Synopsis

substr string, pos, [n, replacement]

Extracts and returns a substring n characters long, starting at character position pos, from a given string. If pos is negative, the substring starts that far from the end of the string instead. If n is omitted, everything to the end of the string is returned. If n is negative, the length is calculated to leave that many characters off the end of the string.

You can use substr( ) as an lvalue—replacing the delimited substring with a new string—if string is given as an lvalue. You can also specify a replacement string in the fourth parameter to replace the substring. The original extracted substring is still returned.