, VirtualBox, 226227

F

Failure isolation. See also Fault isolation

hardware partitioning, 1314

operating system virtualization (OSV), 2526

Type 1 hypervisors, 19

Type 2 hypervisors, 22

Fair Share Scheduler (FSS)

choosing CPU controls, 91

controlling CPU usage, 300

CPU controls in, 8182

making default scheduler, 311

managing resources, 8889

problem of nested CPU resource manager and, 336

Fans, redundancy, 189

Fault isolation

advantages of hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280

advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279

advantages of VirtualBox, 281

advantages of zone technology, 276

applying virtualization to, 294

hardware and electrical, 171

redundancy for, 189190

via physical domains, 189

Fault Management Architecture (FMA), 56

File systems

adding to Solaris Zones, 7678

archiving, 122

integrating Solaris Zones with IPS and ZFS, 6364

kernel zones and, 118

Financial institutions, scaling up with virtualization, 323324

Firmware, Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 149

Flexibility

characteristics of virtualization models, 1011

hardware partitioning solutions, 1415

operating system virtualization (OSV), 28

Type 1 hypervisors, 19

Type 2 hypervisors, 23

FMA (Fault Management Architecture), 56

Full clone option, VirtualBox, 242

Functional tests, virtualization use case, 42

G

Global zones

managing, 67

Ops Center configuration options, 253

overview of, 5557

properties, 6970

security boundaries, 60

VirtualBox running in, 210

virtualization controllers, 251

Graphical user interface (GUI)

cloning virtual machine, 242245

comparing with CLI, 224

creating guest machine, 216221

installing guest addition, 233235

interacting with VirtualBox, 197198

Guest domains

booting, 156

creating, 151153

domain roles, 135137

migrating, 167

SPARC M series processors, 186187

Guests

creating guest machine, 216221

creating Solaris 11 guest, 229233

creating Windows 10 guest, 223229

guest platform, 198199

installing guest additions, 233237

installing guest operating system, 221223

live migration of, 246247

managing in Type 1 hypervisors, 19

managing in Type 2 hypervisors, 23

migrating between hosts, 254255

Oracle Solaris as, 215

RAM requirements and management, 201202

supported options, 194

synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335

user interface options, 208209

virtual CPUs assignments, 200201

virtual disks, 202206

virtual network devices, 206208

GUI. See Graphical user interface (GUI)

H

HA (high availability)

kernel zones and, 57

networking and, 107

planning resource use and availability, 308

Handshaking mechanisms, controlling thrashing and, 339

Hard disks. See Disk drives

Hardware

automatic recovery, 255

isolation, 178180, 189, 273

maintaining legacy system on new hardware, 46

operating system virtualization and, 2728

Oracle SuperCluster architecture and components, 296

planning use and availability, 307

Solaris Zones and, 125

Hardware partitioning

choosing virtualization technology, 1316, 280281

industry examples, 1617

isolation/flexibility spectrum, 11

overview of, 1213

relative strengths of, 16

types of virtualization approaches, 2

HBA (Host bus adapter)

disk device resiliency and, 145

virtual (vHBA), 146147

High availability (HA)

kernel zones and, 57

networking and, 107

planning resource use and availability, 308

Host bus adapter (HBA)

disk device resiliency and, 145

virtual (vHBA), 146147

Hosts

installing on Oracle Solaris, 212215

migrating guests between, 254255

Oracle Solaris as, 210212

supported options, 193194

Hypervisors. See also Virtual machines (VMs)

comparing full and paravirtualization, 2324

early versions of, 328330

logical domains, 171172

performance overhead, 274

relative strengths of, 24

SPARC use of, 134

synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335

time-splicing CPUs among virtual machines, 132

Type 1, 1721

Type 2, 2123

types of, 1112

in VirtualBox, 193

I

I/O

dynamic reconfiguration of I/O devices, 137

performance overhead, 274275

physical I/O, 138139

planning resource use and availability, 308

redundancy, 190

service domains, 305

virtual I/O, 137138

I/O domains

accessing physical I/O devices, 136

domain roles, 135

Oracle SuperCluster, 299300

I/O units (IOU)

