building an interface between Struts actions and an application tier, Struts and Enterprise JavaBeans
redundant code in a web application, Using Tiles
Struts actions interacting directly with entity beans, The Session Façade

Digester component, The Digester Component

directories

guidelines for Struts applications, The Web Application Directory Structure
structure for the storefront web application, The Web Application Directory Structure
subdirectories and, The Web Application Directory Structure

DispatchAction class, Struts Action Classes

defined, The org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction class
example of shopping-cart functionality, The org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction class

distributed application, DTOs in, Struts Model Components

distributions (binary versus source)

binary, building Struts from, Installing the Binary Distribution, Installing the Binary Distribution
source, building Struts from, Building Struts from the Source Distribution, Building Struts from the Source Distribution

DOCTYPE element, Specifying a DOCTYPE Element

Document Type Definition (see DTD)

doGet( ) method, ActionServlet class, The ActionServlet Class

doPost( ) method, ActionServlet class, The ActionServlet Class

downloading and installing Struts, Downloading and Installing Struts, Tips on Installing Struts in JRun

DTD (Document Type Definition), Web Application Deployment Descriptor DTD

child elements, multiplicity symbols of, Web Application Deployment Descriptor DTD
DOCTYPE element, Specifying a DOCTYPE Element
Struts configuration DTD, The Struts Configuration DTD

DTO (Data Transfer Object) pattern, The Data Transfer Object pattern

EJB-based models, and, The Business Interface

DTOs (data transfer objects), Struts Model Components

and ActionForms, difference between, Using the Struts ActionForm
banking application (example), Struts Model Components
in a distributed application, Struts Model Components
UserView class, storefront application (example), The Action Class

Dumoulin, Cedric, Overview of Tiles, Tiles Site

DynaActionForm class, Using the Struts ActionForm, The form-beans element, Using the DynaActionForm Class, Performing Validation with the DynaActionForm

configuring, Configuring Dynamic ActionForms
form tag, and, The form Tag
performing validation with, Performing Validation with the DynaActionForm

dynamic action forms, The form-beans element

dynamic content

rendering, Struts View Components
versus static content, Understanding Templates

dynamic proxies, Using Dynamic Proxies, Conclusion

implementation of the storefront service, Using Dynamic Proxies, Using Dynamic Proxies

DynaValidatorActionForm class, The validation.xml file, Using an ActionForm with the Validator

DynaValidatorForm class, Using an ActionForm with the Validator

E

e-Test Suite, Performance- and Stress-Testing Tools

EAR files, Web Application Archive Files

EAServer, What Are Java Servlets?

Easy Struts Project, Easy Struts Project

EIS (Enterprise Information System), An Architecture Overview

tier, The Enterprise Information System Tier

EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans), What Are Java Servlets?

and Struts, Struts and Enterprise JavaBeans, Conclusion

applications and session beans, Requirements for Business Objects

entity beans, A Quick EJB Overview

interacting directly with Struts actions, The Session Façade

interfacing Struts to, Interfacing Struts to EJB, Conclusion

interfacing to a model built using, Struts and Enterprise JavaBeans

message-driven beans, A Quick EJB Overview

overview, A Quick EJB Overview

performance impact, The MVC Model

resources, packaging with Struts, Packaging EJB Resources with Struts

session beans, A Quick EJB Overview

stateless implementation, Stateless Session Bean Implementation, Stateless Session Bean Implementation

session façade, The Session Façade

defining the remote interface for, The Business Interface

ejb-jar.xml file, JBoss Deployment

deployment descriptor for the storefront session bean, JBoss Deployment

ejbCreate( ) callback method, Stateless Session Bean Implementation

EJBHomeFactory class, Managing EJB Home and Remote References, What about the remote references?

getInstance( ) method, Implementing an EJBHomeFactory
implementation (example), Implementing an EJBHomeFactory
using in a business delegate, Using an EJBHomeFactory in a business delegate

EJBObject interface, The Business Interface

ejbRemove( ) method, Stateless Session Bean Implementation

EL (new expression language), A New Expression Language

encapsulating the authentication behind the security service, Struts Model Components

enctype attribute, form tag (HTML tag library), The enctype attribute

Enterprise Information System (see EIS)

Enterprise JavaBeans (see EJB)

entity beans, A Quick EJB Overview

interacting directly with Struts actions, The Session Façade

entity business objects, Requirements for Business Objects

Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagrams, The conceptual model

error

handling in web.xml file, Configuring Error Handling in web.xml, Configuring Error Handling in web.xml
messages, Using ActionErrors
pages, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor

error-page element, Configuring Error Handling in web.xml

errors tag, custom tag (HTML tag library), The messages and errors Tags

event business objects, Requirements for Business Objects

event handlers, JavaScript, JavaScript Event Handlers

event listeners, Using Event Listeners, Packaging the event listener

creating, Creating an Event Listener
declaring in the deployment descriptor, Declaring the event listener in the deployment descriptor
example of an event listener class that initializes a logging service, Creating the event listener class
packaging, Packaging the event listener

exception chaining, Using Chained Exceptions, Dealing with Multiple Exceptions

Exception class, Checked and Unchecked Exceptions

exception condition, Java Exceptions

exception element, The action-mappings element, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

exception handling, Exception Handling, Conclusion

custom tags, and, Exceptions in Custom Tags

declarative, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

default exception-handler class, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

exception class that supports a message key and arguments (example), Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

in Struts, Struts Action Classes

internationalization, and, Internationalized Exception Handling, Exception Handling and Internationalization

