Index

abandonment, 25–26

Abs, Hermann, 70

accountability

companywide, 5

of volunteers, 115–116

accounting data, 36–37

action plans

checks in, 6–7

communication of, 9–10

developing, 4

writing, 6–7

Adecco, 76, 79

agricultural productivity, 90

American Heart Association, 113–114

American Red Cross, 110–111

apprenticeship, 98–99, 122

AT&T, 22, 23, 25, 27

automobile industry, 21–22, 28, 36, 54–55, 133

baby boomers, 26–27

banks, 122

Barnard, Chester, 9

Bay of Pigs, 57

Beethoven, 143–144

blue-collar workers, 81

board of directors, 110–113

boundary conditions, 50, 55–57, 58

bourgeoisie, 91, 92

bureaucracies, 16–17

business, theory of the, 15–30

business analysis, 40–41

business crises, 15–16

business culture, 24

capital, 86, 88, 92–93, 94, 120, 130–131

career planning, 149–150

central authority, 135

change

management, 123–125

as opportunity, 10

chief executive officers (CEOs), 29–30, 110, 111–113

Chrysler, 28

churches, 106, 108, 113, 116

Churchill, Winston, 143

class war, 91–92, 102

coemployers, 76, 83

communication, responsibility for, 5, 9–10, 151–152

communism, 135

communities, 124–126, 128, 134

companywide accountability, 5

competitive advantage, 84–86, 102

competitiveness, 39

compromises, 57–58

computer industry, 20

continuous improvement, 123–124

continuous learning, 91, 102

contractors, 104

contributions, 149–150

core competencies, 22–24

cost allocation, 37

cost centers, 42–44

cost control, 38, 39, 42, 44

costs

of government regulations, 78–79

labor, 79

product, 37, 41

vs. revenue, 34–37

courtesy, 140

coworkers, relationships with, 150–153

crafts, 98–99, 122

creative destruction, 120

Daisy Scouts, 109–110

Dean Witter, 28–29

decentralization, 124

decision makers, 145

decision making

speed, 49

steps in, 50–64

decisions

acting on, 59–62

boundary conditions for, 50, 55–57, 58

by business managers, 40, 45–46, 47

carrying out, 50

classifying, 50–54

compromises, 57–58

effective, 49–64

feedback on, 62–64

gambles, 57

high-risk, 71–74

levels of, 9

people, 65–74

periodic review of, 8–9

specifications for, 55–57

taking responsibility for, 4–5, 7–9

delegation, 3–4

Deming, W. Edwards, 85

department stores, 26–27, 100

destabilization, 120–123, 125

Deutsche Bank, 16, 25, 70

direct costs, 37

Disraeli, Benjamin, 91–92

DuPont, 5

economic data, 37

economic performance, 31–39, 127

economics of small scale, 22

economic stagnation, 103

effectiveness

of board of directors, 110–113

of decisions, 49–64

vs. efficiency, 33, 38

of executives and managers, 1–14, 31–47

efficiency, 33, 38

Eisenhower, Dwight, 142

Electronic Data Systems (EDS), 19

employee relations, 75–79, 84, 86–87, 129–132

employees

activities of, 39

changing nature of, 75–88

nonexempt, 81

nonperforming, 8

in organizations, 129–132

problems with, 34

See also staffing; workers

employment regulations, 78–81

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 80

ethics, 145–146

executives, 133, 153

effective, 1–14

self-development of, 8–9

expectations, comparing with results, 138–141

experts, 81, 101

Exult, 77, 78, 79

factors of production, 92–93, 120

failure

absence of, 155–156

unexpected, 27, 28

family businesses, 5–6

feedback, 62–64

feedback analysis, 138–141

financial services, 28–29

fixed costs, 35

Ford, Henry, 85, 133

Ford Motor Company, 133

Friedman, Milton, 127

Gaussian curve, 34

General Electric, 86

General Motors (GM), 16, 18–19, 21–22, 24, 25, 28, 56, 65–66, 135

generic events, 51–54

GI Bill of Rights, 119

Girl Scouts, 108, 109–110, 114–115

government regulations, 78–81

growth challenges, 27

habits, bad, 139–140

Harvard University Board of Overseers, 112

higher education, 97, 119

high-risk decisions, 71–74

Hitler, Adolf, 98–99

hospitals, 81–83, 93, 95, 96, 106, 125, 126, 127

Hughes Electronics, 19

human relations theory, 94

human resources

allocation of, 38, 47

changing nature of, 75–88

vs. labor, 131–132

outsourcing of, 82–83

Hybels, Bill, 108

IBM, 16, 17–18, 20–21, 25, 101

Industrial Revolution, 87, 94, 103

industrial workers, 92

information, feedback, 62–64

information flow, 9–10

information technology, 93

innovation, 10, 109–110, 122, 124

James, Henry, 92

Japan, 11, 15, 16, 79, 119

kaizen and, 123–124

management in, 125–126

J.C. Penney, 29

J. Lyons & Company, 6

job assignments, 68–69

job candidates

job requirements and, 70–71

others’ impressions of, 70

qualifications of, 69

strengths and weaknesses of, 69–70

job descriptions, 68

job performance, 91, 99–100, 101

job requirements, 70–71

Johnson, Lyndon, 143

kaizen, 123–124

keiretsu, 25

Kennedy, John, 143

Kennedy Administration, 53, 54, 57

knowledge, 2–6, 121–122, 124, 134

knowledge economy/society, 75, 85, 88, 104, 119–120

knowledge workers, 9

competitive advantage and, 84–86

contributions by, 149–150

feedback analysis for, 138–141

loyalty of, 131–132

management of, 87, 88

in organizations, 129–132

performance analysis for, 141–145

productivity of, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95–98, 99–100, 102, 103, 105, 116

