Contents

1      The Basics

What Is a Stock?

Prices in Stock Markets

Rights of Ownership

Why Invest in Stocks?

Long-Term Growth Potential

Easy Buying and Selling

Important Part of Investment Plan

Buying the Business, Not the Stock

Relating a Company’s Value to Stock Price

Buying Great Companies

Avoiding Greed and Fear

Taking the Long View

Investing for the Long Term

The Market Moves in Mysterious Ways

2      Establishing a Plan

Investment Goals

Major Financial Goals

Timing of Your Goals

When to Avoid Stocks

Investment Strategy

Investing for Growth Strategy

Investing for Safety Strategy

Balanced Investing Strategy

Risk and Reward

Understanding Risk

Measuring Risk Against Reward

Will I Achieve My Financial Goals?

Minimize Risk—Maximize Reward

Having Reasonable Expectations

Types of Risk

Systematic Risks

Nonsystematic Risks

Minimizing Risks

The Traps of Trading—Your Biggest Risk

3      Finding and Understanding Information

Finding Information on the Internet

Morningstar

Yahoo! Finance

Other Resource Websites

Information You Should Avoid

Which Numbers Are Important?

How to Use a Stock Screen

The Best Stock Screen

Using Morningstar’s Stock Screen

4      Financial Statements

Company Reports (Financially) Tell All

Three Main Financial Statements

The Balance Sheet Must Balance

Assets: What the Company Owns

Liabilities: What the Company Owes

Shareholders Equity: Value to Investors

The Income Statement Is Home to Bottom Line

Revenue Is Sales

Expenses: The Cost of Doing Business

Operating Income: Sales Minus Cost of Sales

Net Income: The Bottom Line

Statement of Cash Flows Tracks Cash In and Out

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

What the Statement of Cash Flows Tells You

5      Types of Stocks

Growth Stocks

Defining “Growth”

Growth Stock Characteristics

Taking a Chance on Growth Stocks

Value Stocks

Not Cheap Stocks

Value Stock Characteristics

The Value Stock Investor

Long-Term Buy

Core Stocks

Core Stock Characteristics

Safety and Stability

The Cost of Safety

Size Matters in Stocks

Stock Sectors

Defensive Sectors Defined

Cyclical Sectors Defined

6      Stock Price vs. Stock Value

No Clear Answers on Stock Prices

How Daily Stock Prices Are Set

Price and Value Are Not the Same

Intrinsic Value Determines Potential Success

Analyzing a Company’s Economic Moat

Strong History of Making Money

Evaluating an Economic Moat’s Width and Depth

Durability of an Economic Moat

The Next Step: Analyzing the Business

Using Ratios in Analysis

Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Price Earnings Ratio (P/E)

Intrinsic Value Using Discounted Cash Flows

Understanding Discounting and Future Value

The Weakness of the Discounted Cash Flow Model

The Strengths of the Discounted Cash Flow Model

Alternative to Discounted Cash Flow Method

7      When to Buy or Sell

Don’t Follow the Crowd

Following the Buyers

Following the Sellers

A Planned Approach to Buying and Selling

Margin of Error

Creating a Buy Plan

When to Buy Different Types of Stocks

When to Buy Core Stocks

When to Buy Growth Stocks

When to Buy Value Stocks

Have a Plan to Sell Stocks

Taxes and Investing

Choosing to Defer Taxes

Taxes and Investing in Stocks

8      Building a Portfolio

Understanding Asset Allocation

Asset Allocation and Diversification

The Importance of Asset Allocation

Those Other Two Asset Classes: Fixed Income and Cash

Why Include Cash?

Fixed-Income Securities (Bonds)

Timing Is Everything

How to Build a Portfolio That Fits You

Fixed-Income (Bonds) Asset Class

Stocks Asset Class

Diversification and Stocks

Portfolio Models

An Aggressive Portfolio

A Moderate Portfolio

A Conservative Portfolio

Portfolio Lessons

9      Getting Started with a Stockbroker

The World of Stockbrokers

Full-Service Brokers

Discount Brokers

Online Brokers

Which Broker Type Is Right for You?

Opening a Brokerage Account

Full-Service Broker Accounts

Discount/Online Brokers Accounts

Types of Accounts

Cash Accounts

Margin Accounts

Discretionary Accounts

Stock Market Orders You Should Know

Market Orders

Limit Orders

Stop-Loss Orders

Trailing Stops

Placing an Order with Your Broker

How to Keep Investing Expenses Low

What You Do When Things Go Badly

The SEC

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)

Individual States

Broker’s In-House Monitoring

10      Mistakes to Avoid and Tools to Use

Common Investing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Playing Catch-Up

Fall in Love with a Stock or a Company

Market Timing

Abandoning Your Plan When the Market Drops

Rules Have Changed

Some Other Investing Mistakes

        Index

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