Java, Java Exception Handling , Performance Impact of Exception Handling

exceptions defined, Java Exceptions

performance impact of, Performance Impact of Exception Handling

programmatic, Using Programmatic Exception Handling, Using Programmatic Exception Handling

remote exceptions, Handling Remote Exceptions

StorefrontEJBDelegate class, Exception handling

Struts framework, provided by, Exception Handling Provided by Struts, Using Programmatic Exception Handling

exception-type element, substituting for the error-code, Configuring Error Handling in web.xml

ExceptionHandler class, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

exceptions

application, System Versus Application Exceptions

chained, Using Chained Exceptions, Dealing with Multiple Exceptions

exception class that supports chained exceptions (example), Using Chained Exceptions

checked and unchecked, Checked and Unchecked Exceptions

multiple, Dealing with Multiple Exceptions

default exception-handler class, and, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling
exception class that supports multiple nested exceptions (example), Dealing with Multiple Exceptions

systems, System Versus Application Exceptions

execute( ) method, Action class, Struts Action Classes, The Action Class

exploded directory format, What Is Deployment?

Expresso, Expresso, The data-sources element, Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks

extending

ActionServlet class, Extending the ActionServlet Class

base Action class, Extending the Base Action Class

custom tags, Extending Struts Custom Tags

default exception-handler class (example), Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

model components, Extending Model Components

RequestProcessor class, Extending the RequestProcessor Class, Using the processPreprocess( ) method

Struts

configuration classes, Extending the Struts Configuration Classes
framework, Extending the Struts Framework, Downsides to Extending the Framework

the framework, downsides to, Downsides to Extending the Framework

tiles definitions, Extending Tile Definitions

view components, Extending View Components

Extensible Markup Language (see XML)

extension mapping, Using Multiple Application Modules

extension points, What Are Extension Points?, Extending the Base Action Class

controller, Controller Extension Points, Extending the Base Action Class
defined, What Are Extension Points?
general, General Extension Points, Extending the Struts Configuration Classes

external resources, Mapping requests to servlets

F

FastCGI, A Brief History of the Web

field element, The validation.xml file

filter element, Declaring the filter in the deployment descriptor

Filter interface, Creating the filter class

filter-mapping element, Declaring the filter in the deployment descriptor

filters, Using Filters, Packaging the filter

creating, Creating a Filter
creating filter elements, Declaring the filter in the deployment descriptor
declaring in the deployment descriptor, Declaring the filter in the deployment descriptor
definitions and mappings, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor
example filter class, Creating the filter class
filter mapping, Declaring the filter in the deployment descriptor
packaging, Packaging the filter
performing logic with, Using the processPreprocess( ) method
tasks associated with, Using Filters
types, Using Filters

findForward( ) method, ActionMapping class, The ActionForward class

Flood, Performance- and Stress-Testing Tools

form beans, Using the Struts ActionForm

(see also ActionForm class)
defined, The form-beans element
form-property element (example), The form-beans element
section of the configuration file, Using the Struts ActionForm

form element, The validation.xml file

form tag, custom tag (HTML tag library), The form Tag, Using Multiple form Tags

attributes, The form Tag
multiple form tags, Using Multiple form Tags

form-beans element, The form-beans element

form-property element, The form-beans element

formset element, The validation.xml file

forward element, The global-forwards element, The action-mappings element

forward tag, custom tag (Logic tag library), Redirecting and Forwarding

forward( ) method, RequestDispatcher class, Using a Forward

ForwardAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction class

ForwardConfig class, The global-forwards element

forwards, Using a Forward, Using a Forward

servlet that performs a forward when it receives a request (example), Using a Forward
using relative paths in JSP pages, Which Is Best for Struts?
using tiles definitions as forwards in Struts, Using Definitions as Forwards in Struts
versus redirects, Forward Versus Redirect, Which Is Best for Struts?

ForwardServlet (example), Using a Forward

framework, Creation of the Struts Framework

(see also Struts, framework)
building your own, Building Your Own Framework
defined, What Is a Framework?
difference between a software library and a framework, What Is a Framework?
downsides to extending, Downsides to Extending the Framework
how the framework processes an ActionForm, Using the Struts ActionForm

FreeFORM, Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks

Freemarker, Freemarker, Velocity, and WebMacro

FrontierSuite, Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks

functional layers (see architectural tiers)

G

general extension points, General Extension Points, Extending the Struts Configuration Classes

GenericDataSource class, The data-sources element

deprecation of, Deprecation of the GenericDataSource

GenericValidator class, The validation-rules.xml file

GET method (HTTP), The HTTP Request

get tag, custom tag (Tiles tag library), The get Tag

getAsString tag, custom tag (Tiles tag library), The getAsString Tag

getInstance( ) method, EJBHomeFactory class, Implementing an EJBHomeFactory

getKeyMethodMap( ) method, ProcessCheckoutAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.LookupDispatchAction class

getLocale( ) method, Local class, Determining the user’s locale

Gillam, Richard, What Is Internationalization?

