Index
A
ACPI shutdown, stopping virtual machines, 239
Adaptive replacement cache (ARC), limiting size of, 211–212
Addresses. See also IP
detecting MAC addresses, 143–144
managing multiple address spaces, 340–342
Administrative boundaries, 293–294
Administrators
managing Solaris Zones, 67
zone administrator (ZA), 109–110
Agents, Ops Center, 251
Applications of virtualization
administrative boundaries, 293–294
CPU management, 291
fault isolation, 294
identity and naming services, 290
overview of, 289
security services, 290
shared memory, 293
storage, 293
summary, 294
ARC (Adaptive replacement cache), limiting size of, 211–212
Architecture
Asynchronous workloads, virtualization use case, 40–41
architecture of OpenStack, 257–258
architecture of Ops Center, 250–251
computing virtualization, 260–264
elastic virtual switch in cloud networking, 264–266
global zones, 253
layered virtualization, 255–256
multimode environment, 269–271
Oracle Solaris and OpenStack, 258–260
overview of, 249
recovery, 255
server pools, 254
single-system prototype environment, 269
virtualization controllers, 251–252
Availability
kernel zones and, 57
networking and, 107
B
Backup and restore, virtualization for, 8
BIOS firmware, in VirtualBox, 208–209
Boot environment (BE)
Boundaries
Brand property, Solaris Zones, 63
Bursty workloads, virtualization use case, 41–42
Business agility
advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 280
advantages of zone technology, 277
choosing virtualization technology, 276
reasons for using virtualization, 8
C
CD-ROM images
installing guest operating system, 221–223
support in VirtualBox, 205–206
CDoms. See Control domains (CDoms)
Chip multhreading technology (CMT), 131, 133
Cinder service
central management of storage, 266–267
integrating Solaris with OpenStack, 259
Storage Unified Resource Identifier and, 263
Clock skew, in evolution of virtualization, 334–335
Cloning
virtual machine from command line, 245–246
virtual machine with GUI wizard, 242–245
Cloud computing. See also Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI)
networking using elastic virtual switch, 264–266
OpenStack as foundation for IaaS cloud, 256
OpenStack deployment options, 267–268
pooled server farm as private cloud, 324–325
private clouds, 302
virtualization supporting, 9, 276
Cloud Control, Oracle Enterprise Manager, 249, 305–306
CMT (Chip multhreading technology), 131, 133
Command-line interface (CLI)
cloning virtual machines, 245–246
comparing with GUI, 224
creating Solaris 11 guest, 229–233
creating Windows 10 guest, 223–229
installing guest additions, 235–237
interacting with VirtualBox, 197–198
Compatibility
advantages of hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280
advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279
advantages of zone technology, 278
choosing virtualization technology, 274
Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS), 328
Computers, virtualization supporting better utilization, 4–5
COMSTAR cloud storage, 266–267
Configuring Solaris Zones, 68–70
Connectivity, resiliency and, 142–143
Console, Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 147–148
Consolidation. See also Workload consolidation
configuring CPU utilization, 311–312
creating Solaris Zones, 312–314
planning in Solaris Zones, 310–311
reasons for using virtualization, 2–4
testing Solaris Zones, 314–315
Constraints, domain, 140
Containers. See Oracle Solaris Zones
domain roles, 135
in SPARC M series processors, 186
virtualization controllers, 251
Controls, security, 322
Controls, zone
choosing, 91
configuring resource pools, 85–88
Fair Share Scheduler (FSS), 88–89
memory controls, 93
miscellaneous controls, 100–101
physical memory tools, 95
physical memory usage monitoring, 95–98
resource controls for kernel zones, 117
shared and locked memory monitoring, 98–100
virtual memory usage monitoring, 93–95
CPU threads (strands), 133, 140–142
assigning resources, 132–134, 140–142
assigning virtual CPUs to guests, 200–201
chip multhreading technology, 131, 133
configuring dynamic resource pools, 85–88
configuring utilization, 311–312
controlling kernel zone resources, 117
dynamic reconfiguration, 137, 156–157
Fair Share Scheduler (FSS), 88–89
managing using virtualization, 291