SPARC M6 servers, 173174

SPARC M7 servers, 176177

IaaS. See Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Identity, applying virtualization to, 290

Image Package System (IPS)

integration of OpenStack with Solaris, 260

integration of Solaris Zones with IPS and ZFS, 6364

zone packaging features and functions, 6466

Immutable Kernel Zone

configuring, 129

making kernel zone immutable, 116

Immutable Zones

creating, 315

overview of, 5354

read-only Solaris Zones, 78

zone-related authorization, 110

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

cloud computing service models, 302303

OpenStack as foundation for IaaS cloud, 256

virtualization supporting, 9

Installing

guest additions, 233237

guest operating system, 221223

Oracle VM Server, 149150

Solaris in a domain, 153154

Solaris Zones, 7072

VirtualBox hosts, 212215

Instructions

impact of instruction emulation on performance of virtual machines, 332334

synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335

Internet service provider (ISP), hosting web services, 285286

IOU (I/O units)

SPARC M6 servers, 173174

SPARC M7 servers, 176177

IP

exclusive-IP Solaris Zones, 105106

shared-IP Solaris Zones, 106107

IP Multipathing (IPMP), 107

Isolation. See also Fault isolation; Hardware partitioning

advantages of hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280

advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279

advantages of VirtualBox, 281282

advantages of zone technology, 276, 278

characteristics of virtualization models, 1011

choosing virtualization technology, 1314, 273274

industry example of hardware isolation using, 1617

operating system virtualization and, 2526

reasons for using virtualization, 2

Solaris Zones and, 54, 125

Type 1 hypervisors, 19

Type 2 hypervisors, 22

virtualization technologies on SPARC servers, 178180

of workloads, 58

ISP (Internet service provider), hosting web services, 285286

K

Kernel zones. See Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones

L

Layered virtualization, Ops Center, 255256

LDCs (Logical domain channels), 134, 138

LDoms. See Logical domains (LDoms)

Least recently used (LRU) algorithm, thrashing and, 338339

Legacy systems, maintaining on new hardware, 46

Lightweight processes (LWPs), limiting number of, 100101

Linked clone option, VirtualBox, 242

Live migration

of domains, 161162

of guests, 246247

types of migration, 4445

Live zone reconfiguration, Solaris Zones management features, 110112

Locked memory

tools, 9899

usage monitoring, 99100

Logical domain channels (LDCs), 134, 138

Logical Domain Manager

as constraint manager, 136

detecting MAC addresses, 143144

dynamic reconfiguration, 156157

Logical domains (LDoms)

hypervisor-based technologies, 171172

isolation of operating system, 178180

logical domain channels (LDCs), 134

Logical Domain Manager, 143144

logical physical domains, 185188

managing, 252253

Oracle SuperCluster and, 297300

service domains, 305

SPARC and, 278 See also Oracle VM Server for SPARC

LRU (Least recently used) algorithm, thrashing and, 338339

LWPs (Lightweight processes), limiting number of, 100101

M

MAC addresses, of virtual network devices, 143144

Management. See also Ops Center; Service Management Facility (SMF)

