Appendix

Leveraging Meetings in Hybrid Work

Schematic illustration of leveraging meetings in hybrid work.

Figure A.1 Leveraging meetings in hybrid work.

When Vanessa Moss, astronomer at Australia's national science agency, recalls some of the hybrid work meetings she had to join, she talks about some of the challenges she faced. Vanessa recalls having a difficult time following along due to ‘choppy audio feeds or people in the office sitting too far from microphones'.1 She also remembers that in some hybrid meetings, the remote meeting attendees, including herself, were often forgotten by the in-person attendees, who dominated the conversation. Vanessa (and the other remote meeting attendees) often heard laughter and chatter from the in-person meeting participants, whom she could not see very well either. Like many, she felt isolated and disempowered. ‘Your voice isn't heard so you translate it into your feelings or thoughts don't matter', said Vanessa.

Vanessa Moss is not the only victim of badly run hybrid meetings: the majority of employees who have joined hybrid meetings have experienced similar issues. Collaboration software Asana gathered its executives during the Covid-19 pandemic for a discussion about the office reopening. Half of the meeting participants were at the office in San Francisco, and the other half joined by video conference. The remote attendees, including the CEO, started to lose their patience as people in the office talked over one another and made side comments. Even the company's Head of People Anne Binder commented that they (the remote meeting attendees) were joking that if they didn't like what somebody said on the screen, they could just mute them. Binder commented: ‘We all had such a terrible experience that we made a decision at the end of that meeting that all executive meetings going forward will be in-person.' She continued, ‘Or they will be fully remote. We're not doing the in-between.'2

Holding hybrid meetings can present many challenges, many of which are relatively new for people. First, hybrid meetings make it very challenging to maintain high levels of engagement for all participants. Remote meeting participants may struggle more to remain engaged throughout; they may have more distractions (package delivery, doorbell ringing, relatives or roommates' interruptions, pets, etc.) and as a result they are more likely to be multitasking. If remote meeting participants are not invited to contribute, they are more likely to be disengaged in the meeting.

Hybrid meetings can also be a barrier to collaboration and teamwork; when meeting participants are in different physical locations, creating a united team that works as a unit can be more challenging than usual. From internet lag to technical issues related to audio or video to poor connectivity, hybrid meetings can be a challenge and contribute to miscommunication or bottlenecks. The security element of hybrid meetings is also a challenge that can prevent teams from being as collaborative and as productive as before. The risks of sensitive data leaking, ransomware, cybersecurity issues, and malware are much higher in hybrid meetings than in traditional face-to-face meetings. This is especially true for hybrid meetings that discuss sensitive information such as board meetings, business review meetings, quarterly business reviews, performance reviews, and HR meetings. Sensitive data, including financial information, data about employees, salaries, profit and loss, and financial performance, are more likely to be leaked, stolen, or used for ransomware attacks in hybrid work meetings. As a result, some hybrid meeting participants might be reluctant to share information and to contribute for fear of putting confidential information at risk; this can lead to productivity issues, communication issues and, of course, cybersecurity issues. Hybrid meetings can also contribute to feelings of exclusion for those who are full-time remote employees. Remote meeting participants can feel left out, isolated, and even excluded from the main conversation, because they are often ‘out of sight, out of mind' and simply forgotten by the meeting attendees who are in the office. As a result, they may not be asked for their input during meetings, or they may be given just a few minutes at the end of the meeting to share their thoughts, when their co-workers in the office had plenty of time to contribute.

Hybrid meetings are what brings hybrid teams together. In a hybrid work environment, they are the vehicle for team collaboration, communication, team building, and creativity. Hybrid meetings involve a combination of in-person and remote meeting participants. Remote participants join the conversation via a video conferencing platform such as Zoom or Microsoft Teams, whereas in-person participants are together in a meeting room in the office. Hybrid meetings are different from remote or virtual meetings, where all participants join remotely (from home or from another location). Hybrid meetings are a unique mix of office components and virtual components. The goal is to facilitate smooth discussion and collaboration and make those things as easy as in a face-to-face meeting. The trend for hybrid meetings is on the rise, especially since the Covid-19 pandemic started in March 2020. According to an article titled ‘Addressing the Biggest Challenges of Hosting Hybrid Events' published by Harvard Business Review, ‘In 2021, 64% of businesses say they're increasing their virtual events, and 58% say they're planning for a mix of virtual and in-person events.'3 In an article published by Forbes and titled ‘Four Reasons Your Company Should Pivot To Hybrid Events', leading speakers bureau All American Entertainment surveyed its clients about their 2021 event plans, and it revealed that ‘about two-thirds of those surveyed said they are actively moving ahead with in-person, virtual, and hybrid event planning for 2021'.4 In a survey ran by Cisco titled ‘The Rise of the Hybrid Workplace: A Global Survey of Executives, Employee Experience Experts, and Knowledge Workers' published in October 2020, it was found that 98% of those surveyed expect all meetings to include remote participants.

With the majority of knowledge workers choosing to continue working remotely as much as possible, hybrid meetings are here to stay. There are some very good reasons and benefits for it as well! First, hybrid meetings can significantly boost efficiency. They can allow employees to reduce travel time, and they can join more meetings if they don't have to travel between each one. It also allows more employees to join meetings because a more diverse group of people can now join, even if they are not physically located in the same office. hybrid meetings are also more inclusive than traditional office meetings because they allow employees to join remotely, who would not otherwise be able to work. For example, parents caring for young children can do the school run in the morning and in the afternoon can work remotely, having the flexibility to work and care for their children at the same time. Disabled individuals no longer have to face the commute to work as they can now join meetings remotely. Individuals living in remote neighbourhoods due to lower incomes can now join meetings remotely without having to face an expensive commute every day. Hybrid meetings simply give more employees access to work and are therefore more equitable and more inclusive than traditional in-person meetings; they are also more convenient because they can be recorded, rewatched, and shared with more people afterwards. Hybrid meetings are also much more cost-effective than off-site meetings at expensive venues; if your organization embraces hybrid meetings and hybrid work, it will probably downsize its office space and save important office costs for your organization. However, as mentioned previously, there is a real risk if hybrid meetings are not run inclusively; if remote participants are not proactively invited to the conversation, remain quiet the entire meeting, or only have a few minutes to share their input compared to their in-office colleagues, you may unconsciously create a two-tiered workforce: one where in-office employees are more included and recognized, and remote employees are more excluded and underappreciated. So you must follow a few strategies to ensure that your hybrid meetings are inclusive, equitable, and optimized for your hybrid team:

  • Appoint hybrid meeting facilitators

    Hybrid meetings always present a risk for remote meeting participants that they will not be heard, valued, or included as much as their office colleagues. A study of 1000 employees recently conducted by Business Electricity Prices found that ‘53% of remote employees are worried about being left out of in-person team meetings and other activities that take place in the office'.5 Another study titled ‘2019 State of the Digital Workspace' by software firm Igloo found that 70% of remote workers feel left out of the workplace.6 Remote employees are indeed feeling more excluded and left out from hybrid meetings than their office counterparts, and for good reason: they are much more likely to be forgotten, excluded, and not paid attention to during hybrid meetings. This is why appointing a meeting facilitator for all your hybrid meetings is key to creating an inclusive and equitable meeting experience for all meeting participants, not just in-office workers.

  • Meeting facilitators also pay attention to group dynamics to ensure that diverse perspectives are being heard, and not just perspectives from the loudest and the most extrovert or the most senior participants. Meeting, facilitators also take notes, share agendas before the meeting, and share summaries and actions after the meeting to communicate well with all meeting participants before, during, and after the meeting.
  • Pay attention to details

    As Vanessa Moss explained when she joined hybrid meetings remotely, working at Australia's national science agency, she often heard laughter and chatter from the in-person meeting participants whilst not being able to participate at all. These side conversations can really impact how remote participants feel in hybrid meetings, making them feel more excluded and isolated. When hosting hybrid meetings, pay attention to details such as side conversations and side jokes from office participants that exclude remote meeting participants. Don't be afraid to speak up and say, ‘I'm hearing a lot of side conversations which are excluding our remote participants, can we make sure we speak to the entire group?' Likewise, if you notice that some remote participants unmute themselves, or try to make a point and get into the conversation but they struggle, call it out. You may say: ‘I noticed that Sarah unmuted herself, and Jane was trying to say something; Sarah, Jane, what would you like to say?'

  • Use the round-robin method

    If you are new to managing hybrid meetings and you have not had a chance to appoint a meeting facilitator just yet, a simple way to ensure that you host an inclusive and equitable meeting is to use the round-robin method. This method, also called round-robin brainstorming, essentially allows everyone to contribute in an equal manner. It allows all meeting participants to share ideas without being influenced by one person. Ask each team member to think about a contribution or an idea, comment, or feedback they want to share related to the topic of the meeting; ask each meeting participant to share their idea in turn and when they are done, ask the next person to do the same. Once each meeting participant has had a chance to share their idea, continue with this circular contribution swap as long as necessary until the time is up. This simple method allows all remote meeting participants to contribute and speak up as much as in-office meeting participants. It fosters equity and inclusion for remote meeting participants and reminds office participants that they also have colleagues joining remotely.

  • Pair remote workers with office workers

    Pairing employees is a practice that has existed for a while and has been used across many industries. Many companies pair a new employee, or new starter, with someone who has been working at the company for a while to help the new starter navigate his new workplace more effectively. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has pushed more companies to widen pairing to remote workers. More companies are now pairing remote workers with office workers in an attempt to foster more inclusion in the workplace. These organizations have found that remote team pairing improves collaboration, increases engagement, and boosts morale of both employees. This system is also referred to as the ‘buddy system' because it essentially assigns a remote employee a ‘buddy' or a friendly person to be their guide in the organization. During hybrid meetings, the office-based buddy stays connected to their remote buddy, invites them to get into the conversation, and notices when the remote buddy is struggling to get in or wants to speak.

The rise of hybrid meetings and events is a trend that continues to grow, in every country, in every industry, and in every organization, no matter how big or small. According to a 2020 Marketing Charts survey, half (50.7%) of executives think that in the future, all live events will possess a virtual dimension.7 According to a 2020 AMEX study, event organizers reported that 23.6% of their events in 2021 will include a virtual component and will be smaller local events with fewer than 25 attendees who will require no air travel or hotel rooms. Whether your company is planning hybrid events, or whether you simply want to create more inclusive and equitable hybrid meetings, you need to learn how to host hybrid meetings in an inclusive and equitable way. By appointing hybrid meeting facilitators who are trained on keeping equitable practices in a hybrid work environment, by paying attention to small details and dynamics in the group, by using the round-robin method to guarantee equitable speaking time, and by pairing remote workers with office workers, you will host hybrid meetings that are equitable, inclusive, and fair towards your remote workers.

Common Pitfalls of Hybrid Work and How to Overcome Them

When American social news website Reddit decided to adopt remote work and to have a distributed workforce, the company invested in the best video conferencing systems and state-of-the-art remote working tools. The San Francisco–based company spent time learning remote-work best practices from other distributed companies. Although the company found that remote employees did good work and were productive, it decided to end the remote work policy just two years after starting it. CEO Yishan Wong explained, ‘As it turns out, our teams (within each office) and remote workers did good work, but the separation has kept us from effectively being able to coordinate as well as we needed to on a full-company level. Big efforts that require quick action, deep understanding, and efficient coordination between people at multiple offices just don't go as well as we (and our users) needed.'8 In other words, Reddit's CEO claimed that communication suffered because of remote work – speed and problem-solving were negatively affected due to remote working.

