Index
Abt, L. E., 259n
abuse, sexual
defensive responses to, 124-125
action. See also practice
knowledge vs., 19
public
affect
dissociation and, 126
agency, personal, 158. See also will
interpersonal field and, 153-156
analysts. See also countertransference
classical
on unformulated experience, 53
curiosity of
and patient's feeling of safety, 172-174
experience of
clinical illustration of, 187-190, 199-201
influence on patient, 204
analytic field. See analytic relationship; interpersonal field
analytic relationship, 31-32, 39, 206 -208. See also enactments; interpersonal field; psychoanalytic treatment
blank-screen metaphor
cocreation in, 82
and creation of genuine conversation, 216-219
curiosity facilitated by, 175
egalitarian
co-existing with asymmetry of, 206-208
constructivism and, 82
fusion of horizons in, 224—226
gender dynamics in, 80
breaking of the grip of, 193-197
multiple truths and realities in, 182-183
personal responsibility and, 154
power vs. curiosity in, 80
unconscious influence in treatment, 110-111
unformulated experience and multiplicity and, 147-151
analytic situation. See analytic relationship
Andresen, J., 259n
Apel, K.-O., 163
Archard, D„ 117
Argyris, C., 54
Arieti, S., 74
art, 257n
as defined by linguistic process, 13, 18
associations and constructions, 53-55
Atlas, J., 145
Atwood, G. E., 206
autocentricity, secondary (Schachtel), 58-59
autonomy. See agency, personal
avowal
disavowal and spelling-out, 123-126
awareness. See also interpretation; understanding
nondefensive motivations for lack of, 145
Barratt, B. B., 257n
Barthes, 257n
Bartlett, F. C., 62, 135-137, 139, 144, 242, 260n
Bateson, G., 7
Benjamin, J., 10
Bernstein, R.J., xii, 257n, 264n
Best, S., 257n
Bibring, E., 172
Blake, W., 67
blank-screen metaphor
naive patient fallacy, 205
social paradigm of psychoanalysis, 204
Boring, E. G., 44
Bowie, M., 9
Brandchaft, B., 206
Brecht, 253
Bromberg, P., 87, 212, 219, 264n
Bruner, J., 78-79, 134, 135, 144, 259n, 262n, 265n
Burnshaw, S., 259n
Butler, J., 10
Carroll, L., 66
analyst's unformulated experience, 187-190
autocentric countertransference, 197-198
breaking the grip of the analytic field, 197-201
conventionalism supporting narrative rigidity, 141-144
enactments, 110
sequence of analyst's experience, 200-201
of unbidden perceptions, 243 x-248
Chodorow, N., 10
clarification, progressive, 42-44
classical psychoanalysis
and unformulated experience, 53
cocreation in analytic relationship, 82
cognition. See also understanding
as amalgam of thought and affect, 39-40
Freud's theory of, 44-46, 53, 258n
reiflcation of, 40
separation of thought from affect, 39-41
tacit knowing, 16
Coleridge, S. T., 67
commitment
conflict, 259n
consciousness, 85-87. See also awareness
reflective
structured by language, 89
construction
surprise produced by, 78
constructivism. See also interpretation; psychoanalytic treatment, unconscious influence in
dialectic of inner and outer in, 5
dialectic of past and present in, 6
and egalitarian vs. authoritarian analytic interaction, 82
history and, 258n
conventionalism
supports narrative rigidity, 141—144
correspondence theorists, 166-167
countertransference, 174. See also analysts; analytic relationship, influence on analyst; interpersonal field; transference countertransference
and allocentric mode of experience, 195-196
clinical illustration of, 197-198
and autocentric mode of experience, 195-196
complementary vs. concordant, 152-153
in relation to Gadamer's prejudice, 209
as unformulated experience, 187
countertransference involvement, 221-222
creative disorder, 69, 76-79, 93, 259n
creative language, 92-94, 98, 99
creative speech
vs. empirical speech in Merleau-Ponty, 90-91
formulation of experience as, 90-94
creativity, 66-75. See also art; imagination
cocreation in analytic relationship, 82
and unbidden perception in, 65-75
Culler, J., 7
curiosity
of analyst
and patient's feeling of safety, 172-174
analytic relationship facilitates, 175
compassionate
as means of disembeddmg analyst's experience, 174
courage and
and morality in psychoanalysis, 160
and effective surprise, 79
and power, in analytic relationship, 80
relation to familiarity, 61-63
relation to uncertainty, 61-63
and seeing what is questionable, 249-252