challenges in architectural evolution of virtualization, 331

of domains, 154155

of guests, 19, 23

of memory and RAM. See Memory management

platform management, 29

of resources. See Resource management

virtualization management features, 109110, 113114

Management, of kernel zones

migrating, 120121

overview of, 118

suspending, resuming, and deploying, 119

Management, of zones

configuring, 6870

delegated administration, 109110

deploying, 112113

global zones, 67

halting, 72

installing and booting, 7072

live zone reconfiguration, 110112

migrating, 113114

modifying, 7273

modifying privileges, 7374

virtualization management features, 113114

Memory

redundancy in PDOMs, 190

SPARC M6 servers, 173174

SPARC M7 servers, 176

Memory controls

managing kernel zones, 119

miscellaneous, 100101

overview of, 93

physical memory tools, 95

physical memory usage monitoring, 9598

shared and locked memory tools, 9899

shared and locked memory usage monitoring, 99100

virtual memory tools, 9394

virtual memory usage monitoring, 9495

Memory management

applying virtualization to, 291292

controlling thrashing, 337340

multiple address spaces and, 340342

Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 148149

RAM, 201202

setting cap on, 321

Microsoft Windows 10, as VirtualBox guest, 223229

Migration

of domains, 160162

of guests between hosts, 254255

of kernel zones, 120121

live migration of VirtualBox guests, 246247

to Solaris 11, 122123

of Solaris Zones, 113114

of virtual environment, 4446

Mobility, of workloads, 4346

Monitoring

CPU usage, 9193

physical memory, 9598

shared and locked memory, 99100

virtual memory, 9495

Most recently used (MRU) algorithm, thrashing and, 339

Multimode environment, OpenStack, 269271

Multiplexed I/O (MPXIO), 145

N

Namespaces, Solaris Zones, 6263

Naming services, applying virtualization to, 290

NAT (Network Address Translation), 207

Nested Page Tables (NPT), 342

Network Address Translation (NAT), 207

Network interfaces (NICs)

aggregating, 107

managing, 292

overview of, 103

Networking

applying virtualization to, 292293

cloud networking using elastic virtual switch, 264266

connectivity and resiliency, 142143

exclusive-IP Solaris Zones, 105106

highly availability, 107

kernel zones, 118

MAC addresses, 143144

overview of, 103

shared-IP Solaris Zones, 105106

virtual network devices, 142, 206208

virtual networks and Solaris Zones, 103105

Neutron service

cloud networking and, 264266

integrating Solaris with OpenStack, 259

OpenStack and, 263

Non-executable pages, VirtualBox support, 201

NPT (Nested Page Tables), 342

O

OBP (OpenBoot Prom), 152153

OEM. See Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)

Open Boot, Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 147148

OpenBoot Prom (OBP), 152153

OpenStack

architecture of, 257258

cloud networking using elastic virtual switch, 264266

cloud storage, 266267

computing virtualization with Solaris Zones, 260264

core service modules, 258

deployment options, 267268

multimode environment, 269271

Oracle Solaris and, 258260

overview of, 256257

single-system prototype environment, 269

summary, 271

Operating system virtualization (OSV). See also Oracle Solaris Zones

factors in choosing virtualization type, 2529

isolation/flexibility spectrum, 11

kernel zones and, 114

overview of, 2425

relative strengths of, 2930, 125126

types of virtualization approaches, 2

Operating systems (OSs)

choosing virtualization technology, 275

creating Solaris 11 guest, 229233

creating Windows 10 guest, 223229

factors in choosing hardware partitioning, 14

fault isolation, 189

fine-grained modification (virtualization use case), 49

guest platform in VirtualBox, 198199

installing for guest, 221223

isolation on SPARC servers, 178180

maintaining legacy system on new hardware, 46

OSV. See Operating system virtualization (OSV)

Type 1 hypervisors, 19

Type 2 hypervisors, 22

using Solaris as VirtualBox guest, 215

VirtualBox supported, 194

workload consolidation and, 57

Ops Center

architecture of, 250251

automatic recovery, 255

control domains, 252253

global zones, 253

layered virtualization, 255256

management interface for SECI environments, 304

migrating guests, 254255

Oracle VM Manager and, 163168

overview of, 249250

physical domains and, 190191

server pools, 254

storage libraries, 253254

summary, 255

virtualization controllers, 251252

Oracle Engineered Systems

Oracle Exalytics, 308309

Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure. See Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI)

SuperCluster. See Oracle SuperCluster

virtualization with, 295

Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)