Reddit isn’t the only company that had a poor experience with hybrid work. American web services provider Yahoo also had an experiment with remote work, which didn’t go to plan. Less than a year after joining Yahoo as the CEO, Marissa Mayer suddenly banned remote work in the company. Yahoo's CEO memo announced that remote workers should either relocate close to the office or quit. The memo said that ‘to become the absolute best place to work, communication and collaboration will be important, so we need to be working side-by-side. That is why it is critical that we are all present in our offices.' Yahoo's CEO also demanded that even employees working one or two days in the office submit to the new regime of office-based work. The memo explained that ‘speed and quality are often sacrificed when we work from home'. However, was the decision to end remote work at Yahoo justified? Some Yahoo employees revealed that there was ‘little effort to stay in touch regularly,' suggesting that the company failed to handle internal communication well; another former Yahoo employee shared that working from home actually made them a lot more productive, quoting: ‘I didn't have to put up with numbskull self-important programmers constantly yakking to each other LOUDLY from the next set of cubicles about non-work-related stuff, and I wasn't being distracted every 20 minutes by some bored soul coming over to my desk to go for coffee or foosball.'9

Hybrid work can present some real challenges, especially for teams and organizations that are not well prepared for it. As the example of Yahoo demonstrates, hybrid work can sometimes struggle with collaboration challenges; Yahoo's CEO cited that ‘speed and quality were often sacrificed when we work from home'. Marissa Mayer also said, ‘We need to be working side-by-side because communication and collaboration are important. That is why it is critical that we are all present in our offices.' To a certain extent, she is right: when hybrid teams are not managed properly, and not given the right attention and guidelines, their collaboration and communication can suffer. Of course, poor internet connection, working different hours, and living in different countries and continents can also hinder communication and collaboration in hybrid work. Hybrid working can sometimes mean that remote employees have less access to information. If managers have not prepared well by implementing a few best practices to share information, remote workers and hybrid employees may struggle more than their office counterparts to access information easily and on time. Remote and hybrid employees may also be more at risk of not getting promoted or offered career and development opportunities at the same rate as office workers; it might be unintentional and the result of unconscious bias towards remote and hybrid employees, but research has demonstrated that ‘out-of-sight' employees are more likely to miss out on career development opportunities as opposed to their office peers. Hybrid work might sometimes lead hybrid and remote employees to feel like they are more excluded and isolated from the team in comparison to their office colleagues; many studies have demonstrated this. A survey of employees conducted by the Royal Society for Public Health found that two-thirds (67%) of workers who shifted from the office to home during the pandemic felt less connected to their colleagues.10 The same survey also highlighted disparities between different demographics: women were more likely than men to report feeling isolated (58% and 39% respectively). Another study conducted by OnePoll surveyed 2000 work-from-home Americans to explore the social impact of being away from the workplace after more than a year of remote work. It revealed that 7 in 10 employees who work from home are feeling more isolated compared to being in the office. With the absence of in-person events, 63% felt less engaged with their team, as the average employee felt disconnected.11

If the common pitfalls of hybrid work environments are not addressed, hybrid teams can suffer greatly from a lack of collaboration, decreased productivity, lower employee morale and engagement, greater employee turnover, bad reputation in the market, and can even fail completely. This is why it is fundamental that hybrid team managers and leaders take some steps to prevent the most frequent issues that can arise in hybrid work. Below are some of the most common pitfalls and issues that can arise in hybrid work and how to overcome them:

  • Collaboration and communication challenges

    In hybrid work, communication tends to be more asynchronous, meaning that it doesn't happen in real-time, but rather, there is a delay between the time the person delivers the message and the time the recipient receives it. A typical example of this is when hybrid teams use instant messaging tools such as Slack-many messengers wait to get a reply to their message. Delayed replies to messages can hinder communication and collaboration, and can also create some silos between in-office workers and remote workers.

    By implementing an effective hybrid communication strategy, managers can mitigate the risks of poor communication in hybrid work. First, managers should reassess their current communication framework. By asking a few simple questions – What tools do employees use to communicate each day? What are the guidelines for meetings? What training is provided to employees on communication tools? – managers can get a picture of the areas that require improvement. Leaders should define policies and workflows for the ideal communication in hybrid work, and they should communicate about it often via all channels. Leaders should seek frequent feedback from their teams on areas for improvement related to communication, both qualitative and quantitative. Team leaders should host frequent ‘lunch and learn' sessions and invite the entire team to discuss communication and collaboration successes and areas for improvement. Team leaders should also leverage team meetings and one-to-ones to ensure that all employees are included in the relevant projects.

  • Access to information and knowledge

    In January 2022, a Gartner research paper titled ‘Checklist for Ensuring Hybrid Workers Can Always Find the Information They Need' revealed that ‘Among the biggest barriers to productivity for remote and hybrid workers is the inability to find the information they need for their day-to-day work.12 This problem is exacerbated by the lack of ‘walking-around knowledge' – that is, knowledge gained by asking colleagues questions during casual encounters in, for example, the cafeteria or corridor.' For knowledge workers, having instant and easy access to important information is key to doing their job effectively and efficiently. However, many companies have struggled to make access to information and knowledge easy and simple in hybrid work. Companies such as Yahoo and Reddit have blamed a lack of access to information and knowledge for failing at remote work.

    Team leaders can follow a few simple steps to make information accessible to everyone in hybrid work. Firstly, managers should ensure that they build an effective onboarding process. Quality and proven onboarding processes set teams up for success when it comes to information sharing. Managers should also reinforce the guidelines of information sharing by following the guidelines themselves. When managers actually follow the rules themselves, their team members are much more likely to follow in their footsteps. Organizations should also reorganize and centralize knowledge in hybrid work, so that remote and hybrid workers can easily find the data they need to do their jobs efficiently. Successful hybrid teams must document processes such as recording information in a central place and make it available to everyone. Creating virtual workplaces is another great way to share information; many tools such as Microsoft Teams offer virtual workplaces for teams to spend time together and share information as if they were in the same office. Managers should promote regular training, pairing team members from different departments and mentoring schemes: training and pairing employees promotes knowledge sharing. Finally, managers should also promote an information-sharing culture by sharing what they know often, encouraging their team members to share knowledge, and discouraging information hoarding.