global-forwards element, The global-forwards element

Grinder, The, Performance- and Stress-Testing Tools

GUI tools (Struts), The Struts Console

H

HashMap, The Action class cache

header tag, custom tag (Bean tag library), The header Tag

heap sizes, setting, Improperly Tuning the JVM

helper class, The Struts ActionServlet

Holmes, James, The Struts Console Tool, The Struts Console

home interface for the storefront session bean, Stateless Session Bean Implementation

home reference, caching, Managing EJB Home and Remote References

hooks, What Are Extension Points?

Host, HTTP request header field, The HTTP Request

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

documents as view components, HTML documents
hardcoding limitations, What Are Java Servlets?

HTML tag library, Using Custom Tag Libraries, Struts HTML Tags, HTML Navigation Attributes

custom tags, Struts HTML Tags, HTML Navigation Attributes

base tag, The base Tag
button tag, The button and cancel Tags
cancel tag, The button and cancel Tags
checkbox tag, The checkbox Tag
errors tag, The messages and errors Tags
form tag, The form Tag, Using Multiple form Tags
html tag, The html Tag
messages tag, The messages and errors Tags

html tag, custom tag (HTML tag library), The html Tag

HTTP

methods

GET, The HTTP Request
POST, The HTTP Request

request, The HTTP Request

header fields, The HTTP Request

request/response

phase, The HTTP Request/Response Phase, HTTP Versus HTTPS

response

status code categories, The HTTP Response

versus HTTPS, HTTP Versus HTTPS

HttpServlet class, The Struts ActionServlet

HttpServletRequest interface, Request Scope, Using URL Parameters

HttpServletResponse class

sendRedirect( ) method, Using a Redirect

HttpSession class, Session Scope

application events and listener interfaces, Using Event Listeners

Hypertext Markup Language (see HTML)

I

I18N (see internationalization)

IAuthentication interface

banking application (example), A Banking Account Example, A Banking Account Example
storefront application (example), The Business Delegate and DAO Patterns in Action

impedance mismatch, Storing Objects into a Relational Model

importAttribute tag, custom tag (Tiles tag library), The importAttribute Tag

include tag, custom tag (Bean tag library), The include Tag

IncludeAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.IncludeAction class

index.jsp file

itemdetail.jsp file, and, What Is a Template?
JSP include mechanism versus templates, Understanding Templates
using a template, What Is a Template?

indexed properties, accessing in JavaBeans, Accessing Indexed Properties

inheritance in categories in the logging framework, Using the log4j Package

init( ) method, example of overriding methods, Extending the ActionServlet class

init-param element, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

initComponentDefinitions tag, custom tag (Tiles tag library), The initComponentDefinitions Tag

initialization

ActionServlet, of the (diagram), Struts initialization process

custom, Extending the ActionServlet class

default, Extending the ActionServlet class

parameters, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor

config, Specifying Multiple Application Modules
declaring, Declaring the Initialization Parameters
web.xml using Struts 1.1, for, Declaring the Initialization Parameters

process overview, Struts initialization process

insert tag, custom tag (Tiles tag library), The insert Tag

installing Struts, Downloading and Installing Struts, Tips on Installing Struts in JRun

interaction diagrams, The design model

interfacing Struts to EJB, Interfacing Struts to EJB, Conclusion

internationalization, What Are Java Servlets?, Using Message Resource Bundles, Using ActionErrors

character sets, setting, Setting the Character Set

characteristics of applications supporting, What Is Internationalization?

defined, What Is Internationalization?

exception handling, Internationalized Exception Handling, Exception Handling and Internationalization

Java support, Support for I18N in Java, Multilingual Support

locale

default, The default locale
determining the user’s locale information in a servlet (example), Determining the user’s locale

Locale class, The Locale Class, Determining the user’s locale

MessageFormat class, and, The MessageFormat Class, The MessageFormat Class

MessageResources class, and, Java Resource Bundles

multilingual support, Multilingual Support

PropertyMessageResources class, and, Java Resource Bundles

PropertyResourceBundle class, and, Creating a Struts resource bundle

resource bundles, accessing, Accessing the Resource Bundle

ResourceBundle class, and, Java Resource Bundles

Struts, and, Internationalization and Struts, Exception Handling and Internationalization

Validator framework, and, The validation.xml file, Internationalizing the Validation

internationalization tags, JSTL, JSTL Internationalization Tags

InvalidLoginException, banking application (example), Struts Action Classes

InvocationHandler interface, Using Dynamic Proxies

iPlanet Application Server, What Are Java Servlets?

