Notes and References

Chapter One: Note

1. Peter Capelli, The New Deal at Work: Managing in the Market-Driven Workforce. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 1999.

Chapter Two: References

Lawler, E. E. From the Ground Up: Six Principles for Creating the New Logic Corporation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1996.

Lawler, E. E., with Mohrman, S. A., and Ledford, G. E., Jr. Strategies for High Performance Organizations: The CEO Report. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998.

Lawler, E. E. Rewarding Excellence: Strategies for the New Economy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000.

Prahalad, C. K., and Hamel, G. “The Core Competence of the Corporation.” Harvard Business Review, 1990, 68(3), 79–91.

Chapter Four: References

American Management Association, 1997. “Corporate Job Creation, Elimination, and Downsizing: Summary of Key Findings.” Washington, D.C.: American Management Association.

Bennis, W., and Biederman, P. W., 1997. Organizing Genius. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

Cortada, J., 1998. “Where Did Knowledge Workers Come From,” in J. Cortada (ed.), Rise of the Knowledge Worker. Portsmouth, N.H.: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Davenport, T., Jarvenpaa, S., and Beers, M., 1996. “Improving Knowledge Work Processes,” Sloan Management Review, Summer, pp. 53–65.

Drucker, P., 1969. “Management's New Role,” Harvard Business Review, Nov.-Dec. Reprinted in Harvard Business Review Leadership Series, Part II, pp. 64–69.

Kanter, R., 1997. “Restoring People to the Heart of the Organization,” in F. Hesselbein, M. Goldsmith, and R. Beckhard (eds.), The Organization of the Future. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Leonard, D., 1995. Wellsprings of Knowledge. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press

Machlup, F., 1992. The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Pfeffer, J., 1998. The Human Equation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.

Quinn, J. B., 1992. Intelligent Enterprise: A Knowledge and Service-Based Paradigm for Industry. New York: Free Press.

Wenger, E., 1998. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Chapter Six: Notes

1. William H. Whyte Jr., The Organization Man (New York: Touchstone, 1956), pp. 14ff.

2. Gary Heil, Warren Bennis, and Deborah C. Stephens, Douglas McGregor, Revisited: Managing the Human Side of the Enterprise (New York: Wiley, 2000), p. 6.

3. Etienne Wenger, Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. xiii.

4. Thomas A. Stewart, “See Jack. See Jack Run Europe,” Fortune, September 27, 1999, pp. 124ff.

5. Rick Levine, Christopher Locke, Doc Searls, and David Weinberger, The Cluetrain Manifesto: The End of Business as Usual (Reading, Mass.: Perseus Books, 2000), pp. xii–xvii.

Chapter Seven: Notes

1. “Where Are We on the Web? FAST COMPANY (October 1999): 306.

2. Public Allies, New Leadership for a New Century (Washington, D.C.: Public Allies, 1998).

3. PriceWaterhouseCoopers, Innovation Survey (London: PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 1999), p. 3.

4. Frederick F. Reichheld and Phil Schefter, “E-Loyalty: Your Secret Weapon on the Web,” Harvard Business Review (July-August 2000): 107.

5. Barry Z. Posner, “What It Means to Act with Integrity.” Paper presented at the 6th International Meeting of the Western Academy of Management Conference (Shizuoka, Japan), July 2000.

6. Warren Bennis, Managing People Is Like Herding Cats (Provo, Utah: Executive Excellence Publishing, 1997), p. 86.

7. Warren Bennis, On Becoming a Leader (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1989), p. 40.

8. Diane Dreher, The Tao of Personal Leadership (New York: Harper-Business, 1997).

9. Anne Lamott, Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life (New York: Pantheon, 1994).

10. Richard P. Farson, Management of the Absurd: Paradoxes of Leadership (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).