  • Unconscious bias and the two-tier workforce

    Hybrid work is still a relatively new way of working and for many workers, it is unfamiliar and different to what they have experienced before. As a result, the majority of employees, including leaders and team leaders, hold some degree of unconscious bias towards hybrid work and towards hybrid and remote workers. Many believe unconsciously that hybrid work hinders employee experience, that it makes hybrid workers less productive, and even less innovative. Many managers I have worked with believe that remote workers and hybrid workers are simply not as committed to their job as their office colleagues. For some managers, this belief is very conscious and openly shared; for others, this belief is unconscious and implicit – this is when proximity bias and distance bias come into play.

  • In order to avoid creating a two-tier workforce that is unfair and to prevent unconscious bias towards hybrid and remote workers, organizations can follow a few simple strategies. First, organizations should invest in training and development for managers of hybrid teams. Most managers have never been taught how to manage a hybrid team, so by training them and giving them the tools to do so, organizations remove the risk of unconscious bias. Organizations should also survey their employees on their perceptions and experiences of proximity bias. Questions should include, for example: Have you been impacted by proximity bias? If so, how? Do you believe that office workers are favoured over remote workers? Do you believe that you or your colleagues have been treated differently because of where you work from? Leaders should also revisit their workplace policies and processes to ensure there is no bias towards in-person workers. Many workplace policies were written decades ago and have not been revisited since hybrid and flexible work have become more common. Companies should also educate employees to discuss unconscious bias, proximity bias, and distance bias by sharing educational resources, holding company town hall meetings about this topic, and planning training sessions about unconscious bias during the year. Finally, by monitoring feedback and surveying employees throughout the year, organizations can mitigate the risk of unconscious bias coming into play.
  • Employee engagement and camaraderie

    Since the Covid-19 pandemic and the introduction of remote and hybrid work, many research papers have revealed how employees feel more disengaged and less connected than in office environments. According to a poll of over 2000 employers and employees from all around the world that was published in the Harvard Business Review, as many as two-thirds of employees who work remotely are not engaged in their work. The poll also discovered that employees who work outside of the office are less likely to remain with their companies for the long haul.13 Feelings of connection and belonging are key to retaining employees and they should be intentionally nurtured in a hybrid work environment, where opportunities for spontaneous and organic communication are less frequent than in a traditional office environment.

Leaders can also identify ‘culture champions' in their own teams; recognising ‘super connectors' and allowing them to drive employee engagement programmes can significantly improve employee engagement and camaraderie in the hybrid workplace. Finally, fostering celebration is a great way to boost camaraderie in hybrid work; acknowledging small and big wins and recognizing success is a powerful way to bring teams together around their success. Creating a culture that celebrates career achievements, anniversaries, and even personal life events is a great way to bring the team together in a positive way and to create rapport and connection opportunities.

Hybrid work can still present some challenges for managers and organizations at large, especially for managers who are relatively new to leading hybrid teams and who might hold some unconscious bias towards in-person work.

Some organizations have tried to shift to hybrid and remote work, and failed, like in the cases of Reddit and Yahoo, mostly because they didn’t prepare and plan for a successful hybrid work environment. Luckily, there are practical ways for leaders and managers to mitigate the risks related to hybrid work. As American author and leadership expert Jocko Willink said, ‘Leading people is the most challenging and, therefore, the most gratifying undertaking of all human endeavors.'

Checklist for the Four-Pillar Framework

The main goal of this book is to provide leaders with a guide to successfully build, retain, and develop a thriving team in a hybrid work environment. Throughout this book, I have shared a variety of strategies to do that, by using the four-pillar framework that I have developed and refined throughout my years of consulting with organizations. Although I have done my very best to make this four-pillar framework as simple and straightforward as possible, I realize that it covers a lot of concepts and that it may be time-consuming to go back to it and search for information quickly. This is why I want to share with you a practical checklist that you can use ‘on the go' and easily go back to when you need a refresher. I have used the same four-pillar framework, and I have added a handy list of items to check and ensure that you are on the right track. The best way to use this checklist is to simply write down each item listed on a blank sheet of paper and to honestly write down where you stand next to each item. You will be able to easily identify areas where you are doing well already as well as areas for improvement. Here goes:

Pillar I: Create a Unified Hybrid Leadership Team

  1. Using values to unify
    • I articulate who, in my leadership team, is involved in the process of identifying company values.
    • I get full commitment and buy-in from the leadership team on company values.
    • I encourage my leadership team to research inspiring core values.
    • I consolidate company values with my management team to integrate the ones that resonate most.
    Schematic illustration of Pillar I – Create a unified hybrid leadership team.

    Figure A.2 Pillar I – Create a unified hybrid leadership team.

