mod_perl is a Perl runtime library linked into the Apache server. With mod_perl, the Perl programmer has access to Apache’s C language API through an object-oriented Perl interface. This means that you can write Apache modules and extensions entirely in Perl and embed Perl code and custom directives in your Apache configuration files. Furthermore, the embedded Perl interpreter removes the overhead that you’d experience if you’d merely written a Perl CGI program and put it in Apache’s cgi-bin.

Aside from the framework mentioned above, another major benefit of mod_perl is the Apache::Registry module. Apache::Registry implements the CGI environment under the mod_perl framework, which means that you can reuse most of your existing Perl CGI programs to realize the benefits of mod_perl. Apache::Registry caches compiled scripts on the first execution of a script and updates scripts that have changed on disk.

Finally, mod_perl gives the Perl programmer the ability to interact with all stages of an HTTP request, many of which aren’t available through CGI. These include the Apache handler phase, the HTTP header parser, URI translation, authentication, authorization, access (permissions), type checking, fixup, and logger stages.

Now that you’ve been subjected to two rather optimistic paragraphs, we’ll take a few moments to appease the cynics. It might occur to you that sticking a large program into another large program makes a very, very large program. mod_perl certainly makes httpd significantly bigger. If you have limited memory capacity, mod_perl may not be for you. There are several ways to minimize the size of Apache with mod_perl (which you can find in the mod_perl manpage or the FAQs), ranging from fiddling with Apache configuration directives to building Perl with reduced memory consumption.