11. Dreher, The Tao of Personal Leadership.

Chapter Eight: References

Allinson, R. E. (1993). Global disasters. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

Berliner, P. F. (1994). Thinking in jazz: The infinite art of improvisation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Campbell, D. T. (1990). Asch's moral epistemology for socially shared knowledge. In I. Rock (Ed.), The legacy of Solomon Asch: Essays in cognition and social psychology (pp. 39–52). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.

Hurst, D. K. (1995). Crisis and renewal. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Isenberg, D. (1985). Some hows and whats of managerial thinking: Implications for future army leaders. In J. G. Hunt & J. D. Blair (Eds.), Leadership on the future battlefield (pp. 168–181). Dulles, Va.: Pergamon-Brassey's.

Kellman, S. G. (1999). Swan songs. American Scholar, 68(4), 111–120.

McDaniel, R. R., Jr. (1997). Strategic leadership: A view from quantum and chaos theories. Health Care Management Review, 22(1), 21–37.

Muller, W. (1999). Sabbath: Restoring the sacred rhythm of rest. New York: Bantam.

Roethlisberger, F. J. (1977). The elusive phenomena. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Ryle, G. (1979). Improvisation. In G. Ryle, On thinking (pp. 121–130). London: Blackwell.

Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.

Chapter Nine: References

Bennis, W., and Biederman, P. W. Organizing Genius. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1997.

Bennis, W., and Nanus, B. Leaders. New York: HarperCollins, 1985.

Bennis, W., and Slater, P. The Temporary Society. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1999.

Davis, S., and Meyer, C. Blur: The Speed of Change in the Connected Economy. Reading, Mass.: Perseus Books, 1998.

Friedman, T. L. The Lexus and the Olive Tree. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1999.

Jackson, M. “Women's Business Thriving,” Santa Cruz Sentinel, Apr. 28, 1999, p. B5.

Kelly, K. New Rules for the New Economy. New York: Viking, 1998.

Knoke, W. Bold New World. Kodansha International, 1996.

Margulis, L., and Sagan, D. Microcosmos. New York: Summit Books, 1990.

Metcalf, H. C., and Urwick, L. (eds.). Dynamic Administration: The Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett. New York: HarperCollins, 1942.

Naisbitt, J., and Aburdene, P. Megatrends 2000. New York: Morrow, 1990.

Postrel, V. The Future and Its Enemies. New York: Free Press, 1998.

Sahtouris, E. Earthdance. Lincoln, Nebr.: iUniverse.com, 2000. Available online: http://www.ratical.org/LifeWeb/Erthdnce/chapter6.html.

Tannen, D. The Argument Culture. New York: Random House, 1998.

Chapter Ten: References

Bennis, W., and Biederman, P. (1997). Organizing genius. Reading, Mass.: Perseus Books.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York: HarperCollins.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999a). Implications of the systems perspective for the study of creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of human creativity, pp. 313–338. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999b). Kreativität und die Evolution Komplex Systeme (Creativity and the evolution of complex systems). In M. Sauer-Sachtleben (Ed.), Kooperation mit der Evolution (Cooperation with evolution), pp. 415–438. München: Eugen Diederich Verlag.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Creativity. Encyclopedia of psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.

Drucker, P. F. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Hauser, A. (1951). The social history of art. New York: Vintage.

Heydenreich, L. H. (1974). Il primo Rinascimento (Early Renaissance). Milano: Rizzoli.

Chapter Eleven: Notes

1. Admittedly, all ages have their uncertainties, and every era experiences change. Besides, both the nature of the uncertainties and the rate of change differ from one era to the next.

2. Tom Peters, Thriving on Chaos: Handbook for a Management Revolution (New York: Random House, 1987).

3. We are ineluctably interconnected on every level—economically, environmentally, organizationally, politically, sociologically, and psychologically. In large technical systems, interdependence and tight coupling lead to unforeseen interactions that, in turn, cause normal accidents, according to C. Perrow, in Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies (New York: Basic Books, 1984). Interdependence has similar consequences for the organizational world. A downturn on the New York Stock Exchange ripples through financial markets around the globe. Events witnessed on television have worldwide reverberations.