number of processor supported by SPARC M6, 180–181
number of processor supported by SPARC M7, 182–184
performance overhead, 274
problem of nested CPU resource manager, 336–337
relieving scalability constraints, 48–49
SPARC M7 servers and, 176
utilization by asynchronous workloads, 41
virtualization improving utilization, 3
Cryptographic accelerator, on SPARC processors, 148
CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System), 328
Customer examples, of Solaris virtualization
combining Oracle VM Server for SPARC with Solaris Zones, 325
pooled server farm as private cloud, 324–325
scaling up process in financial institution, 323–324
summary, 326
D
Data Link Multipathing (DLMP), 107
Database as a Service (DBaaS), 302
Database zones
applying virtualization to, 289–290
fault isolation, 294
identity and naming services, 290
managing CPUs, 291
security services, 290
setting administrative boundaries, 293–294
shared memory, 293
storage, 293
summary, 294
DBaaS (Database as a Service), 302
DCUs (Domain configurable units)
Decision trees, in selecting virtualization technology, 284–285
Dedicated domains, Oracle SuperCluster, 298–300
Defense in depth, security strategy, 316
Delegated administration, in Solaris Zones, 109–110
Deployment
using Unified Archives, 112–113
Devices
kernel zones and, 118
MAC addresses of virtual, 143–144
reconfigurating dynamically, 156–157
resiliency of disk devices, 145–146
viewing, 153
virtual network devices, 142, 206–208
DIMM sparing feature, SPARC M series, 190
Direct device access, Solaris Zones for, 108
Direct I/O (DIO), 139
Create Virtual Hard Disk Wizard, 218–220
dynamic reconfiguration, 156–157
Disk images, VirtualBox
DLMP (Data Link Multipathing), 107
Domain configurable units (DCUs)
Domains
console and open boot, 147–148
control. See Control domains (CDoms)
Domain configurable units (DCUs), 173–175, 176–178
guest. See Guest domains
I/O. See I/O domains
installing Solaris in, 153–154
logical. See Logical domains (LDoms)
physical. See Physical domains (PDoms)
resources of, 132
viewing configuration, 156
viewing domain devices, 153
Double paging, controlling thrashing and, 338
Dynamic physical domains, 184–185
Dynamic reconfiguration
of memory, 137
Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 156–157
Dynamic resource management, 158
Dynamic resource pools
E
EFI (Extended Firmware Interface), in VirtualBox, 208–209
Elastic Virtual Switch (EVS), OpenStack, 265–266
Elasticity. See Scalability
Encryption
Oracle Transparent Data Encryption, 290
security features in SECI, 306–307
Engineered Systems. See Oracle Engineered Systems
Enterprise controller, Ops Center, 250
EVS (Elastic Virtual Switch), OpenStack, 265–266
Exadata storage servers, in Oracle SuperCluster, 296
Exalytics In-Memory Machine, 308–309
Expansion racks, SPARC M7 servers, 303–304
Extended Firmware Interface (EFI), in VirtualBox, 208–209
Extension Packs, VirtualBox, 226–227
F
Failure isolation. See also Fault isolation
operating system virtualization (OSV), 25–26
Type 1 hypervisors, 19
Type 2 hypervisors, 22
Fair Share Scheduler (FSS)
choosing CPU controls, 91
controlling CPU usage, 300
making default scheduler, 311
problem of nested CPU resource manager and, 336
Fans, redundancy, 189
advantages of hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280
advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279
advantages of VirtualBox, 281
advantages of zone technology, 276
applying virtualization to, 294
hardware and electrical, 171
via physical domains, 189
Fault Management Architecture (FMA), 56
File systems
adding to Solaris Zones, 76–78
archiving, 122
integrating Solaris Zones with IPS and ZFS, 63–64
kernel zones and, 118
Financial institutions, scaling up with virtualization, 323–324
Firmware, Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 149
Flexibility
characteristics of virtualization models, 10–11
hardware partitioning solutions, 14–15
operating system virtualization (OSV), 28
Type 1 hypervisors, 19
Type 2 hypervisors, 23
FMA (Fault Management Architecture), 56
Full clone option, VirtualBox, 242
Functional tests, virtualization use case, 42
G
Global zones
managing, 67
Ops Center configuration options, 253
security boundaries, 60
VirtualBox running in, 210
virtualization controllers, 251