Cloud Control, 249, 305306

Ops Center. See Ops Center

Oracle Exalytics (Exalytics In-Memory Machine), 308309

Oracle Solaris

creating Solaris 11 guest, 229233

installing hosts, 212215

OpenStack and, 258260

as VirtualBox guest, 215

as VirtualBox host, 210212

Oracle Solaris Binary Application Guarantee, 121

Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones

basic Solaris model, 5557

code detail of, 127128

computing virtualization, 260264

creating and basic properties of, 115116

defined, 54

diagnosing problems, 118119

file systems and devices and, 118

migrating, 120121

networking and, 118

overview of, 114

packaging and, 116

resource controls, 117

security boundaries, 116

support for, 114115

suspending, resuming, and deploying, 119

Oracle Solaris Zones

adding file systems to, 7678

basic model, 5558

boot environments, 66

brand property, 63

choosing CPU controls, 91

choosing virtualization technology, 276278

clock skew issues and, 335

computing virtualization, 260264

configuring immutable zones, 129

configuring resource pools, 8588

configuring zones, 6870

CPU controls, 8182, 8990

CPU usage monitoring, 9193

creating zones, 312314

delegated administration, 109110

deploying zones, 6667, 112113

direct device access, 108

DTrace feature set, 101103

dynamic resource pools, 8285

exclusive-IP zones, 105106

Fair Share Scheduler (FSS), 8889

features of, 5455, 6768

file systems and, 6364

halting zones, 72

highly available networking, 107

hosting on dedicated and I/O domains, 300301

implementing security hardened zones, 318322

installing and booting zones, 7072

integrating Solaris with OpenStack, 259

isolating programs on SPARC servers, 178180

isolation provided by, 58

live zone reconfiguration, 110112

managing zones, 67

memory controls, 93

migrating zones, 113114

miscellaneous controls, 100101

modifying privileges, 7374

modifying zones, 7273

namespaces, 6263

networking and, 103

Oracle VM Server for SPARC and, 168169

overview of, 5153

packaging and, 6466, 7475

physical domains and, 188

physical memory tools, 95

physical memory usage monitoring, 9598

planning resource use and availability, 307

privileges and security boundaries, 5962

read-only zones, 7879

resource management, 7981

running in VirtualBox, 210

shared and locked memory tools, 9899

shared and locked memory usage monitoring, 99100

shared-IP zones, 106107

Solaris 10 zones, 121125

storing zones, 7576

strengths of, 125126

summary, 126

testing zones, 314315, 322

virtual memory tools, 9394

virtual memory usage monitoring, 9495

virtual networks, 103105

virtualization management features, 109

what’s new, 5354

Oracle Solaris Zones, consolidating virtualization applications

configuring CPU utilization, 311312

creating zones, 312314

overview of, 309310

planning, 310311

testing zones, 314315

Oracle Solaris Zones, for security hardening

example scenario, 316317

implementing hardened zones, 318322

overview of, 315316

security analysis, 322323

steps in, 318

summary, 323

testing zones, 322

Oracle SuperCluster

domains, 297300

hardware architecture, 296

overview of, 295

Solaris Zones, 300301

summary, 300301

virtualization architecture, 297

Oracle Transparent Data Encryption, 290

Oracle VM Managers, Ops Center, 163168

Oracle VM Server for SPARC

assigning CPU resources, 132134, 140142

choosing virtualization technology, 278280

cloning domains, 158160

combining with Solaris Zones, 325

configuring control domain, 150151

console and open boot, 147148

creating guest domain, 151153

cryptographic accelerator, 148

disk device resiliency, 145146

domain configuration and resources, 140

domain roles, 135137

dynamic reconfiguration, 137, 156157

dynamic resource management, 158

features and implementation, 131132, 134135

installing, 149150

installing Solaris in a domain, 153154

MAC addresses, 143144

managing domains, 154155

managing memory, 148149

migrating domains, 160162

network connectivity and resiliency, 142143

Oracle VM Managers and Ops Center, 163168

overview of, 131

physical I/O, 138139

physical to virtual conversion, 162163

Solaris Zones and, 168169

summary, 169

Type 1 hypervisors, 21

verifying and installing firmware, 149

viewing domain devices, 153

viewing domain from inside, 156

virtual disks, 144145

virtual HBA (vHBA), 146147

virtual I/O, 137138

virtual network devices, 142

Oracle VM VirtualBox

architecture, 196197

BIOS firmware and Extended Firmware Interface, 208209

choosing virtualization technology, 281282

cloning virtual machines, 242246

creating guest machines, 216221

creating Solaris 11 guest, 229233

creating Windows 10 guest, 223229

guest platform, 198199

how it works, 195196

installing guest additions, 233237

installing guest operating system, 221223

installing on Solaris host, 212215

interacting with, 197198

live migration of a guest, 246247

Oracle Solaris as guest, 215

Oracle Solaris as host, 210212

overview of, 193195

RAM settings, 201202

starting virtual machines, 238239

stopping virtual machines, 239242

summary, 247

virtual CPUs, 200201

virtual disks, 202206

virtual network devices, 206208

OSs. See Operating systems (OSs)

