AA1000 series, 6
Accuracy, 65
“An Analysis of Goals and Targets,” 80
Assessment of data, 5
management quality and efficiency, 11
materiality, 88
with stakeholders, 135
Associated targets, SDG-related reporting and, 81–82
B2B. See Business to business relationships
B2C. See Business to customer relationships
Balance, 65
Bloomberg ESG Valuation Tool, 38
Bloomberg LP, 49
Branding and reputation, 122–124
British Standard on Sustainability Management, 50
Business
opportunities, 89–91
and SDGs, 53
Business to business (B2B) relationships, 10, 136
Business to customer (B2C) relationships, 10, 137
Canadian Chartered Professional Accountants, 6
Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index, 55
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), 55
reporting framework, 38
Carrots and Sticks, 14
CDP. See Carbon Disclosure Project
Centre for Corporate Governance in Africa, 14
Ceres Roadmap, 2
Climate Change Reporting Framework, 58–59
Climate Disclosure Standards Board, 58–59
Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economics (CERES), 41
Collective action, 103
Communication on Progress (COP), 53
Communities, 108
Company’s
CSR strategy and commitments, 9–10
disclosures relating to climatic change, 37
reporting, 2
strategy and activities, 100–101
with sustainability reporting, 32–33
Completeness, 65
Compliance, 114
Conciseness, 46
Content and assessment of SDG report, 97–104
“4Cs” of effective reporting, 97–98
Corporate Citizenship, 6
CorporateRegister.com, 6
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), 1, 105.
See also CSR communications
Corporate sustainability, 1
Corruption and bribery, 113
“4Cs” of effective reporting, 97–98
benefits to the business of, 136–137
branding and reputation, 122–124
reputation management, 125–135
resolving conflicts/disagreements with stakeholders, 124–125
roles of internal and external communications, 118–1
Section 7.5.2 of ISO 26000, 119–120
strategies and content, 121–122
CSR-related disclosures, 39
CSR-related shareholder proposals, 11
CSR reporting, 10
for new and small businesses, 28–30
scope and sophistication of, 7
Customers, 108
Dai, N., 12
Data
collection and assessment of, 5
exchange of sustainability, 23–24
quantitative and qualitative, 96–97
Dow Jones Sustainability Index, 52
Employee health and safety, 113
Employees, 108
Enabling effects, 101
ESG Score, 38
Ethical purchasing, 113
Ethos Indicators, 6
European Union nonfinancial reporting directive, 50–52
Exchange Act, 25
Extra-financial reporting, 114
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 48
Financial reporting
development of material disclosure issues, 111–114
elements and disclosures in sustainability reporting, 106–111
formatting and presentation of, 105–106
and nonfinancial reporting, 114–116
stakeholder engagement and, 111–114
Finnish Textile and Fashion (FTF), 8, 109, 117–118
FTSE-4Good Index, 38
GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, 56
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 7, 13, 14, 77, 80
fourth generation of guidelines, 44–45
framework, 18
standards. see GRI standards
third generation of guidelines, 44
Global Sustainability Standards Board (GSSB), 43
Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB), 48
Governments and regulators, 108
Grassroots, 134
Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) Corporate Standard, 55–56
GRI standards, 6
GRI 102 (general disclosures), 69–71
GRI 103 (“management approach”), 72–73
GRI 200 Series (economic topics), 73
GRI 300 Series (environmental topics), 74
GRI 400 Series (social topics), 74–75
GS SUSTAIN, 38
The Guardian (2013), 12, 22–23
Human rights, 113
ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, 56–57
Intangibles reporting, 114
Integrating the SDGs into Corporate Reporting: A Practical Guide,80–81
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), 48
The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board ISAE 3000 standard, 6
The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), 4
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) framework, 45–48
International Labor Organization (ILO) Conventions, 43
International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR), 50
Investor engagement process, 101–102
Jackson, A., 5
KPMG, 14
London Benchmarking Group (LBG), 6
Market incentives, 22
Materiality assessment, 88
McKinsey and Company, 126
MSCI’s ESG Impact Monitor, 38
National Resources Defense Council, 31
Networking, 133
New and small businesses
Nonfinancial information, 31
Nonfinancial reporting, 114–116
Nongovernment organizations (NGOs), 45
OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 43, 54
Operations, 133
Opportunity costs, 91
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, 14
Organization
disclosure requirements under laws of foreign countries, 39–40
in European Union, 36
Organizational structure
market incentives, 22
resource availability, 21
stakeholder engagement and improved operational sustainability, 20–21
and sustainability reporting, 18–22
Paid media, 133
Partnerships, 133
Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI), 77, 80
Principles prioritization process, 82–93
business opportunities from contributing to SDGs, 89–91
priority risks to people and the environment, 85–89
purposes and benefits of, 82–84
selecting priority SDG targets, 91–93
Priority risks to people and environment, 85–89
Product quality and safety to customers, 113
Public relations campaigns, 126
Reasonable investor, 27
Reputation
Reputation management
engaging broad group of influencers, 132–135
integrated response approach to, 127–128
understanding stakeholders and their concerns, 128–131
Research, sustainability reporting, 13–17
Resource availability, 21
Resource use and waste management, 114
Return on investment (ROI), 6
Risk-aversion, 22
Risk management, 26
Rockefeller Foundation, 49
SA8000, 118
SASB Implementation Guide for Companies, 49
Science Based Targets Initiative, 94
SDG 1 (reduction of poverty), 91
SDG 4 (education), 91
content and assessment, 97–106
defining business goals and objectives, 93–96
documents and related tools, 80–81
identifying and collecting quantitative and qualitative data, 96–97
principles prioritization process, 82–93
as risk management tool for investors, 79
understanding, and associated targets, 81–82
SDG Reporting Guide, 81
SDG target 8.7 (eradication of child labor), 91
SEC regulations in sustainability reporting, 37–38
Section 7.5.2 of ISO 26000, 119–120
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 3, 31, 109
Self-regulation, 15
Shareholders, 108
Singapore Exchange, 36
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), 136
S & P Global Broad Market Index, 52
Stakeholder engagement, 20–21, 22, 84–85, 96, 107–108
and material disclosure issues, 111–114
principled prioritization in, 88
Stakeholders, 5
civil society, 130
consumers and partners, 129
expectations regarding disclosure, 3
inclusiveness, 64
media, 129
regulators, 130
resolving conflicts or disagreements with, 124–125
shareholders, analysts, and investors, 130
sustainability expectations of, 18
Suppliers, 108
Supply chain, ethical purchasing and human rights in, 113
Surrogates, 134
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), 48–49
standards, 4
Sustainability context, 64
Sustainability reporting, 4
data collection for, 5
elements and disclosures in, 106–111
goals and targets, 7
instruments, categorizing, 15
key findings in 2016 report, 15–17
materiality and, 5
organizational structure and, 18–22
purposes and benefits of, 8–13
reporting on community impact, 6
role of audit and disclosure and reporting committees, 25–26
SEC filings to, 38
verification of, 6
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 7
Sustainability reporting framework
British Standard on Sustainability Management, 50
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), 55
Climate Disclosure Standards Board, 58–59
Dow Jones Sustainability Index, 52
European Union NonFinancial Reporting Directive, 50–52
GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, 55–56
ILO Tripartite Declaration, 56–57
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), 45–48
International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR), 50
OECD guidelines for multinational enterprises, 54
PRI reporting framework, 57–58
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), 48–49
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, 57
United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), 53
Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures, 99
Tata Consultancy Services, 53
“Triple bottom line” reporting, 5, 114–116
UN Declarations and Conventions, 53
UN Global Compact, 7, 41, 42, 80, 94, 121–122
UN Global Compact Ten Principles, 43
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, 43, 57
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 50
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 14
United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), 6, 53, 78
Verification efforts, 2
War room, 132
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), 56, 80
World Resources Institute (WRI), 56, 94
World Wide Fund for Nature, 94