specialization by, 81–83

volunteers as, 114, 115

labor, 120, 131

labor costs, 35, 79

labor unions, 98, 127

lawsuits, threat of 80

lean manufacturing, 22, 28

learning institutions, 102

learning style, 143–145

leisure time, 89

listeners, 142–143

literati, 134

low-skill jobs, 90–91, 103

Mace, Myles, 110

mainframe computers, 17–18, 20–21

management

of change, 123–125

Japanese, 125–126

of knowledge workers, 87, 88

of nonprofits, 105–117

of organizations, 133–134

of people, 65–74

scientific, 94, 98, 99

of self, 137–156

techniques, 15

Management Revolution, 128

managers, 134

decision making by, 40, 45–46, 47

duties of, 31

economic performance and, 31–47

job of, 33

manners, 140

manufacturing productivity, 90, 91, 92, 94, 100–101

maquiladoras, 80

market assumptions, 21–22

Marks and Spencer, 22, 23–24

Marshall, George C., 65, 68–69, 70, 144

Marx, Karl, 91, 92

Mayo, Elton, 94, 101, 102

meetings

follow-up after, 13

productive, 5, 11–13

types of, 12

Merck, 29

Middle Ages, 134–135

midlife crisis, 153

miracles, 57

mirror test, 145–146

mission, 22, 23, 107–110, 115, 128–129

Mitsubishi, 16

multi-tasking, 2

Napoleon, 7

Nature Conservancy, 108, 115

noncustomers, 26–27

nonemployees, 78

nonexempt employees, 81

nonprofits, 105–117

boards of, 110–113

CEOs of, 110, 111–113

contributions of, 116

focus on results by, 108–109

mission of, 107–110, 115

volunteers in, 113–117, 130, 155

normal distribution, 34

nurses, 96, 97

opportunities

focusing on, 5, 10–11, 33

staffing for, 11

organizations

change and, 120–123

communities and, 124–126, 134

core competencies of, 22–24

culture of, 24, 125, 126

cure for ailing, 29–30

emergence of, 128–129, 135

environment of, 22, 23

knowledge-based, 85–89

knowledge workers in, 129–132

management of, 133–134

mission of, 22, 23, 107–110, 128–129

new society of, 119–136

nonprofit, 105–117

rapid growth of, 27

relationship between people and, 75–88

social responsibility and, 126–128, 134

specialization by, 128–129, 136

splintered, 81–83

teams in, 132–134

theory of the business and, 15–30

outsourcing

of employees and employee relations, 75–88

piecemeal, 82–83

parallel careers, 154

Patton, George, 144

people decisions, 65–74

high-risk, 71–74

principles of, 66–68

steps in, 68–71

performance, 91, 99–100, 101, 124. See also economic performance

performance analysis, 141–145

personal computers (PCs), 18, 20–21

personality, 142

planned obsolescence, 38

pluralism, 134–135, 136

policy statements, 59

political power, 127

priorities, setting, 2–3

problems

boundary conditions for, 50, 55–57, 58

classifying, 50

defining, 50, 54–55

early diagnosis of, 27–29

exceptional, 52, 53, 54

focusing on, 33

generic, 51–54

problem solving, 5, 10–11, 49

product breakdown, 41, 45–46

product clutter, 38–39

product concentration, 37–39

productivity, 84, 85–86, 89–104, 116–117

professional employee organizations (PEOs), 76–81, 83, 84, 86–87