OSV. See Operating system virtualization (OSV)

P

P2V (Physical to Virtual) tool, 162163

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

cloud computing service models, 302

virtualization supporting, 9

Packages/packaging

IPS features and functions, 6465

kernel zones, 116

Solaris Zones, 7475

updating packages, 6566

Page Descriptor Cache (PDC), 340

Page table entry (PTE), 340341

Paravirtualization, comparing full virtualization with, 2324

Partition management. See also Hardware partitioning, 16

PCIe root domain, 139, 186187

PDC (Page Descriptor Cache), 340

PDoms. See Physical domains (PDoms)

Performance

advantages of hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280

advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279

advantages of zone technology, 277

challenges in architectural evolution of virtualization, 331

instruction emulation impact on, 332334

overhead, 274

requirements in selecting virtualization technologies, 283

virtualization use cases, 43

Physical domains (PDoms)

choosing virtualization technology, 178179, 280281

dynamic, 184185

fault isolation, 189

for isolation of hardware on SPARC servers, 178180

logical, 185188

Ops Center and, 190191

Oracle SuperCluster and, 297

overview of, 171172

redundancy, 189190

Solaris Zones and, 188

SPARC M6, 172174, 180184

SPARC M7, 174178, 180184

static, 184

summary, 191

Physical I/O, 138139

Physical memory

tools, 95

usage monitoring, 9598

Physical to Virtual (P2V) tool, 162163

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

cloud computing service models, 302

virtualization supporting, 9

Platform management, 29

Power supplies, redundancy, 189

Preferences, in selecting virtualization technologies, 283284

Private clouds. See also Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI), 302

Privileges

as basis of zone security boundary, 5962

implementing security boundaries, 290

list of zone privileges, 61

modifying Solaris Zones, 7374

not allowed in Solaris Zones, 62

security hardening and, 315, 319320

Processor cache, in SPARC systems, 133

Processors. See CPUs

Programs. See Software (programs)