Graphical user interface (GUI)
cloning virtual machine, 242–245
comparing with CLI, 224
creating guest machine, 216–221
installing guest addition, 233–235
interacting with VirtualBox, 197–198
booting, 156
migrating, 167
SPARC M series processors, 186–187
Guests
creating guest machine, 216–221
creating Solaris 11 guest, 229–233
creating Windows 10 guest, 223–229
installing guest additions, 233–237
installing guest operating system, 221–223
managing in Type 1 hypervisors, 19
managing in Type 2 hypervisors, 23
migrating between hosts, 254–255
Oracle Solaris as, 215
RAM requirements and management, 201–202
supported options, 194
synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335
user interface options, 208–209
virtual CPUs assignments, 200–201
virtual network devices, 206–208
GUI. See Graphical user interface (GUI)
H
HA (high availability)
kernel zones and, 57
networking and, 107
planning resource use and availability, 308
Handshaking mechanisms, controlling thrashing and, 339
Hard disks. See Disk drives
Hardware
automatic recovery, 255
maintaining legacy system on new hardware, 46
operating system virtualization and, 27–28
Oracle SuperCluster architecture and components, 296
planning use and availability, 307
Solaris Zones and, 125
choosing virtualization technology, 13–16, 280–281
isolation/flexibility spectrum, 11
relative strengths of, 16
types of virtualization approaches, 2
HBA (Host bus adapter)
disk device resiliency and, 145
High availability (HA)
kernel zones and, 57
networking and, 107
planning resource use and availability, 308
Host bus adapter (HBA)
disk device resiliency and, 145
Hosts
installing on Oracle Solaris, 212–215
migrating guests between, 254–255
Hypervisors. See also Virtual machines (VMs)
comparing full and paravirtualization, 23–24
performance overhead, 274
relative strengths of, 24
SPARC use of, 134
synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335
time-splicing CPUs among virtual machines, 132
in VirtualBox, 193
I
I/O
dynamic reconfiguration of I/O devices, 137
planning resource use and availability, 308
redundancy, 190
service domains, 305
accessing physical I/O devices, 136
domain roles, 135
I/O units (IOU)
IaaS. See Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Identity, applying virtualization to, 290
Image Package System (IPS)
integration of OpenStack with Solaris, 260
integration of Solaris Zones with IPS and ZFS, 63–64
zone packaging features and functions, 64–66
Immutable Kernel Zone
configuring, 129
making kernel zone immutable, 116
Immutable Zones
creating, 315
read-only Solaris Zones, 78
zone-related authorization, 110
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
cloud computing service models, 302–303
OpenStack as foundation for IaaS cloud, 256
virtualization supporting, 9
Installing
guest operating system, 221–223
Instructions
impact of instruction emulation on performance of virtual machines, 332–334
synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335
Internet service provider (ISP), hosting web services, 285–286
IOU (I/O units)
exclusive-IP Solaris Zones, 105–106
shared-IP Solaris Zones, 106–107
IP Multipathing (IPMP), 107
Isolation. See also Fault isolation; Hardware partitioning
advantages of hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280
advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279
advantages of VirtualBox, 281–282
advantages of zone technology, 276, 278
characteristics of virtualization models, 10–11
choosing virtualization technology, 13–14, 273–274
industry example of hardware isolation using, 16–17
operating system virtualization and, 25–26
reasons for using virtualization, 2
Type 1 hypervisors, 19
Type 2 hypervisors, 22
virtualization technologies on SPARC servers, 178–180
of workloads, 58
ISP (Internet service provider), hosting web services, 285–286
K
Kernel zones. See Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones
L
Layered virtualization, Ops Center, 255–256
LDCs (Logical domain channels), 134, 138
LDoms. See Logical domains (LDoms)
Least recently used (LRU) algorithm, thrashing and, 338–339
Legacy systems, maintaining on new hardware, 46
Lightweight processes (LWPs), limiting number of, 100–101
Linked clone option, VirtualBox, 242
Live migration