4. Max Weber noted that charismatic leaders are “born of distress.” (See his “The Sociology of Charismatic Authority,” in H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (eds.), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, pp. 245–252 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946). For a discussion of connective leaders, see Jean Lipman-Blumen, Connective Leadership: Managing in a Changing World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).

5. Sigmund Freud, Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (New York: Bantam Books, 1965), p. 16. (Originally published 1921.)

6. Ernest Becker, The Denial of Death (New York: Free Press, 1973), p. 133.

7. Albert Camus, The Fall (New York: Knopf, 1957), p. 133.

8. John A. Byrne, Chainsaw: The Notorious Career of Al Dunlap in the Era of Profit-at-Any-Price (New York: HarperBusiness, 1999).

9. This occurs through the familiar psychological process we know as “transference,” as described by Freud, Rank, Becker, and others. For an interesting contemporary discussion of transference, see Daniel Liechty, Transference and Transcendence: Ernest Becker's Contribution to Psychotherapy (Northvale, N.J.: Aronson, 1995).

10. Erich Fromm, Escape from Freedom (New York: Avon Books, 1941).

11. For a more in-depth explanation of the working of control myths, see Jean Lipman-Blumen, Gender Roles and Power (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984).

12. F. G. Bailey, Humbuggery and Manipulation: The Art of Leadership (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1988).

13. Clifford Geertz, “Centers, Kings, and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics of Power.” Chapter 6 in Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology (New York: Basic Books, 1983).

14. Ernest Becker, Escape from Evil (New York: Free Press, 1976), p. 109.

15. Søren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Dread, trans. Walter Lowrie (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1957), p. 144. (Originally published 1844.)

16. James Campbell Quick and Joanne H. Gavin, “The Next Frontier: Edgar Schein on Organizational Therapy.” Academy of Management Executive 14, no. 1 (2000): 31–44, see p. 37.

17. Kierkegaard, The Concept of Dread.

18. That is what Schein calls “survival anxiety.”

19. Schein calls this “learning anxiety.” See Quick and Gavin, “The Next Frontier.”

20. Kurt Lewin's well-known notion of freezing, unfreezing, and refreezing is relevant here. When we are in a frozen state, we feel a sense of certitude, false or otherwise, but a sense of assurance, nonetheless. As we move into an unfrozen state, we feel anxious because the certainties have been removed, and we are not quite sure what will happen next. It is in this unfrozen state, this state of anxiety, that we are open to change, to newness, to experimentation, to learning, to testing ourselves. See Kurt Lewin, “Group Decision and Social Change,” in T. M. Newcomb and E. L. Hartley (eds.), Readings in Social Psychology (New York: Henry Holt, 1947).

21. Harold J. Leavitt, Managerial Psychology (4th ed.) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), p. 131.

22. Warren Bennis, “Followership,” Chapter 20 in Managing the Dream (Reading, Mass.: Perseus Books, 2000), p. 270.

23. Lipman-Blumen, Connective Leadership.

24. Chester Barnard, The Functions of the Executive (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938).

25. This point has been explored by many, including Kierkegaard, Freud, Rank, and Becker. There is a particularly useful discussion in Viktor E. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotheraphy (4th ed.) (Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 1992). (Originally published 1959.)

26. For an extended discussion of this point, see Jean Lipman-Blumen, “Ideology, Social Structure, and Crisis.” Paper presented at the American Sociological Association annual meeting, August 25–27, 1974, Quebec, Canada.

27. This point has been articulated by Sheldon Solomon in a set of superb taped lectures on Kierkegaard, Rank, and Becker. (Available from the Ernest Becker Foundation, Seattle, Washington.)