Cushman, P., 5, 28, 227, 261n, 263n
Damasio, A. R., 39
defense. See also dissociation
as interpersonal process, 179
nondefensive motivations for lack of awareness, 145
as prevention of interpretation, 87
defensively motivated unformulated experience, 52
and dissociation, xii, 120, 127-128
vs. exclusion from awareness, 87
and not-spelling-out, 87, 123-126, 154
and prevention of the interpretation of experience, 87
deGroot, A. D., 47
Deutsch, H., 152
Dinnerstein, D., 10
disavowal
disembedding of experience
allows for new experience, 174
dissociation, 93, 159. See also self-deception
as active process, 87, 120-123
affect and, 126
as avoidance of interpretation of experience, xii, 87, 97
as avoidance vs. inability, 87
as constriction of experience, 97-98
as decision not to interpret experience, 30-31
defensively motivated unformulated experience and, xii, 120, 127-128
episodes of, 114
implied by concepts of unformulated experience and interpersonal field, 158
interpersonal field and, 101-102
interpretation and, 7, 30-31, 87, 97, 115
links hermeneutics and unformulated experience, xii
normative or expectable, 87
self-deception and, 158
and self-states, 159
selective inattention and, 102
transference-countertransference and, 114-115
unformulated experience and, xii, 120
selective inattention and, 132
unbidden perceptions in, 67-68
Duncan, I., 74
Dworkin, R., 236
Eccles, J. C., 44
effective experience. See experience, formulation of
effective surprise
formulation of experience as, 78-79
Eiseley, L., 140
embeddedness
and multiplicity (the multiple self), 156-159
empathy
hermeneutics and, 212
enactments, 110. See also analytic relationship; interpersonal field
acceptance of inevitable, 174, 248 x-249
clinical illustration of, 110
endoception (Arieti), 74
engagement of experience. See experience, formulation of
epistemology. See postmodernism
Erikson, E. H., 147
Escher, M. C., 133
experience. See also affect; given and made; interpretation, of experience; unformulated experience
formulation of. See also true stories
allocentric attitude in, 195-196
of analyst's experience of patient, 186-191
as breaking the grip of the field, 193-197
as courting surprise, 249- 250
as spelling-out, 85-87, 120- 126, 158
as interpretive and perspectivist, 23-24
as linguistic, 7
memory of, 54
microgenesis of, 43
nonverbal
as shaped by language, 17
relation between symbols needed for understanding, 7
unconscious, xi
unconventional
experience, engagement of. See also reflection
Fingarette's account of, 120-123
familiar chaos, 51-52, 69, 76, 87, 179
as defensive unformulated experience, 52, 87
familiarity
Farber, L., 70
Fast, I., 10
feelings of tendency (William James), 16, 88, 127-128, 179
Feffer, M., 168
Feiner, A. H., 216
felt meanings (Eugene Gendlin), 16, 49
feminist theory
in psychoanalysis, 10
Feyerabend, D. V., 257n
field. See analytic relationship; interpersonal field
Fingarette, H., 39, 54, 86-87, 116, 156, 158, 259n
on engagement of experience, 120-123
spelling-out and self-deception, 120-126
Fiscalini, J., 264n
formulation
as attribution of meaning, 47- 49
of experience. See under experience
Foucault, M., 8, 9, 11, 28, 80, 139, 260n
Fourcher, L. A., 5, 18, 19, 21, 164
Fowles. J., 236
free association, 78
free will. See agency, personal
Freud, S., 35, 53-54, 57, 59, 61, 69, 78, 85, 91, 116-119, 157, 159, 165, 166, 172, 203, 213, 225, 237, 258n
theory of cognition, 44-46, 53, 258n
Friedman, L., 180
in analytic relationship, 224- 226
Gadamer, H.-G., xi-xiii, 10, 11, 15, 27, 28, 158, 208-209, 211-212, 214-230, 232- 233, 235, 243, 263n, 264n
Habermas contrasted with, 225 x-228
perspectivism of
and psychoanalytic interpretation, 181-184
Garfield, P., 259n
gender dynamics
in analytic interaction, 80
power and, 80
gender theory
in psychoanalysis, 10
Gergen, K. J., 261n
Giddens, A., 231
Gill, M. M., xii, 53, 134, 243
Gitelson, M., 263n
given and made, the, 3-4, 6, 28-30, 235
Green, M. R., 186, 193, 219, 236
Greenberg, J., 20, 164, 203-204, 260n, 261n
Greenson, R., 262n
Grey, A., 264n
clinical illustration of, 197- 201
sequence of stages in, 199
Guntrip, H., 263n
Habermas, J., 5, 10, 163, 213, 225, 264n
Gadamer contrasted with, 225 -228
Hadamard, J., 259n
Hampl, P., 66, 237, 250, 259n, 265n
Harre, R., 261n
Harris, A., 87