ISAPI, A Brief History of the Web

ISO-3166 specification, The Locale Class

ISO-639 specification, The Locale Class

IStorefrontService interface, storefront application (example), The Business Delegate and DAO Patterns in Action, The Business Delegate and DAO Patterns in Action

itemdetail.jsp file and index.jsp file, What Is a Template?

iterate tag, custom tag (Logic tag library), Collection Utilities

J

J2EE applications, An Architecture Overview

J2EE Front Controller design pattern, The MVC Controller, The Controller Mechanism

Jakarta Commons project, Struts dependencies, Dependency on Commons Projects

Jakarta log4j (see log4j package)

Jakarta Project

mailing lists, Contribution to the Struts Project
main web site, Contribution to the Struts Project

Jakarta Taglibs project, What Is a Tag Library?, The Jakarta Taglibs Project

log4j, and, Using Commons Logging in JSP Pages

Jakarta Turbine, Jakarta Turbine

Jakarta’s ORO package, Change to the ORO Package

JAR files, packaging and deploying, JBoss Deployment

Java

internationalization, support for, Support for I18N in Java, Multilingual Support
reflection, The org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction class

Java 1.4 logging API, Java 1.4 Logging API

Java DataBase Connectivity (JDBC), What Are Java Servlets?

Java exception class, Configuring Error Handling in web.xml

Java Message Service (JMS), A Quick EJB Overview

Java Remote Method Protocol (JRMP), The Middle Tier

Java servlets (see servlets)

Java source files, compiling in Ant, Compiling Java Source Files

java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler interface, Using Dynamic Proxies

java.text.Format class, The Locale Class

java.util.ArrayList class, Using java.util.Vector and java.util.Hashtable

java.util.HashMap class, Using java.util.Vector and java.util.Hashtable

java.util.Hashtable class, Using java.util.Vector and java.util.Hashtable

java.util.Vector class, Using java.util.Vector and java.util.Hashtable

JavaBeans, Preface, Struts and Enterprise JavaBeans

(see also EJB)
accessing properties, Using JavaBeans with Struts Tags
custom tags, using with, Using JavaBeans with Struts Tags
defined, Quick refresher
in Struts applications, How Struts applications use JavaBeans
specification, Accessing Simple Properties
using within view components, Using JavaBeans Within the View Components, The Data Transfer Object pattern

JavaScript

event handlers, JavaScript Event Handlers
stylesheets as view components, JavaScript and stylesheets
Validator framework, using with, Using JavaScript with the Validator

JavascriptValidator, custom tag, Configuring the validation-rules.xml file for JavaScript, Configuring the validation-rules.xml file for JavaScript

JavaServer Faces (JSF), JavaServer Faces

overview, Looking Ahead to JavaServer Faces

JavaServer Pages (see JSP)

javax.ejb.EJBObject interface, The Business Interface

javax.ejb.SessionBean interface, Stateless Session Bean Implementation, Stateless Session Bean Implementation

javax.servlet.Filter interface, Creating the filter class

javax.servlet.ServletContext class, Using the Servlet Container for Logging

javax.sql.DataSource connection factory, Stateless Session Bean Implementation

JBoss

application server, JBoss Deployment
deployment descriptor for the storefront session bean, JBoss Deployment

JDBC Pool, The data-sources element

JDK 1.4 Logging, Jakarta Commons Logging

Jetty, What Are Java Servlets?

JGrinder, Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks

JMeter, Performance- and Stress-Testing Tools

JNDI name, associating a name with the storefront session bean, JBoss Deployment

JNDI References, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor

obtaining a home interface reference, Managing EJB Home and Remote References
plug-ins, and, Using the PlugIn Mechanism

jndi.properties file, Implementing an EJBHomeFactory

JNDIConnectorPlugin class, Using the PlugIn Mechanism

JRelationalFramework, Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks

JRMP (Java Remote Method Protocol), The Middle Tier

JRun, What Are Java Servlets?

tips on installing Struts in, Tips on Installing Struts in JRun

JSF (JavaServer Faces), JavaServer Faces

overview, Looking Ahead to JavaServer Faces

JSP (JavaServer Pages)

container, Precompiling JavaServer Pages

file placement when packaging Struts applications, JSP File Placement

include mechanism versus templates, Understanding Templates

Model 1

versus Model 2, Preface, JSP Model 1 and Model 2 Architectures

overview, JavaServer Pages

precompiling, Precompiling JavaServer Pages, Precompiling JSP pages with WebLogic

in Resin, Precompiling JSP pages with Resin
in Tomcat, Precompiling JSP pages with Tomcat
in WebLogic, Precompiling JSP pages with WebLogic

presentation, using for, Using JSP for Presentation

problems, Using JSP for Presentation

relative paths, and, Which Is Best for Struts?

scriptlets versus tag libraries, JavaServer Pages

JSP custom tags (see custom tags)

JSP Standard Tag Library (see JSTL)

JSP tag libraries, JSP Custom Tag Libraries

(see also JSTL)
custom (see tag libraries)

JSPException objects, Exceptions in Custom Tags

JSPTags.com, JSPTags.com

JSR 52, The JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL)

JSTL (JSP Standard Tag Library), The JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL), JSTL and Struts

core tags, JSTL Core Tags
internationalization tags, JSTL Internationalization Tags
SQL tags, JSTL SQL Tags
XML tags, JSTL XML Tags