Live zone reconfiguration, Solaris Zones management features, 110–112
Locked memory
Logical domain channels (LDCs), 134, 138
Logical Domain Manager
as constraint manager, 136
detecting MAC addresses, 143–144
dynamic reconfiguration, 156–157
hypervisor-based technologies, 171–172
isolation of operating system, 178–180
logical domain channels (LDCs), 134
Logical Domain Manager, 143–144
logical physical domains, 185–188
Oracle SuperCluster and, 297–300
service domains, 305
SPARC and, 278 See also Oracle VM Server for SPARC
LRU (Least recently used) algorithm, thrashing and, 338–339
LWPs (Lightweight processes), limiting number of, 100–101
M
MAC addresses, of virtual network devices, 143–144
Management. See also Ops Center; Service Management Facility (SMF)
challenges in architectural evolution of virtualization, 331
of memory and RAM. See Memory management
platform management, 29
of resources. See Resource management
virtualization management features, 109–110, 113–114
Management, of kernel zones
overview of, 118
suspending, resuming, and deploying, 119
Management, of zones
delegated administration, 109–110
global zones, 67
halting, 72
live zone reconfiguration, 110–112
virtualization management features, 113–114
redundancy in PDOMs, 190
SPARC M7 servers, 176
Memory controls
managing kernel zones, 119
overview of, 93
physical memory tools, 95
physical memory usage monitoring, 95–98
shared and locked memory tools, 98–99
shared and locked memory usage monitoring, 99–100
virtual memory usage monitoring, 94–95
applying virtualization to, 291–292
controlling thrashing, 337–340
multiple address spaces and, 340–342
Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 148–149
setting cap on, 321
Microsoft Windows 10, as VirtualBox guest, 223–229
Migration
of guests between hosts, 254–255
live migration of VirtualBox guests, 246–247
Monitoring
shared and locked memory, 99–100
Most recently used (MRU) algorithm, thrashing and, 339
Multimode environment, OpenStack, 269–271
Multiplexed I/O (MPXIO), 145
N
Namespaces, Solaris Zones, 62–63
Naming services, applying virtualization to, 290
NAT (Network Address Translation), 207
Nested Page Tables (NPT), 342
Network Address Translation (NAT), 207
Network interfaces (NICs)
aggregating, 107
managing, 292
overview of, 103
Networking
applying virtualization to, 292–293
cloud networking using elastic virtual switch, 264–266
connectivity and resiliency, 142–143
exclusive-IP Solaris Zones, 105–106
highly availability, 107
kernel zones, 118
overview of, 103
shared-IP Solaris Zones, 105–106
virtual network devices, 142, 206–208
virtual networks and Solaris Zones, 103–105
Neutron service
integrating Solaris with OpenStack, 259
OpenStack and, 263
Non-executable pages, VirtualBox support, 201
NPT (Nested Page Tables), 342
O
OEM. See Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
Open Boot, Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 147–148
OpenStack
cloud networking using elastic virtual switch, 264–266
computing virtualization with Solaris Zones, 260–264
core service modules, 258
multimode environment, 269–271
single-system prototype environment, 269
summary, 271
Operating system virtualization (OSV). See also Oracle Solaris Zones
factors in choosing virtualization type, 25–29
isolation/flexibility spectrum, 11
kernel zones and, 114
relative strengths of, 29–30, 125–126
types of virtualization approaches, 2
choosing virtualization technology, 275
creating Solaris 11 guest, 229–233
creating Windows 10 guest, 223–229
factors in choosing hardware partitioning, 14
fault isolation, 189
fine-grained modification (virtualization use case), 49
guest platform in VirtualBox, 198–199
isolation on SPARC servers, 178–180
maintaining legacy system on new hardware, 46
OSV. See Operating system virtualization (OSV)
Type 1 hypervisors, 19
Type 2 hypervisors, 22
using Solaris as VirtualBox guest, 215
VirtualBox supported, 194
workload consolidation and, 5–7
automatic recovery, 255
global zones, 253
layered virtualization, 255–256
management interface for SECI environments, 304
Oracle VM Manager and, 163–168
server pools, 254
summary, 255
virtualization controllers, 251–252
Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure. See Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI)