  2. Role-modelling and setting the tone
    • I build trust by refraining from rushing to fix things; instead, I allow my team members to think through challenges themselves.
    • I build trust by saying when I don't know.
    • I adopt a positive attitude by being mindful about how much time is spent with negative co-workers.
    • I adopt a positive attitude by choosing positive language and becoming more conscious of the words being used.
    • I adopt a positive attitude by being nice to colleagues.
    • I inspire my team by setting a clear goal for my leadership team to inspire their team.
    • I inspire my team by offering personal and professional development opportunities, encouraging continuous learning (online or face-to-face), normalizing feedback, and encouraging knowledge sharing.
    • I inspire my team by sending regular pulse surveys asking for feedback and taking action on the feedback shared with me.
    • I inspire my team by exhibiting integrity and by conveying the importance of integrity within my leadership team.
    • I inspire my team by exhibiting integrity and by asking my management team: ‘What makes integrity important in our organization?' ‘How will integrity allow you to do your best work?' ‘Who do you need to work with to exhibit high levels of integrity?'
  3. Setting common goals
    • I identify business goals for my leadership team by facilitating the process and letting my leaders contribute so that they feel emotionally involved in the goals.
    • I ensure that my leadership team comes up with their own common goals because it creates accountability and ownership within my team, and it will keep team members aligned towards a shared objective.
    • I pose the following questions to my leadership team to help them set common goals: ‘What does our company/team/business unit stand for? What are our values?' ‘What is the reason the company/team/business unit was created?' ‘Where do we want the company/team/business unit to be in 10 years, in 20 years and in 30 years?' ‘What is one goal that will never be compromised for other goals? In other words, what value is more important than any other value in our company/team/business unit?'
    • I help my leadership team set SMART team goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely) because I understand that when my leadership team do this they are much more likely to focus their efforts and achieve their goal.
    • I ask my leadership team the following questions to help them set specific SMART team goals: ‘Are our team goals specific enough?' ‘Are our team goals measurable? If so, how will we measure our goals?' ‘Are our team goals achievable?' ‘Are our team goals realistic?' ‘Do our team goals have a timeline associated with them?'
    • I shared with my leadership team some examples of SMART team goals.
    • I make sure that my SMART team goals are aligned with the business goals that have been previously identified by our team.
    • I document team goals because I understand that writing down goals increases the likelihood of achieving them.
    • I ask each of my leaders to write down the team goals in their strategy and to share their strategy with each other.
    • I encourage my team to use active words such as, ‘We will increase our customer NPS to 90% within the next 6 months across all geographies.'
    • I don't have just one leader solely accountable for a team goal; I ensure that every leader plays an active role for each team goal by articulating how each leader will play a role for each goal.
    • I am specific and clear about what success looks like.
    • I ensure that each team goal is connected to the business goals and the organization's values.
    • I measure progress on team goals through frequent check-ins and ensure that progress tracking is part of our regular meetings agenda.
  4. Creating opportunities to co-lead
    • I match leaders intentionally for co-leadership projects by thinking about the outcome and asking questions such as, ‘What am I hoping to achieve with this co-leadership team?' ‘What result do I wish to get with this specific team of leaders?' ‘How will this co-leadership further unify my leadership team?'
    • If some of my leaders are not as aligned or as unified as I want them to be, I consider asking them to become a unit by inviting them to co-lead a specific project together.
    • I always consider matching leaders from departments that do not usually interact because I understand that these cross-functional, co-leadership teams will spark creativity and innovation and open up new collaborations that will further align my leadership team.
    • I monitor and facilitate the relationship between co-leaders because I understand that co-leadership projects will inevitably bring some conflicts. I know that healthy conflict is actually essential for the success of the organization because it allows everyone to feel heard and valued, and it helps reach the best outcome for the business.
    • I expect conflict, and I tell my leaders to also expect natural, healthy conflict during their co-leadership journey to normalize healthy, productive conflict within my leadership team.
    • I encourage my co-leaders to establish some rules that will help them reflect on their co-leadership dynamics.
    • I remind my co-leaders to ask for help when they meet a roadblock.
    • I remind co-leaders to define roles and responsibilities.
    • I encourage my co-leaders to be open and honest about who owns what and to keep each other accountable.
    • I encourage my co-leaders to bring the fun into their co-leadership projects.
    • I remind my team that co-leaders who are having the most fun in their projects are often those who also are the most successful with their projects.
  5. Scheduling informal time
    • I set up non-work-related spaces to better build rapport, trust, and positive feelings among my leadership team.
    • I create Slack channels that are dedicated to non-work topics, including: pets, family, games, motivation, travel, weekend plans, etc., for my leadership team to encourage small talk and informal conversations between my leaders.
    • I encourage the CEO, managing director, or the most senior person to be an active participant in these non-work-related Slack channels so that other leaders and employees will mirror their CEO's behaviour and share their own personal stories.
    • I host virtual breakfasts, lunches, and coffee breaks, and I pick a day and time that suits most people by taking into consideration time zones or by rotating the time to make it fair for everyone in a dispersed team.
    • I pay for my team lunches because it demonstrates that it is my organization/team/business unit who wants to facilitate social interactions between all colleagues, and because it also sends the message that my organization values time spent together socializing.
    • I test the format of my virtual breakfasts, lunches, and coffee breaks and I let participants get involved.
    • I host group learning sessions because I understand that leaders and employees will stay at the company longer if I invest in their career development. I recognize that learning and development sessions at work boost employee engagement and improve collaboration.

Pillar II: Build Extreme Transparency

  1. Attract and retain transparent people
    • I check all candidates' references rigorously by posing open questions about the candidates to their previous employers and listening without interrupting.
    • I document everything so that I can go back to my notes if needed at a later stage.
    • I contact the references myself if I am the hiring manager, rather than using a third-party agency, because it's important that I speak with previous managers to get as much context and background as possible about my prospective employee.
    • I give candidates assessments to test their skills, work style, and experience before hiring because I understand that assessment tests are a great opportunity for me to assess how transparent the candidate is, based on the information they shared previously on the resume.
      Schematic illustration of Pillar II – Build extreme transparency.

      Figure A.3 Pillar II – Build extreme transparency.