Hawkes, T., 18
Hegel, G., 63
Heidegger, M., xi, 8, 11, 27, 74, 158, 194, 240, 253, 263n
Herman, J., 125
hermeneutic circle, 213-214, 217
hermeneuticists, 225-228. See also Apel; Gadamer; Habermas; Ricoeur; Schleiermacher
hermeneutics, 23-24, 209-210. See also interpretation; language; psychoanalytic treatment, unconscious influence in
dissociation and unformulated experience and, xii
the double hermeneutic, 230- 231
empathy and, 212
Gadamer vs. Habermas on, 225-227
and inevitability of embeddedness, 248-249
interpretation and, 45
and manifest and latent content, 212
and the question of method, 216
and technique, 216-217, 232- 233
and tradition or prejudice, 214 -216
in the analytic relationship, 218-219
the triple hermeneutic, 232
unformulated experience and, xiii
Hilprecht, 67
Hirshberg, L. M., 135
Hoffman, I. Z., 5, 80, 95, 169, 180, 183, 191, 203-204, 217, 222, 243, 260n, 263n
Howard, R. J., 257n
Hunt, W., 252
Husserl, E., 253
complementary vs. concordant, 152-153
imagination. See also creative language; creative speech; creativity; experience, formulation of
consensual validation and, 100 x-101
creative use of language and, 100 x-101
and creativity, 66
individuality
illusion of personal, Sullivan and, 147-151
insight. See interpretation; understanding
intellectualization. See thought, separation from affect
interactions structured by power, 9-10
interpersonal field. See also analytic relationship; self-states
and dissociation, 157
dissociation and multiplicity implied by, 158
and imagining others' states of mind, 153
and perception and selection of current self-state, 151- 154
personal responsibility and, 154
and Racker's theory of transference-countertransference, 152
and unconscious interpersonal invitations and responses to them, 151-153
unformulated experience and multiplicity and, 147-151
interpersonal influence
in psychoanalytic treatment, 185 x-186
interpersonal psychoanalysis, 180, 261. See also psychoanalytic treatment; Sullivan
interpretation (s). See also under transference; understanding
accuracy vs. goodness of, 165
analyst-patient disagreement over, 169
stalemates over, 169
dissociation as avoidance of, xii
unformulated experience and, 179-180
Gadamer's perspectivism and, 181—184
in hermeneutic vs. Freudian theory, 45
interventions leading up to, 172
lens, 164
objectivity vs. subjectivity of, 168 -170
organizing function of, 171
from patient's perspective, 168 x-170
prevention of
as basic process of defense, 87
and refusal to interpret, xii-xiii
resistance interpretations as, 170
that speak to patient, 172
therapeutic collaboration in patient's judgment of analyst's, 175-178
Irigaray, L., 10
isolation of affect. See thought, separation from affect
Issacharoff, A., 252
Jacob, F., 4
Jacobs, T., 219
Jacobson, E., 203
Jacobson, L., 20
James, W., 16, 39, 41, 72-74, 88, 91
Janet, P., 125
Jung, C. G., 213
Kellner, D., 257n
Kermode, F., 6
Khan, M., 233
Kitzinger, C., 261n
knowledge
vs. action, 19
Kriegman, D., 147
Kris, E., 259n
Kristeva, J., 10
Kvale, S., 261n
Laforgue, 253
Lamartine, 72
Langer, S. K., 186
language
in the broad sense: as semiotics, 12-15
creative, 92-94, 98, 99. See also creative speech
in Fingarette's account, 126-128
in the narrow sense: as verbal language, 15-20
parole, 17
rapprochement of semiotics and verbal language, 23-24
shapes nonverbal experience, 17
understanding limited by, xi
lens interpretations, 164
Levenson, E., xii, 5, 17, 86, 102, 180, 183, 187, 192, 196, 219, 227, 233, 236, 240- 241, 243, 260n, 261n
Levi-Strauss, 257n
Lewicki, P., 47
Lewy, E., 53
Lionells, M., 261n
Lipp, H., 264n
literature. See also creative language; creativity; stories, true unbidden perceptions in, 66-67
Loos, T., 259n
MacKenzie, N., 67
made and given, the. See given and made
Mahler, M., 203
Maritain, J., 39
Marquez, G. G., 66
McCleary, R. C., 99
meanings
unconscious creation of, 65-68
memory
of experience, 54
Merleau-Ponty, M., xiii, 20, 25, 41, 90, 93, 98-99, 159, 175
Messer, S. B., 264n
microgenesis of experience, 43
misunderstanding, 76
Mitchell, J., 10
Mitchell, S. A., 5, 20, 87, 147, 164, 172, 203-204, 260n
morality in psychoanalysis, 141, 261n
curiosity and courage in, 160
responsibility vs. culpability for experience, 118-119
Moses, I., 180