SuperCluster. See Oracle SuperCluster
virtualization with, 295
Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
Ops Center. See Ops Center
Oracle Exalytics (Exalytics In-Memory Machine), 308–309
Oracle Solaris
creating Solaris 11 guest, 229–233
as VirtualBox guest, 215
Oracle Solaris Binary Application Guarantee, 121
computing virtualization, 260–264
creating and basic properties of, 115–116
defined, 54
file systems and devices and, 118
networking and, 118
overview of, 114
packaging and, 116
resource controls, 117
security boundaries, 116
suspending, resuming, and deploying, 119
boot environments, 66
brand property, 63
choosing CPU controls, 91
choosing virtualization technology, 276–278
clock skew issues and, 335
computing virtualization, 260–264
configuring immutable zones, 129
configuring resource pools, 85–88
delegated administration, 109–110
deploying zones, 66–67, 112–113
direct device access, 108
Fair Share Scheduler (FSS), 88–89
halting zones, 72
highly available networking, 107
hosting on dedicated and I/O domains, 300–301
implementing security hardened zones, 318–322
installing and booting zones, 70–72
integrating Solaris with OpenStack, 259
isolating programs on SPARC servers, 178–180
isolation provided by, 58
live zone reconfiguration, 110–112
managing zones, 67
memory controls, 93
miscellaneous controls, 100–101
networking and, 103
Oracle VM Server for SPARC and, 168–169
physical domains and, 188
physical memory tools, 95
physical memory usage monitoring, 95–98
planning resource use and availability, 307
privileges and security boundaries, 59–62
running in VirtualBox, 210
shared and locked memory tools, 98–99
shared and locked memory usage monitoring, 99–100
summary, 126
virtual memory usage monitoring, 94–95
virtualization management features, 109
Oracle Solaris Zones, consolidating virtualization applications
configuring CPU utilization, 311–312
Oracle Solaris Zones, for security hardening
implementing hardened zones, 318–322
steps in, 318
summary, 323
testing zones, 322
hardware architecture, 296
overview of, 295
virtualization architecture, 297
Oracle Transparent Data Encryption, 290
Oracle VM Managers, Ops Center, 163–168
assigning CPU resources, 132–134, 140–142
choosing virtualization technology, 278–280
combining with Solaris Zones, 325
configuring control domain, 150–151
console and open boot, 147–148
creating guest domain, 151–153
cryptographic accelerator, 148
disk device resiliency, 145–146
domain configuration and resources, 140
dynamic reconfiguration, 137, 156–157
dynamic resource management, 158
features and implementation, 131–132, 134–135
installing Solaris in a domain, 153–154
network connectivity and resiliency, 142–143
Oracle VM Managers and Ops Center, 163–168
overview of, 131
physical to virtual conversion, 162–163
summary, 169
Type 1 hypervisors, 21
verifying and installing firmware, 149
viewing domain devices, 153
viewing domain from inside, 156
virtual network devices, 142
BIOS firmware and Extended Firmware Interface, 208–209
choosing virtualization technology, 281–282
cloning virtual machines, 242–246
creating guest machines, 216–221
creating Solaris 11 guest, 229–233
creating Windows 10 guest, 223–229
installing guest additions, 233–237
installing guest operating system, 221–223
installing on Solaris host, 212–215
live migration of a guest, 246–247
Oracle Solaris as guest, 215
Oracle Solaris as host, 210–212
starting virtual machines, 238–239
stopping virtual machines, 239–242
summary, 247
virtual network devices, 206–208
OSs. See Operating systems (OSs)
OSV. See Operating system virtualization (OSV)
P
P2V (Physical to Virtual) tool, 162–163
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
cloud computing service models, 302
virtualization supporting, 9
Packages/packaging
IPS features and functions, 64–65
kernel zones, 116
Page Descriptor Cache (PDC), 340
Page table entry (PTE), 340–341
Paravirtualization, comparing full virtualization with, 23–24
Partition management. See also Hardware partitioning, 16
PCIe root domain, 139, 186–187
PDC (Page Descriptor Cache), 340
PDoms. See Physical domains (PDoms)
Performance
advantages of hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280
advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279