    • I research the candidates online to judge whether they are the candidate they claim to be on their resume because this will help establish how transparent and trustworthy they really are.
    • I pay attention to a candidate's body language and tone of voice during the interview process because these can reveal a lot more about them than the words they use.
  2. Encourage leaders to embrace social media
    • I encourage my team leaders to embrace social media by sharing valuable information for our customers online because I understand that this will organically build trust with our customer base, and it will also build credibility and thought leadership.
    • I encourage my team leaders to embrace social media by reading and responding to people's reactions online because I understand that social media is a two-way communication, and this will build engagement.
    • I understand that connecting with customers online will also build brand loyalty, so by inviting my leaders to read users' comments and respond, it will demonstrate that we actually care about our customers and prospects.
    • I invite my leaders to leverage social media by focusing on company culture because I understand the importance of engaging with employees' posts on social media.
    • I encourage my team leaders to embrace social media by being authentic.
    • I invite my leaders to leverage social media by sharing what they are comfortable sharing and building on it, because I understand that the more they share, the more natural it will become for them to share, and the more trust it will build with our community.
  3. Promote open communication
    • I host open meetings where all participants are encouraged to speak up and contribute.
    • I often implement the round-robin method where each participant takes a turn to speak.
    • I often appoint a dedicated meeting host to ensure that each participant gets equal speaking time.
    • I foster open communication in hybrid work by limiting the use of chats during meetings because this can be very distracting and take the attention away from the presenter.
    • I encourage meeting participants to speak up if they have any question or feedback during the meeting so that everyone can hear them and focus on what is being said rather than being distracted by the chat conversation.
    • I prioritize networking as often as possible to foster open communication.
    • I often start meetings with some icebreaker questions for the participants.
    • Wherever possible, I try to schedule some networking and team-building time face-to-face as this is the most powerful way to build rapport. If face-to-face team-building is not possible, I host virtual networking meetings.
    • I do frequent check-ins with my team, and I practise an open-door policy.
    • I send emails to my team to say that I am available at specific times for catch-ups to encourage people to call me and discuss any topic they want to.
    • I invite people to add colleagues during meetings when needed to encourage an open-door policy in a virtual world.
  4. Create a flatter organization
    • I empower front-line employees to get involved with the leadership team.
    • I create opportunities for front-line employees to speak directly with the leadership team.
    • I host regular all-hands meetings that are hosted by individual contributors because this is a powerful way to achieve extreme transparency and to let information flow from employees who are ‘on the ground'.
    • I delegate decision-making to everyone because each employee is trusted to make the best decision for the organization, without any need to request approvals.
    • I encourage everyone to become role models, even more than in an in-person environment.
    • If I work in a hybrid work environment, I work as many days remotely as I do in the office, sending the message that I support a hybrid work environment.
    • I encourage my senior managers to become inspirational leaders and to lift people up by celebrating employee empowerment.
    • I invite leaders in my team to embrace opportunities to mentor some employees to show their support and availability.
    • I lead through consensus because as the organization becomes flatter and as the team continues to be geographically distributed, it is important that leaders transition from a traditional ‘command and control' leadership approach to a ‘consensus-led' approach to leadership.
    • I often ask open questions in team meetings; I listen and take notes.
  5. Create employee-to-leadership communication channels
    • I support two-way communication between the leadership team and employees.
    • I host long Q&A sessions in my weekly town hall meeting, and I host special Q&A sessions based on the feedback I received in previous town halls to show that I listen and that I care, and I want to continue the discussion.
    • I proactively ask for feedback, and I act upon it.
    • I make information accessible to every employee, in a way that makes it easy for employees to find where the information is.
    • I foster a culture of authenticity to build trust in a hybrid work environment.
    • I understand that authentic leaders who communicate often to all employees build more trust and transparency in the organization and set the tone for what type of relationships they want to see in their organizations.
    • I measure employee engagement in order to adjust the communication channels.

Pillar III: Overcommunicate Through All Channels

  1. Assess your communication channels
    • I survey employee engagement by sending a monthly pulse survey focusing on communication. I make sure that this survey is anonymous so that employees feel safe to voice their concerns and ideas in a secure environment. I also analyse results based on the employee working style: the responses from fully remote employees might differ from the responses of the fully office-based employees, which might also differ from the hybrid employees.
      Schematic illustration of Pillar III – Overcommunicate through all channels.

      Figure A.4 Pillar III – Overcommunicate through all channels.