JSTL-EL, A New Expression Language

JSTL-RT, A New Expression Language

JVM

exceptions, and, The Method Invocation Stack
improperly tuning, Improperly Tuning the JVM

L

language code, The Locale Class

language support (see internationalization)

layout, Overview of Tiles

(see also Tiles framework)
defined, Using a Layout Tile
passing parameters to, Passing Parameters to the Layout
planning your requirements, Planning Your Layout

legacy applications, The Middle Tier

lexical validation, Creating the Storefront Business Objects

lib subdirectory (WEB-INF), The Web Application Directory Structure

load testing versus performance, Performance Versus Load Testing, Performance Versus Load Testing

LoadRunner, Performance- and Stress-Testing Tools

locale

default, The default locale
defined, What Is Internationalization?
determining the user’s, Determining the user’s locale, Determining the user’s locale

Locale class

getLocale( ) method, Determining the user’s locale
internationalization, and, The Locale Class, Determining the user’s locale

locale-sensitive, The Locale Class

localization, Message resource bundles, What Is Internationalization?

Log interface, Using the Commons Logging API

Log tag library, Using Commons Logging in JSP Pages

using to dump information, Using Commons Logging in JSP Pages

log4j package, Jakarta Commons Logging, Using the log4j Package, Log File Rollover

configuration files, Initializing using the log4j.properties file, Initializing using an XML file
configuring appenders, Configuring log4j Appenders
initializing, Initializing log4j
integrating with Struts, Integrating log4j with Struts
log levels, understanding, Understanding the log4j Log Levels
performance impact of logging, The Performance Impact of log4j
synchronization issues, Synchronization issues
third-party tools and utilities, Third-Party log4j Extensions
Tomcat, and, Initializing using an XML file

log4j.properties file, Installing the Commons Logging Package, Initializing using the log4j.properties file

LogFactory class, Using the Commons Logging API

loggers, Using the log4j Package

defined, What Are Loggers?

Loggers class, What Are Loggers?

logging

Commons Logging package, supported logging implementations, Jakarta Commons Logging
example of an event listener class that initializes a logging service, Creating the event listener class
framework, inheritance in categories, Using the log4j Package
Java 1.4 logging API, Java 1.4 Logging API
JSP pages, in, Using Commons Logging in JSP Pages, Using Commons Logging in JSP Pages
log file rollover, Log File Rollover
LoginAction using the ServletContext to log messages (example), Using the Servlet Container for Logging
performance impact of, The Performance Impact of log4j
Struts applications, in, Logging in a Struts Application, Java 1.4 Logging API
system versus application, Logging in a Web Application
using the servlet container for, Using the Servlet Container for Logging, Packaging the event listener
web applications, in, Logging in a Web Application

LoggingFilter class, Creating the filter class, Declaring the filter in the deployment descriptor

LoggingListener class, Creating the event listener class

Logic tag library, Using Custom Tag Libraries, Logic Tags, Messages and Errors

custom tags, Logic Tags, Messages and Errors

forward tag, Redirecting and Forwarding
iterate tag, Collection Utilities
messagesNotPresent tag, Messages and Errors
messagesPresent tag, Messages and Errors
redirect tag, Redirecting and Forwarding
substring-matching tags, Substring Matching
value-comparison tags, Value Comparison

LoginAction class

banking application (example), Struts Action Classes, Mapping the Actions, Struts Model Components
putting ActionErrors into the request using, Creating ActionErrors in the Action Class
storefront application (example), The Action Class, The Business Delegate and DAO Patterns in Action
using the ServletContext to log messages (example), Using the Servlet Container for Logging

LoginForm class

banking application (example), Using the Struts ActionForm
storefront application (example), Creating an ActionForm

LogKit, Jakarta Commons Logging

LookupDispatchAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.LookupDispatchAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.LookupDispatchAction class

loyalty of web users, What Is Good Performance?

M

mailing lists, Struts, The Struts Mailing Lists

make utilities, What Is Ant?

mapping

actions, Mapping the Actions

ActionServlet, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

business objects

database tables, to, The Storefront Persistence Framework
database, to, Mapping the Business Objects to the Database

extension, Using Multiple Application Modules

filter, Declaring the filter in the deployment descriptor

path, Mapping requests to servlets, Using Multiple Application Modules

requests to servlets, Mapping requests to servlets

servlets, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

multiple, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet, Struts initialization process
path mapping, Mapping requests to servlets

tag libraries, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor

Maverick, Maverick

Mazzocchi, Stefano, Cocoon

McClanahan, Craig, Preface, JavaServer Faces, What Does JSF Have to Do with Struts?

menu layout, Using a Layout Tile

message keys and exception handling, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

message resource bundles (see resource bundles)

message tag, custom tag (Bean tag library), The message Tag

message-driven beans, A Quick EJB Overview

message-resources elements, The message-resources element

MessageFormat class and internationalization, The MessageFormat Class, The MessageFormat Class