Properties

global zones, 6970

kernel zones, 115116

security-related, 62

zone brand property, 63

Provisioning, flexible, rapid, 4748

Proxy controllers, Ops Center, 250251

PTE (page table entry), 340341

Q

QDR 40 Gb/s InfiniBand network, 296

R

RAM. See also Memory

controlling thrashing and, 338

dynamic reconfiguration, 137

managing kernel zones, 119

managing multiple address spaces, 340341

memory management, 148149

relieving scalability constraints, 4849

resource management, 291292

setting cap on, 321

settings in VirtualBox, 201202

RBAC (Role-Based Access Control), 307

Read-only zones, 7879

Recovery, automatic recovery with Ops Center, 255

Redundancy, for fault isolation, 189190

Resource controls, kernel zones, 117

Resource management

applying virtualization to, 290291

assigning CPU resources, 132134, 140142

configuring resource pools, 8588

in consolidated systems, 10

CPU caps, 8991

CPU controls, 8182

CPU management, 291

CPU usage monitoring, 9193

DTrace feature set, 101103

dynamic, 158

dynamic resource pools, 8285

Fair Share Scheduler (FSS), 8889

memory controls, 93

memory management, 291292

miscellaneous controls, 100101

networking management, 292293

overview of, 7981

physical memory tools, 95

physical memory usage monitoring, 9598

planning resource use and availability, 307308

problem of nested CPU resource manager, 336337

security hardening and, 315, 321

selecting virtualization technologies, 283

shared and locked memory tools, 9899

shared and locked memory usage monitoring, 99100

shared memory management, 293

storage management, 293

virtual memory tools, 9394

virtual memory usage monitoring, 9495

Resource pooling

configuring, 8588

dynamic pools in Solaris Zones, 8285

reasons for using virtualization, 9

Resources

choosing virtualization technology, 275

dynamic resource types, 111112

security-related zone properties, 62

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), 307

Root domains

Oracle SuperCluster, 298300

PCIe root domain, 139

SPARC M series processors, 186187

S

SaaS (Software as a Service), 9

Scalability

advantages of zone technology, 277

choosing virtualization technology, 275

factors in choosing hardware partitioning, 1516

operating system virtualization and, 29

reasons for using virtualization, 9

Type 1 hypervisors, 19

virtualization use case relieving scalability constraints, 4849

SCSI controllers, in VirtualBox, 203

Seamless Mode, VirtualBox

installing guest additions, 233

supported features, 194

SECI (Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure). See Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI)

Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI)

components, 303304

overview of, 301303

planning resource use and availability, 307308

security features, 306307

server pools, 305306

service domains, 305

summary, 308

Security

advantages of zone technology, 276

analysis, 322323

applying virtualization to security services, 290

configurable characteristics (virtualization use case), 4950

consolidated system boundary requirements, 10

controls, 322

features in SECI, 306307

isolation, 274

reasons for using virtualization, 8

Security boundaries

implementing with privileges, 290

kernel zones, 116

Solaris Zones, 54, 5962, 315

Security hardening

example scenario, 316317

implementing hardened Solaris Zones, 318322

security analysis, 322323

Solaris Zones and, 315316

steps in, 318

summary, 323

testing Solaris Zones, 322

Security isolation

advantages of hardware partitioning, 280

advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279

advantages of VirtualBox, 282

factors in choosing hardware partitioning solutions, 14

Type 1 hypervisors, 19

Type 2 hypervisors, 22

Server pools

migration between, 254255

Ops Center, 254

pooled server farm as private cloud, 324325

Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure and, 305306

Servers

SPARC M6. See SPARC M6 servers

SPARC M7. See SPARC M7 servers

T5-8 server platform, 309

VM Server for SPARC. See Oracle VM Server for SPARC

Service domains

domain roles, 135

providing I/O services, 305

Service Management Facility (SMF)

configuring services for Solaris Zones, 315

configuring Solaris Zones, 317

integration of OpenStack with Solaris, 259260

managing Solaris Zones, 63

Service processors, redundancy, 189

Shared Clipboard, VirtualBox

installing guest additions, 233

overview of, 194

Shared memory

applying virtualization to, 293

tools, 9899

usage monitoring, 99100

Single root virtualization (SR-IOV), 139

Single-system environment, OpenStack, 269

SMF. See Service Management Facility (SMF)

Snapshots

stopping virtual machines in VirtualBox, 239

testing and, 43

ZFS, 6566

Software as a Service (SaaS)

cloud computing service models, 302

virtualization supporting, 9

Software (programs)