28. Ron Leifer, “The Legacy of Ernest Becker,” Part I, Psychnews International 2, no. 4 (July-September 1997).

29. For an expanded discussion of symbolic immortality, see Robert J. Lifton, The Broken Connection: On Death and the Continuity of Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979).

30. This point is further elaborated in Lipman-Blumen, Connective Leadership, Chapter 12.

31. Clifford Geertz, “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture.” Chapter 1 in The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973).

32. For detailed discussions of the nature, role, and pitfalls of immortality projects, see Becker, The Denial of Death.

33. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), pp. 222, 240.

34. Warren Bennis, “An Invented Life: Shoe Polish, Milli Vanilli, and Sapiential Circles.” Chapter 16 in Managing the Dream, pp. 199–200.

35. The immortality project has been discussed by Freud, Rank, Becker, and others.

36. Anthropological and historical research provides ample evidence that in the earliest societies hero status could not be achieved without confronting fear and death in war and other rituals. The hero was the individual who faced death, “who could go into the spirit world, the world of the dead, and return alive. He had descendants in the mystery cults of the Eastern Mediterranean, which were cults of death and resurrection. The divine hero of each of these cults was one who had come back from the dead.” Becker, The Denial of Death, p. 12. Christians also believe that the central figure in Christianity rose from the dead.

37. I am indebted to Neil Elgee for refining my definition of courage.

38. Becker described this as “reaching out by [our] whole being toward life.” Becker, The Denial of Death, pp. 152–153.

39. See Becker, The Denial of Death.

Chapter Twelve: References

Bennis, Warren, and Goldsmith, Joan. Learning to Lead (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1997).

Deiss, Kathryn J., and Soete, George. “Developing Shared Leadership: A Note for a New Year.” ARL Newsletter, December 1997.

Forum Corporation. Leadership—A Forum Issues Special Report. Boston: Forum Corporation, 1990.

Groves, Martha. “Careers/Leadership: Cream Rises to the Top, but From a Small Group.” Los Angeles Times, June 8, 1998.

Joyce, Amy. “Young Leaders Sidestepping Old Rules of Management: As Ranks Grow, Twentysomethings Find Ways Around Age Gap.” Washington Post, July 19, 1998.

Lewis, Diane E. “Generation X's Rapid Rise in Workplace Leaves Elders Feeling Threatened.” Boston Globe, June 24, 1998.

“The Region: Not a Pretty Picture,” Boston Globe, October 18, 1998.

Chapter Fifteen: References

Alexander, Keith, “CEO Leaving Tarnished Legacy,” USA Today, March 14, 2000, p. 6-1.

Bannon, Lisa, and Deogun, Nikhul, “How Times Mirror Official Won Chandler's Trust,” Wall Street Journal, March 16, 2000, p. 17.

Barrett, Amy, “The Comeback of Henry Silverman,” Business Week, March 13, 2000, pp. 128–150.

Barringer, Felicity, “A General Whose Time Ran Out,” New York Times, March 15, 2000, pp. C-1, C-7.

Bennis, Warren, An Invented Life, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1993.

Bennis, Warren, and O'Toole, James, “Choosing the Right CEO,” Harvard Business Review, May-June 2000, pp. 170–175.

Benoit, William L., Accounts, Excuses, and Apologies: A Theory of Image Restoration Strategies, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

Bloomberg, Michael, Bloomberg on Bloomberg, New York: Wiley, 1997.

Braudy, Leo, The Frenzy of Renown: A History of Fame, New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Burrows, Peter, and Elstrom, Peter, “The Boss: Carly Fiorina's Challenge Will Be to Propel Staid Hewlett-Packard into the Internet Age Without Sacrificing the Very Things That Made It Great,” Business Week, August 2, 1999, pp. 76–80.

Campbell, Joseph, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1949.

Carlton, Jim, Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania, and Business Blunders, New York: New York Times Books, 1997.

Coleman, Calmetta, “Kmart Lures Bozic away from Levitz to Be Vice Chairman, CEO Contender,” Wall Street Journal, November 18, 1998, p. B-10.