MessageResources class, Using Message Resource Bundles, Using Message Resource Bundles

internationalization, and, Java Resource Bundles

messages tag, custom tag (HTML tag library), The messages and errors Tags

messagesNotPresent tag, custom tag (Logic tag library), Messages and Errors

messagesPresent tag, custom tag (Logic tag library), Messages and Errors

MessageTag class, Using Message Resource Bundles

meta-information repository, The Web Application Directory Structure

method signature, throws clause of a, What About the throws Clause?

methods

createService( ), StorefrontServiceFactory class, Using Dynamic Proxies

doGet( ), ActionServlet class, The ActionServlet Class

doPost( ), ActionServlet class, The ActionServlet Class

ejbCreate( ), Stateless Session Bean Implementation

ejbRemove( ), Stateless Session Bean Implementation

execute( ), Action class, Struts Action Classes, The Action Class

findForward( ), ActionMapping class, The ActionForward class

getInstance( ), EJBHomeFactory class, Implementing an EJBHomeFactory

getKeyMethodMap( ), ProcessCheckoutAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.LookupDispatchAction class

getLocale( ), Local class, Determining the user’s locale

init( ), example of overriding methods, Extending the ActionServlet class

perform( ), Action class, The Action Class

process( )

ActionServlet class, The ActionServlet Class
RequestProcessor class, The RequestProcessor Class, The RequestProcessor Class

processActionPerform( ), RequestProcessor class, The Action Class

processException( ), RequestProcessor class, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

processExceptions( ), StorefrontBaseAction class, Using Programmatic Exception Handling, Using Programmatic Exception Handling

processLocale( ), RequestProcessor class, Extending the RequestProcessor class

processPreprocess( ), RequestProcessor class, Using the processPreprocess( ) method

example, Using the processPreprocess( ) method

reset( ), ActionForm class, The reset( ) method

selectApplication( ), RequestUtils class, The ActionServlet Class

super.init( ), Extending the ActionServlet class

validate( ), RequestProcessor class, The validate( ) method

middle tier, The Middle Tier

MIME type mappings, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor

model

conceptual, The conceptual model
data, storefront application (example), The Storefront Data Model, The Storefront Data Model
defined, Types of Models
design, The design model
importing packages or classes into, The “M” in MVC
relational, storing objects in a, Storing Objects into a Relational Model
types, Types of Models, The design model

model components, Struts Model Components, Struts Model Components, Struts Model Components, Conclusion , The “M” in MVC

(see also model)
extending, Extending Model Components

Model-View-Controller (see MVC)

mod_perl, A Brief History of the Web

multi-application support, Multiple Application Support

multilingual support (see internationalization)

multimedia files as view components, Multimedia files

multiplicity symbols of child elements within a DTD, Web Application Deployment Descriptor DTD

multithreaded Action classes, Creating Multithreaded Action Classes

multitiered distributed applications

model components, and, Struts Model Components

MVC (Model-View-Controller), Preface

Controller duties, The MVC Controller

importance of, Why Is Model-View-Controller So Important?, The MVC Controller

pattern, JSP Model 1 and Model 2 Architectures

key components, Why Is Model-View-Controller So Important?

View, The MVC View

N

name attribute, form tag (HTML tag library), The name attribute

namespace management, Namespace Management

naming conventions of web applications, What Is a Web Application?

nested references, accessing nested bean properties, Accessing Nested Properties

Nested tag library, Using Custom Tag Libraries, Nested Tags

web site, Nested Tags Site

new expression language (EL), A New Expression Language

NoOpLog, Jakarta Commons Logging

NSAPI, A Brief History of the Web

number validation (example), Performing Presentation Validation

O

object identifiers (OIDs), The Storefront Data Model

object-to-relational mapping (see ORM)

ObJectRelationalBridge (see OJB)

objects stored at the request level, Request Scope

ODMG API, OJB, The Storefront Persistence Framework

OJB (ObJectRelationalBridge), Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks, The Storefront Persistence Framework, The Storefront Persistence Framework

ODMG API, The Storefront Persistence Framework
PersistenceBroker API, The Storefront Persistence Framework

Orbix E2A (formally iPAS), What Are Java Servlets?

order business objects, What Is a Business Object?

OrderBO class, Creating the Storefront Business Objects, Creating the Storefront Business Objects

org.apache.commons.logging.Log key, Installing the Commons Logging Package

org.apache.struts.config package, The org.apache.struts.config Package, Specifying a DOCTYPE Element

Orion Application Server, What Are Java Servlets?

ORM (object-to-relational mapping), The MVC Model, The impedance mismatch

products, Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks

ORO package, Change to the ORO Package

P

packages

actions, Using the Prebuilt Struts Actions, The org.apache.struts.actions.SwitchAction class

DispatchAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction class
ForwardAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction class
IncludeAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.IncludeAction class
LookupDispatchAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.LookupDispatchAction class
SwitchAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.SwitchAction class

BeanUtils, The Commons BeanUtils Package

Commons Collection, The Commons Collection Package

Commons Logging, Jakarta Commons Logging, Struts Framework and the Commons Logging Package

config, The org.apache.struts.config Package, Specifying a DOCTYPE Element

dependency on Commons project, Dependency on Commons Projects

obtaining the source packages of Struts, Building Struts from the Source Distribution

prerequisite software packages needed to build Struts, Building Struts from the Source Distribution