    • I host focus groups to discuss communication channels. I take the time to collect qualitative feedback to understand the real challenges and opportunities related to communication in hybrid work.
    • I study performance data from communication tools and technologies, including performance data from the monthly internal newsletter, intranet usage, instant messaging app, monthly all-hands Zoom call, or any other internal communication channel.
    • I pay attention to employee turnover, and I hold exit interviews and spend time with employees leaving to understand their reasons for leaving.
  2. Schedule strategic regular meetings
    • I choose the right meeting cadence for my team to decide whether we should hold quarterly meetings, monthly meetings, weekly meetings, or daily meetings, based on their feedback and need.
    • I ask my team how often they wish to meet.
    • I set up some cadence meetings with my direct reports.
    • I ensure that I don’t cancel one-to-one meetings without rescheduling because it will be more difficult to build trust, inclusion, and belonging in a hybrid work setting if I frequently cancel important cadence meetings.
    • I set up cadence meetings with the team because I understand that teams really come together when they meet.
    • I pay attention to the time allocated versus the time actually spent in team meetings.
    • I focus on team morale and engagement at work because this is a great indicator of the effectiveness of my team meetings.
    • I frequently ask myself if the people in the meeting are the right meeting participants and if some of them should be in separate meetings, and I do an audit of my meeting agenda.
  3. Cultivate empathy and appreciation in communication
    • I acknowledge and compliment employees' work when necessary, especially remote workers and hybrid workers who could often feel that their hard work is not being recognized as much as their office-based counterparts.
    • I understand that people working in positive environments where praising is common practice are more likely to praise their co-workers' work, which in turn, creates a virtuous cycle of praise, appreciation, and empathy.
    • I encourage managers to show their appreciation of their hybrid team by offering rewards.
    • I often ask for feedback about work, workload, and progress, as well as about work-life balance, any need or help, or anything else that the employee feels is important.
    • I take time to build trust and rapport with each and every one of my colleagues before asking for feedback.
    • I build rapport with my colleagues every day by checking in often, asking open questions, and practising active listening.
    • I leverage technology to collect feedback by sending monthly employee pulse surveys to gather quantitative feedback.
    • I support flexible work by becoming a vocal advocate of flexible work.
    • I often talk about my support for flexible work during team meetings, one-to-one check-ins, and any company all-hands meetings.
    • I often ask my team members and co-workers how they feel about their current working environment, and I listen to their requests.
    • I always seek to find out if any of my team members are going through a challenging time and might need special working arrangements to demonstrate empathy and to nurture a culture of camaraderie and support, which is fundamental in a hybrid workplace.
  4. Co-create a new communication framework
    • I identify and articulate new engagement rules in hybrid work because I understand that communication is more asynchronous than in an office setting, that employee distractions from work are more frequent (family members, kids, pets, deliveries, etc.), and that it is more challenging to achieve a sense of familiarity between employees organically.
    • I ask my colleagues how they want to engage with each other, what channels they prefer to use for each project, and how they want to share information in a way that is productive and mindful of everyone's work preferences.
    • I do not assume that my own personal preferences are the same as my team members' and ask my team how and when they want to collaborate.
    • Once I have identified how my team likes to collaborate, I write down these rules of engagement, and I share them with the wider organization and make them accessible to everyone.
    • I revisit our rules of engagement regularly as new team members join the team and as new needs and trends arise, to refresh them and keep them current.
    • I document processes and technology to improve collaboration, especially for new starters who are not familiar with the systems and the team.
    • I discuss with my team members what they would like to document in relation to communication guidelines.
    • I write a handbook for my team on how to communicate in a hybrid work setting and share this handbook with new starters and the wider organization.
    • I organize office working days by allowing employees to decide how often they want to meet in-person, where they want to meet in-person, and what format they prefer for a face-to-face gathering.
    • I ask colleagues what works for them and how I can facilitate in-person meetings, I invite all employees to contribute to the discussion, and I listen to what is being said.
    • I involve people in organizing in-person office working days to build a more participative approach to communication in my team.
    • I schedule time for frequent improvements for my team's communication framework.
    • I discuss with my team members how often we should revisit our communication framework.
    • I often ask my colleagues when they would like to refresh the team's communication guidelines and tools to adjust to their changing needs.
  5. Communicate with equity and inclusion in mind
    • I make a point to over communicate with all employees in order to make everyone feel included and part of the team.
    • I replicate informal office interactions.
    • I send weekly emails to my team, I host informal chats with remote employees, I encourage pre- and post-meeting socializing, I hold company-wide meetings to sync up, and I highlight my team's success internally.
    • I refresh my internal communication channels and also help create more inclusion and equity between remote employees and office employees.
    • I describe explicitly which channels should be used for various types of communications (email, chat apps, meetings, etc.).
    • I encourage more inclusive practices such as choosing to use group email threads where project discussions are visible to everyone rather than one-to-one emails.
    • I ensure equitable practices by reviewing workplace practices and policies, as they might hold hidden bias towards in-person workers, giving them an unfair advantage.
    • I focus on results-based performance rather than office-presence evaluations to ensure that remote workers are assessed fairly.
    • I am intentionally transparent about the principles used to determine who gets promoted, who gets recognition, who gets new projects, who gets new assignments, etc.
    • I hold people accountable to create a culture where a sense of fairness is pervasive.
    • I monitor feedback closely to recognize the needs of remote workers.
    • I talk openly with my team, acknowledging the issues that hybrid work can bring and hosting team meetings to discuss hybrid work.
    • I organize team-building activities such as a group walk ‘n' talk.
    • I start a unique conversation by creating a list of unique questions for my team.

Pillar IV: Unify Cross-Cultural Hybrid Teams Through Cultural Awareness

  1. Promote psychological safety and inclusion
    • I set the tone and lead the way because I understand that, in a virtual-first work environment, employees look up to their team leader, managers, and leadership team more than in a traditional office setting for direction on how to behave.
      Schematic illustration of Pillar IV – Unify cross-cultural hybrid teams through cultural awareness.

      Figure A.5 Pillar IV – Unify cross-cultural hybrid teams through cultural awareness.