Cooper, Cary L., Stress Research: Issues for the Eighties, New York: Wiley, 1983.

Cooper, Cary L., and Payne, R., Causes, Coping, and Consequences of Stress at Work, New York: Wiley, 1988.

Elsbach, Kimberly D., and Sutton, Robert, “Acquiring Organizational Legitimacy, Through Illegitimate Actions,” Academy of Management Journal, 35, 1992, pp. 699–738.

Fisher, Lawrence, “H-P Chairman David Packard Will Retire,” New York Times, September 15, 1993, p. B-15.

Fombrun, Charles, and Shanley, M., “What's in a Name? Reputation Building and Corporate Strategy,” Academy of Management Journal, 33, 1990, pp. 233–258.

Freedman, Samuel G., “Alan Jay Lerner, the Lyricist and Playwright Is Dead at 67,” New York Times, June 15, 1986, pp. 1, 36.

Gardener, Howard, Extraordinary Minds, New York: Basic Books, 1998.

Golembiewski, Robert T., Menzenrider, Robert F., and Stevenson, Jerry G., Stress in Organizations, New York: Praeger, 1986.

Henahan, Donal, “Leonard Bernstein, 72, Music's Monarch, Dies,” New York Times, October 15, 1990, A-1.

Holmes, T. H., and Rahe, R. N., “The Social Adjustment Rating Scale,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 1967, pp. 213–218.

Hurwitz, Johanna, Leonard Bernstein: A Passion for Music, New York: Morrow, 1989.

Jones, Edward E., and Nesbitt, Robert E., “The Actor and the Observer: Divergent Perceptions of Cause and Behavior,” in E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, Kelly H. H. Weiner, R. E. Nesbitt, S. Valines, and B. Weiner, eds., Attribution: Perceiving the Causes, Morristown, N.J.: General Learning Press, 1971.

Kobassa, Susan, “Stressful Life Events, Personality, and Health: An Inquiry into Hardiness,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1979, pp. 1–11.

Laurents, Arthur, Original Story by Arthur Laurents, New York: Knopf, 2000.

Leonhardt, David, “Afterlife of a Powerful Chief,” New York Times, March 15, 2000, pp. C-1, C-10.

Marcus, Bernard, and Blank, Arthur, Built from Scratch, New York: New York Times Books, 1999.

Matheny, Kenneth B., and Riordan, Richard J., Stress and Strategies for Lifestyle Management, Atlanta: Georgia State University Press, 1992.

Palmeri, Christopher, “Radio Shack Redux,” Forbes, March 23, 1998, p. 54.

Pollack, Andrew, “Can Steve Jobs Do It Again?” New York Times, November 8, 1997.

Pulley, Brett, “Strained Family: Culture of Racial Bias at Shoney's Underlies Chairman's Departure,” Wall Street Journal, December 21, 1992, p. A-1.

Rank, Otto, Art and Artist, New York: Knopf, 1932, pp. 214–216.

Romeo, Peter, “What Really Happened at Shoney's?” Restaurant Business, May 1, 1993, pp. 116–120.

Rouvalis, Christina, “A Wild Ride,” Pittsburgh Post Gazette, July 2, 1995, pp. C-1, C-6.

Rutenberg, James, “Towering Comeback for Trump,” New York Daily News, April 7, 1996, p. 10.

Schiesel, Seth, “The Numbers Don't Explain the Woes of AT&T,” New York Times, May 3, 2000, pp. C-1, C-13.

Schuler, Randall, “Organizational and Occupational Stress and Coping: A Model and Overview,” in Mary Dean Lee and Rabinara Kanungo, eds., The Management of Work and Personal Life, New York: Prager, 1984, pp. 169–172.

Scott, Marcus B., and Lyman, Stanford, “Accounts,” American Sociological Review, 33, 1968, pp. 46–60.