Struts components packages, The Struts Component Packages

util, The Utilities Classes, The Commons BeanUtils Package

Validator framework, required packages, Required Packages

packaging Struts applications, Packaging Your Struts Application, Restarting Your Server Remotely

deciding how, Deciding How to Package Your Application, Packaging EJB Resources with Struts
defined, What Is Packaging?
EJB resources, and, Packaging EJB Resources with Struts
JSP file placement, JSP File Placement
WAR file, as, Packaging the Application as a WAR File

page scope, Page Scope

PageContext interface, Page Scope

parameter tag, custom tag (Bean tag library), The parameter Tag

path attribute, ActionMapping class, Mapping the Actions

path mapping, Mapping requests to servlets, Using Multiple Application Modules

patterns

Business Delegate, Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks, The Business Delegate and DAO Patterns in Action, Conclusion
DAO (Data Access Object), Object-to-Relational Mapping Frameworks, The Business Delegate and DAO Patterns in Action, Conclusion
DTO, The Data Transfer Object pattern

perform( ) method, Action class, The Action Class

performance, Addressing Performance, Using Too Many Graphics

baseline, Establish a Performance Baseline
goals, Understand the Performance Goals
good performance defined, What Is Good Performance?
impact of exception handling, Performance Impact of Exception Handling
impact of logging, The Performance Impact of log4j
profiling your application, Find the Trouble Areas, Find the Trouble Areas
serious concerns in Struts, Performance and Scalability Gotchas, Using Too Many Graphics
testing tools, Performance- and Stress-Testing Tools
testing, defined, Performance Versus Load Testing
user perspective, What Is Good Performance?
versus load testing, Performance Versus Load Testing, Performance Versus Load Testing

persistence

defined, Persistence
framework, storefront application (example), The Storefront Persistence Framework, The Storefront Persistence Framework
solutions, Mapping the Business Objects to the Database

PersistenceBroker API, OJB, The Storefront Persistence Framework

plug-in element, The plug-in element

plug-ins, Using the PlugIn Mechanism, Adding the plug-in to the configuration file

adding to the configuration file, Adding the plug-in to the configuration file
overview, The plug-in element
Tiles, Configuring Tiles to Work with Struts

PlugIn interface, Using the PlugIn Mechanism, Adding the plug-in to the configuration file

example of using, Using the PlugIn Mechanism
hooking the Validator framework into a Struts application, Plugging In the Validator

Poolman, The data-sources element

POST method (HTTP), The HTTP Request

precompiling JavaServer Pages, Precompiling JavaServer Pages, Precompiling JSP pages with WebLogic

in Resin, Precompiling JSP pages with Resin
in Tomcat, Precompiling JSP pages with Tomcat
in WebLogic, Precompiling JSP pages with WebLogic

presentation

separating from business objects, Struts Model Components
technologies, Using JSP for Presentation
validation, Creating the Storefront Business Objects, Performing Presentation Validation

process business objects, Requirements for Business Objects

process( ) method

ActionServlet class, The ActionServlet Class
RequestProcessor class, The RequestProcessor Class, The RequestProcessor Class

processActionPerform( ) method, RequestProcessor class, The Action Class

ProcessCheckoutAction class, The org.apache.struts.actions.LookupDispatchAction class

processException( ) method, RequestProcessor class, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

processExceptions( ) method, StorefrontBaseAction class, Using Programmatic Exception Handling, Using Programmatic Exception Handling

processLocale( ) method, RequestProcessor class, Extending the RequestProcessor class

processPreprocess( ) method, RequestProcessor class, Using the processPreprocess( ) method

example, Using the processPreprocess( ) method

programmatic exception handling, Using Programmatic Exception Handling, Using Programmatic Exception Handling

move to abstract class (example), Using Programmatic Exception Handling

PropertyMessageResources class, Java Resource Bundles

PropertyResourceBundle class, Creating a Struts resource bundle

PropertyUtils class, The Commons BeanUtils Package

proxies, dynamic, Using Dynamic Proxies, Conclusion

implementation of the storefront service, Using Dynamic Proxies, Using Dynamic Proxies

Pull HMVC (Pull Hierarchical Model View Controller), WebWork

put tag, custom tag (Tiles tag library), The put Tag

putList tag, custom tag (Tiles tag library), The putList Tag

Q

quality assurance testing, Addressing Performance, Using Too Many Graphics
query strings and confidential information, Using a Redirect

R

redirect tag, custom tag (Logic tag library), Redirecting and Forwarding

redirects

servlet that performs a redirect when it receives a request (example), Using a Redirect, Using a Redirect
versus forwards, Forward Versus Redirect, Which Is Best for Struts?

RedirectServlet (example), Using a Redirect, Using a Redirect

redundant code in a web application, reducing, Using Tiles

Referer, HTTP request header field, The HTTP Request

reflection, The org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction class

RegExp package, Change to the ORO Package

relational model, storing objects in, Storing Objects into a Relational Model

remote exceptions, Handling Remote Exceptions

remote interface for the storefront session bean, The Business Interface

remote references, What about the remote references?