advantages of zone technology, 277
challenges in architectural evolution of virtualization, 331
instruction emulation impact on, 332–334
overhead, 274
requirements in selecting virtualization technologies, 283
virtualization use cases, 43
choosing virtualization technology, 178–179, 280–281
fault isolation, 189
for isolation of hardware on SPARC servers, 178–180
Oracle SuperCluster and, 297
Solaris Zones and, 188
static, 184
summary, 191
Physical memory
tools, 95
Physical to Virtual (P2V) tool, 162–163
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
cloud computing service models, 302
virtualization supporting, 9
Platform management, 29
Power supplies, redundancy, 189
Preferences, in selecting virtualization technologies, 283–284
Private clouds. See also Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI), 302
Privileges
as basis of zone security boundary, 59–62
implementing security boundaries, 290
list of zone privileges, 61
modifying Solaris Zones, 73–74
not allowed in Solaris Zones, 62
security hardening and, 315, 319–320
Processor cache, in SPARC systems, 133
Processors. See CPUs
Programs. See Software (programs)
Properties
security-related, 62
zone brand property, 63
Provisioning, flexible, rapid, 47–48
Proxy controllers, Ops Center, 250–251
PTE (page table entry), 340–341
Q
QDR 40 Gb/s InfiniBand network, 296
R
RAM. See also Memory
controlling thrashing and, 338
dynamic reconfiguration, 137
managing kernel zones, 119
managing multiple address spaces, 340–341
relieving scalability constraints, 48–49
setting cap on, 321
settings in VirtualBox, 201–202
RBAC (Role-Based Access Control), 307
Recovery, automatic recovery with Ops Center, 255
Redundancy, for fault isolation, 189–190
Resource controls, kernel zones, 117
applying virtualization to, 290–291
assigning CPU resources, 132–134, 140–142
configuring resource pools, 85–88
in consolidated systems, 10
CPU management, 291
dynamic, 158
Fair Share Scheduler (FSS), 88–89
memory controls, 93
miscellaneous controls, 100–101
networking management, 292–293
physical memory tools, 95
physical memory usage monitoring, 95–98
planning resource use and availability, 307–308
problem of nested CPU resource manager, 336–337
security hardening and, 315, 321
selecting virtualization technologies, 283
shared and locked memory tools, 98–99
shared and locked memory usage monitoring, 99–100
shared memory management, 293
storage management, 293
virtual memory usage monitoring, 94–95
Resource pooling
dynamic pools in Solaris Zones, 82–85
reasons for using virtualization, 9
Resources
choosing virtualization technology, 275
dynamic resource types, 111–112
security-related zone properties, 62
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), 307
Root domains
PCIe root domain, 139
SPARC M series processors, 186–187
S
SaaS (Software as a Service), 9
advantages of zone technology, 277
choosing virtualization technology, 275
factors in choosing hardware partitioning, 15–16
operating system virtualization and, 29
reasons for using virtualization, 9
Type 1 hypervisors, 19
virtualization use case relieving scalability constraints, 48–49
SCSI controllers, in VirtualBox, 203
Seamless Mode, VirtualBox
installing guest additions, 233
supported features, 194
SECI (Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure). See Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI)
Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure (SECI)
planning resource use and availability, 307–308
service domains, 305
summary, 308
Security
advantages of zone technology, 276
applying virtualization to security services, 290
configurable characteristics (virtualization use case), 49–50
consolidated system boundary requirements, 10
controls, 322
isolation, 274
reasons for using virtualization, 8
Security boundaries
implementing with privileges, 290
kernel zones, 116
Security hardening
implementing hardened Solaris Zones, 318–322
steps in, 318
summary, 323
testing Solaris Zones, 322
Security isolation
advantages of hardware partitioning, 280
advantages of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 279
advantages of VirtualBox, 282
factors in choosing hardware partitioning solutions, 14
Type 1 hypervisors, 19
Type 2 hypervisors, 22
Server pools
Ops Center, 254