    • I am willing to be vulnerable and model that it is acceptable to make mistakes, in order to build psychological safety.
    • I frequently say thank you to people sharing opinions and using a direct and respectful style of communication.
    • I challenge assumptions, and I commit fully once decisions are made and respond positively to challenges.
    • I share positive examples of successful organizations that have achieved amazing success based on their focus on psychological safety, to help convince my team that they should try it.
    • I help people connect by facilitating conversations that are focused on building connections, rapport, and camaraderie between team members.
    • I host meetings to discuss everyone's hobbies, favourite holiday destinations, and interests outside of work. I create Slack channels for my team to discuss personal news and hobbies. I start an Employee Resource Group about common interests in my team.
    • I create a space for my team members to share their personal interests and to help them connect and create more psychological safety in my hybrid team.
    • I am vigilant, and I watch out for harmful comments.
    • I pay extra attention to seemingly harmless comments from team members such as, ‘you should already know this, we already talked about it last week', ‘you should be familiar with that process since you have been here six months', or ‘we already discussed that and decided what to do so there is no need to debate it anymore'.
  2. Create a cross-cultural awareness programme
    • I plan for success before I start implementing any cross-cultural awareness programme, and I consider how much my team is already going through.
    • I find ways to get my team excited about a cross-cultural awareness programme so that they are interested and fully embrace it.
    • I ask my team what they would like to learn about each other's cultures.
    • I share examples of successful teams that have embraced cultural diversity awareness and that have become twice as productive as a result.
    • I explain why I believe that cultural awareness in our team will help everyone better understand each other and communicate in a hybrid work environment.
    • I leverage existing channels and regular meetings to facilitate this cultural awareness programme.
    • I use storytelling as a way to communicate about cultural awareness because stories are universal, and they transcend cultures and individual backgrounds.
    • I share anecdotes about cultural awareness to help increase employee engagement, because people respond to people and get inspired by other people they can connect with.
    • I encourage employees to share their stories related to cultural awareness, without forcing them to do so.
    • I prioritize culturally aware communication within my team.
    • I become more aware of local colloquialisms and expressions, and I replace these informal ways of speaking with more standard ways of speaking to improve communication.
    • I raise awareness about differences in communication styles by sharing examples.
    • I understand that learning is a journey.
    • I understand that we all have unconscious biases and we all communicate differently based on the culture we were raised in.
    • I set the expectations with my team members that understanding cultural differences is a journey, not a destination.
    • I set the tone that we are all in this together and are all here to learn and attract more interest and engagement from cultural awareness training.
  3. Consider language fluency and national communication norms
    • I take into consideration language training for my team.
    • I understand that some of my employees might not understand all the idioms, expressions, and ways of saying things that are used by my native English speaking team members.
    • I explain to my team that language training can improve understanding from all the non-native English speakers in our team.
    • I use simple language, and I repeat myself often to establish the rule implicitly that others should do the same.
    • I avoid using jargon, idioms, or complicated vocabulary when it's not necessary.
    • I share the message that simplicity in language is key, especially when my team is hybrid, international, and distributed over different countries.
    • I also use visuals that are universally understood in my presentations to convey my message clearly, such as infographics, charts, and pictures.
    • I discuss cultural differences, and I show respect for other cultures.
    • I talk about famous cultural holidays in the countries where my team members are from, to educate my team about different norms and traditions.
    • I celebrate all the national holidays of the countries that my employees come from to create the opportunity for my team to spend some time together whilst learning about a colleague's country history and culture.
    • I remind my team to show respect for other cultures and languages.
    • I do not tolerate jokes about language skills, and I act as a role model for the rest of the team to create a more united environment.
  4. Address conflict immediately
    • When conflict arises in my team, I document the conflict and gather the facts.
    • If there is a conflict, I contact each team member involved and have a conversation individually to gather information about the issue.
    • I also explain to my team members what I have observed about the situation, and I ask open questions.
    • When conflict or tension arises in my team, I acknowledge it and discuss it openly.
    • I understand that in a hybrid work setting, many conflicts happen because long-standing issues have been unresolved due to managers not noticing them and/or not addressing them.
    • I use existing regular team meetings to discuss any issue that needs to be addressed.
    • Once I have acknowledged and discussed existing tensions in the team, I make a point to also celebrate team success to set the tone and encourage teamwork and collaboration.
    • I sometimes also discuss team conflicts online on a Slack channel if many of the team members work remotely and in a different time zone, so that I can discuss the issue more quickly than waiting to arrange a meeting.
    • I set some ground rules and act as a role model in conflict resolution.
    • I treat all my co-workers with respect and fairness. I listen to my colleagues' views, including if they are different from mine; when my view differs from my colleagues, I say so, and explain why.
    • When I do or say something wrong, I apologize, and I encourage my team to do the same.
    • I participate in open and constructive dialogue.
    • I make a point to model the ground rules I set, to reinforce them and to send the message that I walk the walk.
    • I track productivity, and I pay attention to small details because I understand that workplace conflicts cause stress, disruption, damage relationships, and affect employee morale and customer service.
    • I pay attention to who remains quiet in meetings the entire time, and I notice if someone who used to come to the office often suddenly avoids the office and works from home all the time, because by paying attention to my team interactions, I am able to prevent conflicts before they arise or to address them as soon as they arise, avoiding escalations.
  5. Encourage team-building activities and build rapport
    • I hold regular non-work-related chats with my hybrid team because I understand that social interaction between colleagues, especially in a non-work-related context, significantly improves employees' well-being, engagement, and sense of belonging.
    • I host a Friday ‘weekend plans' Zoom call to talk about my team members' plans for the weekend. If possible, I make it more inviting by sending each of my team members a voucher to order their lunch at their desk so that people can share a virtual lunch together and talk about their hobbies, families, or interests outside of work.
    • I host annual trips to exciting locations to foster very strong relationships in my team that would not otherwise be possible.
    • During that annual team retreat, I schedule some team bonding activities and some free time for people to plan their own schedules as well.
    • I incorporate cultural awareness in my team-building plan to increase the level of cultural awareness and to help my international team come together as ‘one team'.
    • I celebrate traditional holidays, national days, and food from the countries where some of my team members are from.
    • I ask each team member to share a presentation on the norms, cultural standards, and habits of the country they are from, and how they differ from the country your company is headquartered to bring an element of cultural awareness into my team-building activities.

This checklist should serve as a practical guide for what to do to build, nurture, and retain a team in a hybrid work environment. Feel free to revisit that checklist as often as you wish to, and to score yourself for each item. You might notice that over time, your scores improve in some areas, which is a sign that you are becoming better at building inclusion in your hybrid team. Feel free to share that checklist with your colleagues, peers, and the rest of your organization. The more your colleagues will embrace that checklist, the more successful your team will become.

Endnotes

  1. 1.  https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/12/02/hybrid-work-video-calls/
  2. 2.  https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/16/business/return-to-office-hybrid-work.html
  3. 3.  https://hbr.org/sponsored/2021/07/addressing-the-biggest-challenges-of-hosting-hybrid-events
  4. 4.  https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2021/01/04/four-reasons-your-company-should-pivot-to-hybrid-events/?sh=7a1b88b944ce
  5. 5.  https://www.ceo-review.com/over-50-of-remote-workers-are-worried-about-workplace-exclusion/
  6. 6.  https://smallbiztrends.com/2019/04/remote-working-statistics.html
  7. 7.  https://www.beroeinc.com/whitepaper/rise-of-hybrid-meetings-and-events/
  8. 8.  https://www.ringcentral.com/us/en/blog/work-from-home-cancelled-lessons/
  9. 9.  https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/feb/25/yahoo-chief-bans-working-home
  10. 10https://www.peoplemanagement.co.uk/news/articles/two-thirds-of-employees-feel-less-connected-working-from-home#gref
  11. 11https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrobinson/2021/11/01/new-research-shows-remote-and-hybrid-workers-suffering-physical-and-mental-health-dilemmas/?sh=6d6d2ec55aa9
  12. 12https://www.cio.com/article/303928/keep-remote-and-hybrid-workers-engaged-with-access-to-knowledge-and-community.html
  13. 13https://workingcapitalreview.com/2020/05/are-remote-employees-less-engaged/#:~:text=According%20to%20a%20poll%20of,anyone%20on%20their%20work%20team.
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