Sonnenfeld, Jeffrey, The Hero's Farewell: What Happens When CEOs Retire, New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Staw, Barry M., McKechnie, Pamela, and Puffer, Sheila, “The Justification of Organizational Performance,” Administrative Sciences Quarterly, 28, 1983, pp. 582–600.

Thomkins, Richard, “Casinos Deal Trump a Fistful of Aces,” Financial Times, June 31, 1994, p. 14.

Chapter Sixteen: References

Warren Bennis, Managing People Is Like Herding Cats, Provo, UT: Executive Excellence Publishing, 1999, p. 25.

Disney Institute, Lake Buena Vista, FL, May 10, 2000; poll group of 2,000 youth from ninety countries distinguished by their good deeds in communities. Available online: http://www.mcdonalds.com/corporate/press/corporate/2000/05102000/index.html.

James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner, The Leadership Challenge: How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1987.

Thomas J. Peters, “Foreword,” in James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner, The Leadership Challenge: How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1987, p. xiii.

Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Search Institute, “Five Fundamental Resources for Children and Youth: Search Commissioned and Published by America's Promise,” survey of 254,000 6th to 12th grade youth in 460 communities across America, Minneapolis, MN: Search Institute, 1997. Available online: http://www.search-institute.org.

Susan J. Tolchin, The Angry American: How Voter Rage Is Changing the Nation, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.

Chapter Seventeen: References

Bagby, Meredith. (April 25, 2000). “Neglection 2000 Report: Don't Ask, Don't Vote: Young Adults in the Presidential Primary.” Third Millennium.

Bennis, Warren G. (1994). On Becoming a Leader. Reading, MA: Perseus Books.

Brinkerhoff, Noel. (December 1999). “Gen X: The Unknown Quantity.” California Journal.

Burns, James MacGregor. (May 14, 2000). “Dive In Gents. Boldness Is No Vice.” Washington Post.

Dionne, E. J., Jr. (August 26, 1998). “Reform Generation?” Washington Post.

Halstead, Ted. (August 1999). “A Politics for Generation X.” Atlantic Monthly.

Hart, Peter. (August 28, 1998). “New Leadership for a New Century: Key Findings from a Study on Youth, Leadership, and Community Service.” Washington, DC: Peter D. Hart Research Associates.

Light, Paul C. (1999). The New Public Service. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

McGrory, Mary. (February 6, 2000). “Gen X Marks the Ballot.” Washington Post.

Panetta, Leon. (January 13, 2000). “Institute Poll Shows College Students Turned Off by Politics, Turned On by Other Public Service.” Monterey Bay, CA: Panetta Institute.

Shore, Bill. (1999). The Cathedral Within: Transforming Your Life by Giving Something Back. New York: Random House.

Thornburgh, Ron. (February 10, 1999). “New Millennium Project: Why Young People Don't Vote.” Washington, DC: National Association of Secretaries of State.

Postlude: Notes

1. I've taken the phrase “Hitler's ghost” from Barbara Kellerman's seminal essay on this topic.

2. Actually, the very first academic article I wrote was published in 1953 by the M.I.T. Graduate Magazine, “Antigone, Billy Budd, and The Caine Mutiny: The Individual vs. Society.”

3. My school motto at Westwood High (in New Jersey) was Res non Verba, Deeds not Words.

4. The title appeared in a review of my book Changing Organizations, McGraw-Hill, 1966.

5. Incidentally, this is the title of a splendid book by Ken Cloke and Joan Goldsmith, Irwin Press, 1997.

6. I lifted most of this paragraph from my epilogue to Jim's book, an uncommonly masterful one, Leadership A to Z, Jossey-Bass, 1999.

7. I stole this phrase from Mort Meyerson. When he was CEO of Perot Systems, he would on occasion take a group of diverse and different executives through brainstorming sessions. He called these “Intellectual Fitness Centers.”