pooled server farm as private cloud, 324–325
Secure Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure and, 305–306
Servers
SPARC M6. See SPARC M6 servers
SPARC M7. See SPARC M7 servers
T5-8 server platform, 309
VM Server for SPARC. See Oracle VM Server for SPARC
Service domains
domain roles, 135
providing I/O services, 305
Service Management Facility (SMF)
configuring services for Solaris Zones, 315
configuring Solaris Zones, 317
integration of OpenStack with Solaris, 259–260
managing Solaris Zones, 63
Service processors, redundancy, 189
Shared Clipboard, VirtualBox
installing guest additions, 233
overview of, 194
Shared memory
applying virtualization to, 293
Single root virtualization (SR-IOV), 139
Single-system environment, OpenStack, 269
SMF. See Service Management Facility (SMF)
Snapshots
stopping virtual machines in VirtualBox, 239
testing and, 43
Software as a Service (SaaS)
cloud computing service models, 302
virtualization supporting, 9
automatic recovery, 255
development as virtualization use cases, 41–42
fault isolation, 189
infrastructure in OSV, 28
isolation on SPARC servers, 178–180
planning resource use and availability, 307
Solaris Containers. See Oracle Solaris Zones
Solaris multiplexed I/O (MPXIO), 145
Solaris Trusted Extensions, 54, 60
Solaris Zones. See Oracle Solaris Zones
SPARC
chip multhreading technology, 133
CPU resource pools, 87
Exalytics version, 309
example of paravirtualization, 23
impact of instruction emulation on performance of virtual machines, 333–334
kernel zones relying on hardware support for, 114
Oracle VM Server for. See Oracle VM Server for SPARC
Page Descriptor Cache (PDC), 340–341
Solaris 11 EAL 4+ security certification for, 60
strengths of Solaris Zones, 125
managing from Ops Center, 190–191
hardware architecture in Oracle SuperCluster, 296
managing from Ops Center, 190–191
static domains, 184
SR-IOV (single root virtualization), 139
Static physical domains, 184
Storage
adding file systems to Solaris Zones, 76–78
alternative root storage, 75–76
applying virtualization to, 293
read-only Solaris Zones, 78–79
Solaris Zones, 75
strengths of Solaris Zones, 125
Strands (CPU threads), 133, 140–142
SuperCluster. See Oracle SuperCluster
Switches, cloud networking using elastic virtual switch, 264–266
Synthetic instructions, for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335
System virtualization. See also Operating system virtualization (OSV); Virtualization
comparing full virtualization and paravirtualization, 23–24
early versions of hypervisors, 328–330
emergence of virtual machines, 330–331
factors in choosing virtualization type, 13–16
industry example of hardware isolation using, 16–17
summary, 343
then and now, why and how, 327–328
virtual machines, 17
what it is, 1
T
T5-8 server platform, Exalytics based on, 309
Teleportation feature, VirtualBox, 246–247
Testing and staging environments, virtualization use case, 42–43
Thrashing, controlling, 337–340
TLB (translation lookaside buffer), 340–342
Translation lookaside buffer (TLB), 340–342
Trusted Extensions, Solaris Zones as basis of, 54, 60
Type 1 hypervisors. See also Hypervisors, 11–12
Type 2 hypervisors. See also Hypervisors, 11–12, 281
U
UIDs (user identification numbers), mapping namespaces to, 62–63
Unified Archives
deploying Solaris Zones, 112–113
integrating Solaris Zones with OpenStack, 259
Usage monitoring
shared and locked memory, 99–100
configurable security characteristics, 49–50
controlling resource sharing, 34–38
fine-grained modification of operating system, 49
flexible, rapid provisioning, 47–48
maintaining legacy system on new hardware, 46
relieving scalability constraints, 48–49
simplifying mobility of workloads, 43–46
testing and staging environments, 42–43
User identification numbers (UIDs), mapping namespaces to, 62–63
V
VCPUs (Virtual CPUs), 140–142, 200–201
VDRE (Virtual Remote Desktop Extension), 194–195, 226–229
VEs (virtual environments). See also Virtualization, 2
VFs (Virtual functions), 139
VIO (Virtual I/O). See Virtual I/O (VIO)
Virtual CPUs (vCPUs), 140–142, 200–201
Virtual disks, 144–145, 202–206
Virtual environments (VEs). See also Virtualization, 2
Virtual functions (VFs), 139
dynamic reconfiguration, 157
performance overhead, 274
service domains, 305