automatic recovery, 255

compatibility, 274, 278

development as virtualization use cases, 4142

fault isolation, 189

infrastructure in OSV, 28

isolation, 273274

isolation on SPARC servers, 178180

planning resource use and availability, 307

Solaris Containers. See Oracle Solaris Zones

Solaris multiplexed I/O (MPXIO), 145

Solaris Trusted Extensions, 54, 60

Solaris Zones. See Oracle Solaris Zones

SPARC

chip multhreading technology, 133

CPU resource pools, 87

Exalytics version, 309

example of paravirtualization, 23

impact of instruction emulation on performance of virtual machines, 333334

kernel zones relying on hardware support for, 114

Oracle VM Server for. See Oracle VM Server for SPARC

Page Descriptor Cache (PDC), 340341

Solaris 11 EAL 4+ security certification for, 60

strengths of Solaris Zones, 125

SPARC M6 servers

dynamic domains, 184185

logical domains, 185188

managing from Ops Center, 190191

overview of, 172174

physical domains on, 180184

redundancy, 189190

SPARC M7 servers

dynamic domains, 184185

expansion racks, 303304

hardware architecture in Oracle SuperCluster, 296

logical domains, 185188

managing from Ops Center, 190191

overview of, 174178

physical domains on, 180184

redundancy, 189190

static domains, 184

SR-IOV (single root virtualization), 139

Static physical domains, 184

Storage

adding file systems to Solaris Zones, 7678

alternative root storage, 7576

applying virtualization to, 293

cloud, 266267

Ops Center libraries, 253254

read-only Solaris Zones, 7879

Solaris Zones, 75

strengths of Solaris Zones, 125

Strands (CPU threads), 133, 140142

SuperCluster. See Oracle SuperCluster

Switches, cloud networking using elastic virtual switch, 264266

Synthetic instructions, for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335

System virtualization. See also Operating system virtualization (OSV); Virtualization

comparing full virtualization and paravirtualization, 2324

early versions of hypervisors, 328330

emergence of virtual machines, 330331

factors in choosing virtualization type, 1316

hardware partitioning, 1213

industry example of hardware isolation using, 1617

overview of, 1012

summary, 343

then and now, why and how, 327328

Type 1 hypervisors, 1721

Type 2 hypervisors, 2123

virtual machines, 17

what it is, 1

T

T5-8 server platform, Exalytics based on, 309

Teleportation feature, VirtualBox, 246247

Testing and staging environments, virtualization use case, 4243

Thrashing, controlling, 337340

TLB (translation lookaside buffer), 340342

Translation lookaside buffer (TLB), 340342

Trusted Extensions, Solaris Zones as basis of, 54, 60

Type 1 hypervisors. See also Hypervisors, 1112

Type 2 hypervisors. See also Hypervisors, 1112, 281

U

UIDs (user identification numbers), mapping namespaces to, 6263

Unified Archives

deploying Solaris Zones, 112113

integrating Solaris Zones with OpenStack, 259

storing Solaris Zones, 6667

Usage monitoring

CPUs, 9193

physical memory, 9598

shared and locked memory, 99100

virtual memory, 9495

Use cases (virtualization)

Asynchronous workloads, 4041

availability and, 3839

bursty workloads, 4142

configurable security characteristics, 4950

controlling resource sharing, 3438

fine-grained modification of operating system, 49

flexible, rapid provisioning, 4748

maintaining legacy system on new hardware, 46

relieving scalability constraints, 4849

simplifying mobility of workloads, 4346

testing and staging environments, 4243

workload consolidation, 3234

User identification numbers (UIDs), mapping namespaces to, 6263

V

VCPUs (Virtual CPUs), 140142, 200201

VDRE (Virtual Remote Desktop Extension), 194195, 226229

VEs (virtual environments). See also Virtualization, 2

VFs (Virtual functions), 139

VHBA (Virtual HBA), 146147

VIO (Virtual I/O). See Virtual I/O (VIO)

Virtual CPUs (vCPUs), 140142, 200201

Virtual disks, 144145, 202206

Virtual environments (VEs). See also Virtualization, 2

Virtual functions (VFs), 139

Virtual HBA (vHBA), 146147

Virtual I/O (VIO)

dynamic reconfiguration, 157

overview of, 137138

performance overhead, 274

service domains, 305

Virtual LANs (VLANs), security features in SECI, 307

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), in VirtualBox, 195196

Virtual machines (VMs)

cloning domains, 158160

cloning VirtualBox virtual machine from command line, 245246

cloning with VirtualBox GUI wizard, 242245

comparing full virtualization and paravirtualization, 2324

editing, 166

emergence of, 330331

history of virtualization, 328

instruction emulation impact on performance, 332334

isolation/flexibility spectrum, 11

kernel zones and, 114

Oracle VM Server for SPARC and, 131

overview of, 17

relative strengths of hypervisors, 24

Solaris Zones compared with, 57

starting with VirtualBox, 238239

stopping with VirtualBox, 239242

synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335

Type 1 hypervisors, 1721

Type 2 hypervisors, 2123

types of, 1112

types of virtualization approaches, 2

VirtualBox. See Oracle VM VirtualBox

VM Server for SPARC. See Oracle VM Server for SPARC

Virtual memory (VM)