profit margins, 41

proletariat, 90–91, 92

Prussian Army, 133

quality, 99–100, 101

readers, 142–143

relationships, 150–153

resource allocation, 38, 40, 44, 47, 107

responsibility

for communication, 5, 9–10, 151–152

for decisions, 4–5, 7–9

for relationships, 150–153

social, 126–128

results, comparing expectations with, 138–141

retirement, 154–155

revenue, 34–37, 39, 41

revenue-producing activities, 36–37

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 56–57, 142–143

salespeople, 36, 97–98, 102

Salvation Army, 106, 107, 108

schools, 123, 125, 126

Schumpeter, Joseph, 120

scientific management, 94, 98, 99

Sears, Roebuck and Company, 22, 28–29, 94–95

second careers, 153–156

self-development, 8–9

self-employed, 130

self-management, 137–156

service workers, 89–93, 95–100, 102–104

sexual harassment lawsuits, 80

short-run results, 31–32

Siemens, Georg, 16

skills, 98–99, 121–122

Sloan, Alfred, 5, 13, 22, 56, 58, 65–66, 68

social entrepreneurs, 154, 155

social innovation, 122

socialism, 136

social power, 126–127

social responsibility, 126–128, 134

society, 128

knowledge, 119–120

in the Middle Ages, 134–135

of organizations, 119–136

pluralistic, 134–136

transformation of, 119–120

Sony, 29

Soviet Union, 86

specialized knowledge, 120

specialties, 38–39, 81–82

Spellman, Francis Cardinal, 11, 12

splintered organizations, 81–83

staffing, 39, 42

decisions, 65–74

failures, 67

for opportunities, 11

standardization, 38

strengths, analyzing your, 137–141

success, 155–156

unexpected, 27, 28

synagogues, 106

tasks

concentrating on, 91, 97–98

defining, 91, 94–96

delegating, 3–4

doing needed, 2–4

Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 85, 91, 92, 93, 94, 98, 99, 101, 102

teams, 132–134

technology, 92–94, 122, 123

temp agencies, 76–79, 81, 83, 84, 86–87

temporary workers, 76, 78, 79, 81, 84

theory of the business, 15–30

abandonment and, 25–26

cure for ailing, 29–30

early diagnosis of problems and, 27–29

obsolescence of, 24–25

parts of, 22–23

preventive care of, 25–27

specifications of valid, 23–24

testing, 24

time management, 7

tools of production, 93, 130–131

totalitarianism, 135

training, 102, 115

Truman, Harry, 1, 2, 142–143

trust, 153

unitary state, 135

Univac, 20

universities, 97, 123, 124, 126, 135

University of Berlin, 16

U.S. military, 122–123

Vail, Theodore, 61, 62

value conflicts, 146–148

values, 145–148

value systems, 126

variable costs, 35

volunteers, 105, 113–117, 130, 155

von Humboldt, Wilhelm, 16

wages, 102–103

walk-around management, 26

Wal-Mart, 26

Welch, Jack, 2, 3, 4

Western civilization, 119

West Point, 22–23

“we” thinking, 5, 13–14

widow makers, 72–73

Wilson, Charles E., 135–136

workers

job knowledge of, 101–102

knowledge (see knowledge workers)

service, 89–93, 95–100, 102–104

See also employees

workforce

changes in, 75–88

productivity, 85–86

working smarter, 91, 93–96, 97, 101, 102

world civilization, 119

Zeiss, 18