Virtual LANs (VLANs), security features in SECI, 307
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), in VirtualBox, 195–196
cloning VirtualBox virtual machine from command line, 245–246
cloning with VirtualBox GUI wizard, 242–245
comparing full virtualization and paravirtualization, 23–24
editing, 166
history of virtualization, 328
instruction emulation impact on performance, 332–334
isolation/flexibility spectrum, 11
kernel zones and, 114
Oracle VM Server for SPARC and, 131
overview of, 17
relative strengths of hypervisors, 24
Solaris Zones compared with, 57
starting with VirtualBox, 238–239
stopping with VirtualBox, 239–242
synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335
types of virtualization approaches, 2
VirtualBox. See Oracle VM VirtualBox
VM Server for SPARC. See Oracle VM Server for SPARC
controlling thrashing and, 337–340
managing multiple address spaces, 340–341
setting cap on, 321
Virtual network devices
overview of, 142
Virtual network interfaces (VNICs)
aggregation, 107
connecting to tenant networks, 264
overview of, 103
resource management, 292
Virtual networking
OpenStack, 265
Virtual-processor identifiers (VPIDs), 342
Virtual Remote Desktop Extension (VDRE), 194–195, 226–229
Virtual Remote Desktop Protocol (VRDP), 194–195, 226–227
Virtual switches, cloud networking using elastic virtual switch, 264–266
VirtualBox. See Oracle VM VirtualBox
applying. See Applications of virtualization
architecture in Oracle SuperCluster, 297
automating. See Automating virtualization
comparing full virtualization and paravirtualization, 23–24
computing with Solaris Zones, 260–264
controllers in Ops Center, 251–252
factors in choosing operating system virtualization, 25–29
industry example of hardware isolation using, 16–17
operating system virtualization (OSV), 24–25
physical to virtual conversion, 162–163
relative strengths of operating system virtualization, 29–30
summary, 30
supports cloud computing, 9
system virtualization. See System virtualization
use cases. See Use cases (virtualization)
virtual machines, 17
Virtualization, history and architectural evolution
controlling thrashing, 337–340
early versions of hypervisors, 328–330
emergence of virtual machines, 330–331
instruction emulation impact on performance, 332–334
managing multiple address spaces, 340–342
performance and management challenges, 331
problem of nested CPU resource manager, 336–337
summary, 343
synthetic instructions for guest-hypervisor service protocols, 335
then and now, why and how, 327–328
Virtualization, selecting technology
for consolidating large, mission-critical workloads, 285
for consolidating mixed workloads, 286–287
decision tree approach, 284–285
hardware partitioning and physical domains, 280–281
for hosting web services, 285–286
Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 278–280
overview of, 273
physical domains (PDoms), 178–179
starting with requirements, 282–283
strengths and weaknesses, 273–276
summary, 287
Virtualization, Solaris Zones management features
delegated administration, 109–110
live zone reconfiguration, 110–112
overview of, 109
VLANs (Virtual LANs), security features in SECI, 307
VM. See Virtual memory (VM)
VM Server. See Oracle VM Server for SPARC
VM VirtualBox. See Oracle VM VirtualBox
VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor), in VirtualBox, 195–196
VMs. See Virtual machines (VMs)
VNICs. See Virtual network interfaces (VNICs)
VPIDs (Virtual-processor identifiers), 342
VRDP (Virtual Remote Desktop Protocol), 194–195, 226–227
W
Warm migration, 44
Web browsers, testing Solaris Zones, 314–315
Web services
adding Apache web server to Solaris, 313–314
Windows 10, as VirtualBox guest, 223–229
of large, mission-critical workloads, 285
reasons for using virtualization, 3, 5–7, 8–9
summary, 40
types of resource controls, 34–38
Workloads
isolation provided by Solaris Zones, 58
simplifying mobility of, 43–46
virtualization use cases, 41–42
Z
Z3S (ZFS Storage), 296
ZA (Zone administrator), 109–110
ZFS
accessing ZFS pool, 108
adding file systems to Solaris Zones, 76–78
database storage, 293
integrating Solaris Zones with, 63–64
storing Solaris Zones, 124
VirtualBox support for, 211–212
Zone administrator (ZA), 109–110
Zones. See Oracle Solaris Zones