controlling thrashing and, 337340

managing multiple address spaces, 340341

setting cap on, 321

tools in Solaris Zones, 9394

usage monitoring, 9495

Virtual network devices

MAC addresses of, 143144

overview of, 142

in VirtualBox, 206208

Virtual network interfaces (VNICs)

aggregation, 107

connecting to tenant networks, 264

overview of, 103

resource management, 292

Virtual networking

OpenStack, 265

Solaris Zones and, 103105

Virtual-processor identifiers (VPIDs), 342

Virtual Remote Desktop Extension (VDRE), 194195, 226229

Virtual Remote Desktop Protocol (VRDP), 194195, 226227

Virtual switches, cloud networking using elastic virtual switch, 264266

VirtualBox. See Oracle VM VirtualBox

Virtualization

applying. See Applications of virtualization

architecture in Oracle SuperCluster, 297

automating. See Automating virtualization

benefits and drawbacks, 78

comparing full virtualization and paravirtualization, 2324

computing with Solaris Zones, 260264

controllers in Ops Center, 251252

factors in choosing operating system virtualization, 2529

hardware partitioning, 1213

improves consolidation, 57

industry example of hardware isolation using, 1617

operating system virtualization (OSV), 2425

physical to virtual conversion, 162163

reasons for using, 25, 89

relative strengths of operating system virtualization, 2930

selecting type of, 1316

summary, 30

supports cloud computing, 9

system models, 1012

system virtualization. See System virtualization

Type 1 hypervisors, 1721

Type 2 hypervisors, 2123

use cases. See Use cases (virtualization)

virtual machines, 17

what it is, 12

Virtualization, history and architectural evolution

controlling thrashing, 337340

early versions of hypervisors, 328330

emergence of virtual machines, 330331

instruction emulation impact on performance, 332334

managing multiple address spaces, 340342

performance and management challenges, 331

problem of nested CPU resource manager, 336337

summary, 343

synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335

then and now, why and how, 327328

time-related issues, 334335

Virtualization, selecting technology

for consolidating large, mission-critical workloads, 285

for consolidating mixed workloads, 286287

decision tree approach, 284285

hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280281

for hosting web services, 285286

Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 278280

overview of, 273

physical domains (PDoms), 178179

preferences, 283284

Solaris Zones, 276278

starting with requirements, 282283

strengths and weaknesses, 273276

summary, 287

VirtualBox, 281282

Virtualization, Solaris Zones management features

delegated administration, 109110

deployment, 112113

live zone reconfiguration, 110112

migration, 113114

overview of, 109

VLANs (Virtual LANs), security features in SECI, 307

VM. See Virtual memory (VM)

VM Server. See Oracle VM Server for SPARC

VM VirtualBox. See Oracle VM VirtualBox

VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor), in VirtualBox, 195196

VMs. See Virtual machines (VMs)

VNICs. See Virtual network interfaces (VNICs)

VPIDs (Virtual-processor identifiers), 342

VRDP (Virtual Remote Desktop Protocol), 194195, 226227

W

Warm migration, 44

Web browsers, testing Solaris Zones, 314315

Web services

adding Apache web server to Solaris, 313314

hosting, 285286

Windows 10, as VirtualBox guest, 223229

Workload consolidation

availability and, 3839

of large, mission-critical workloads, 285

of mixed workloads, 286287

overview of, 3234

reasons for using virtualization, 3, 57, 89

summary, 40

types of resource controls, 3438

Workloads

asynchronous, 4041

isolation provided by Solaris Zones, 58

simplifying mobility of, 4346

virtualization use cases, 4142

Z

Z3S (ZFS Storage), 296

ZA (Zone administrator), 109110

ZFS

accessing ZFS pool, 108

adding file systems to Solaris Zones, 7678

cloud storage, 266267

database storage, 293

integrating Solaris Zones with, 6364

storing Solaris Zones, 124

VirtualBox support for, 211212

Zone administrator (ZA), 109110

Zones. See Oracle Solaris Zones

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