RemoteException, System Versus Application Exceptions, Handling Remote Exceptions

in the business interface, Exception handling

repetitive behavior, using a base Action to perform, Extending the Base Action Class

Replicate Object pattern (see DTO pattern)

repository.xml file, The Storefront Persistence Framework

repository_user.xml file, The Storefront Persistence Framework

request line, The HTTP Request

request scope, Request Scope

versus session, Request Scope Versus Session

request-scope attributes, removing, Request Scope

RequestDispatcher class, forward( ) method, Using a Forward

RequestProcessor class, The Struts ActionServlet, Extending the ActionServlet class, The RequestProcessor Class, Extending the RequestProcessor class

(see also controller)

ActionServlet class, and, ActionServlet and RequestProcessor

extending, Extending the RequestProcessor class, Extending the RequestProcessor class, Extending the RequestProcessor Class, Using the processPreprocess( ) method

process( ) method, The RequestProcessor Class, The RequestProcessor Class

processActionPerform( ) method, The Action Class

processException( ) method, Declarative Versus Programmatic Exception Handling

processLocale( ) method, Extending the RequestProcessor class

processPreprocess( ) method, Using the processPreprocess( ) method

example, Using the processPreprocess( ) method

validate( ) method, The validate( ) method

RequestUtils class, The RequestUtils Class

selectApplication( ) method, The ActionServlet Class

reset( ) method

ActionForm class, Using the Struts ActionForm

reset( ) method, ActionForm class, The reset( ) method

Resin, What Are Java Servlets?

precompiling JavaServer Pages, Precompiling JSP pages with Resin

resource bundles, Using Message Resource Bundles, Multiple Application Support, Internationalizing Your Struts Applications, The Bean tag library’s MessageTag class

(see also localization)
accessing, Accessing the Resource Bundle
as view components, Message resource bundles
banking application (example), Using Message Resource Bundles
Bean tag library, and, The Bean tag library’s MessageTag class
classpath, and, The resource bundle and the classpath
naming guidelines, Resource bundle naming guidelines

resource tag, custom tag (Bean tag library), The resource Tag

ResourceBundle class, Using Message Resource Bundles

internationalization, and, Java Resource Bundles

response time and performance testing, Performance Versus Load Testing

ResponseUtils class, The ResponseUtils Class

ResultSet object, The MVC Model

RMI over IIOP, The Middle Tier

role-name element, JSP File Placement

RuntimeException class, Checked and Unchecked Exceptions

S

Savoia, Alberto, What Is Good Performance?

scalability and performance problems in Struts, Performance and Scalability Gotchas, Using Too Many Graphics

scope, Struts and Scope, Page Scope

ActionForms, and, ActionForms and Scope
application scope, Application Scope
page scope, Page Scope
request scope, Request Scope
session scope, Session Scope

scope attribute, form tag (HTML tag library), The scope attribute

scriptlets versus tag libraries, JavaServer Pages

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), HTTP Versus HTTPS

security configuration information, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor

security in the Action classes, Security in the Action Classes

security service, encapsulating the authentication behind, Struts Model Components

security-constraint element, JSP File Placement

SecurityService class, banking application (example), A Banking Account Example, Struts Model Components

selectApplication( ) method, RequestUtils class, The ActionServlet Class

semantic validation, Creating the Storefront Business Objects

sendRedirect( ) method, HttpServletResponse class, Using a Redirect

servlet class

combining the servlet-mapping element, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet
configuring with the servlet element, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

servlet containers, What Are Java Servlets?

(see also servlets)
defined, What Are Java Servlets?
deployment information, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor
hierarchical structure, and, The Web Application Directory Structure
part of a J2EE application server, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor
popular, What Are Java Servlets?
using JSP pages, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor
using the servlet container for logging, Using the Servlet Container for Logging, Packaging the event listener
web server working together with, The HTTP Request/Response Phase, HTTP Versus HTTPS

servlet element, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

declaring initialization parameters, Declaring the Initialization Parameters
how to configure the servlet class (example), Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

servlet engines (see servlet containers)

servlet filters (see filters)

servlet mappings

multiple, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet
path mapping, Mapping requests to servlets
web containers, and, Using a Struts action in the welcome file list

servlet-class element, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

servlet-mapping element, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

servlet-name element, Mapping the Struts ActionServlet

ServletContext class, Application Scope, Mapping requests to servlets, Using Event Listeners, Creating the event listener class

application events and listener interfaces, Using Event Listeners
LoginAction using the ServletContext to log messages (example), Using the Servlet Container for Logging
methods used for logging messages, Using the Servlet Container for Logging

ServletContextListener interface, Creating the event listener class

servlets, What Are Java Servlets?

(see also servlet containers)

advantages of being written in Java, What Are Java Servlets?

CGI applications, compared to, What Are Java Servlets?

controller servlet, defined, JSP Model 1 and Model 2 Architectures

declarations, The Web Application Deployment Descriptor

defined, What Are Java Servlets?, What Are Java Servlets?

examples

servlet that performs a forward when it receives a request, Using a Forward
servlet that performs a redirect when it receives a request, Using a Redirect, Using a Redirect

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