motivations beyond anxiety, 151—153
Mozart, W., 259n
Muchnic, H., 259n
multiplicity (the multiple self), 147 -151
implied by concepts of unformulated experience and interpersonal field, 158
and Sullivan and the illusion of personal individuality, 147-151
mutuality in analytic relationship. See analytic relationship
conventionalism supports, 141—144
dissociation and, xiii, 129-134
narratives. See also creativity; meaning, unconscious creation of; true stories
stereotyped of self, 134
neutrality, 262n
Newbold, W. R., 67
nonverbal content in the verbal, 15-20
nonverbal experience
as shaped by language, 17
novelty
experienced danger of, 55-56, 60
Oates, J. C., 66
Orange, D. M., 263n
Orpingalik, 72
Paivio, A., 166
parallel process in supervision, 264n
parataxic mode of experience, 56-57, 62, 69, 75
parole, 17
personal agency. See agency, personal
perspectivism, of Gadamer
and psychoanalytic interpretation, 181-184
Phillips,J., 257n
Piaget, J., 259n
Plato, 39
poetry
unbidden perceptions in, 66-67
Poincare, H., 259n
Polkinghorne, D. E., 144, 258n
postmodernism, 7-9, 23-24, 168
and clinical psychoanalysis, 11-12
poststructurahsm and hermeneutics, 9-11. See also hermeneutics
power
and coconstruction, 82
and curiosity in analytic interaction, 80
interactions structured by, 9-10
as productive force, 137
practice
knowledge vs. action, 19
pragmatics
prereflective meaning
self-reflection as verbal articulation of, 24—27
unformulated experience and, 26
Price, M., 80
progressive clarification, 42-44
prototaxic mode of experience, 56
psychoanalytic treatment. See also analysts; analytic relationship; case material; enactments; interpersonal field; interpretation; technique
blank-screen metaphor
disagreement over interpretations, 169
enactments, 110
gender dynamics and power in, 80
as hermeneutical/constructivist, 26-27
interpersonal, 180
interpersonal aspects of, 110-111, 180-181. See also analytic relationship; Sullivan
interpersonal influence in, 185-186
making expectations visible in
clinical illustration of, 243-248
open questions in, 220
power vs. curiosity in, 80
promotes new curiosity and freedom of thought, 180
stalemates
due to analyst-patient disagreement over interpretations, 169
unbidden perceptions in, 69, 174, 236-241
unconscious influence in, 33-36
questions, open, 220
Racker, H., xii, 152, 172, 183, 192, 207, 219, 260n, 263n
Raft, D., 259n
Raine, K., 67
Rapaport, D., 53
reflection
creates verbal representation, 20
engagement of experience, 6-7, 24-25
and the interpersonal field, 30-32
requires language, 20
relational psychoanalysis, 180. See also psychoanalytic treatment, interpersonal aspects of; Sullivan
Renik, O., 260n
repressed memories. See dissociated material
repression. See also dissociation; self-deception
defensively motivated unformulated experience and, 56-58, 69, 87
nondefensive motivations for lack of awareness, 145
unformulated experience 56-58, 69, 87
as expression of need, 262n
and "fit" and recognition, 170—172
interpretation of
as shovel interpretation, 170
nondefensive motivations for, 145
redefinitions of, 262n
subjective account of, 165
responsibility
vs. culpability for experience, 118— 119
personal
and interpersonal field, 154
Ricoeur, P., 5, 163, 225, 264n
Rilke, R. M., 74, 253, 254, 259n
Rosner, S., 259n
Rothenberg, A., 259n
Ruskin, 253
Russell, B., 186
safety, feeling of
protected by analyst's curiosity, 172-174
and therapeutic collaboration, 175-178
Sampson, E. E., 261n
Sapir, 257n
Sarbin, T. R., 144
Sartre, J-P., 20, 91, 116, 119, 158-160, 198
Sarup, M., 257n
Sass, L. A., 11, 54, 225, 257n, 262n-264n
Schachtel, E., 58, 78, 140, 194, 198, 239-242, 253, 260n
Schafer, R., xii, 5, 42, 53, 60, 119, 164
and interpersonal field, 228
Schama, S., 13
Schimek, J. G., 44
Schon, D. A., 54
Searles, H., 219
secondary autocentricity (Schachtel), 58-59
selective attention
and dissociation in the weak sense, 132
selective inattention, 59, 69, 150-151
and dissociation in the strong sense, 102
dissociation and, 158
Fingarette's spelling-out and, 120-126
Sartre vs. Freud on, 117
unformulated experience 119-126
self-reflection
as central in psychoanalysis, 24-25
as verbal articulation of prereflective meaning, 24-27
self-states
and continuity of self, 157-158
and dissociation, 159
and imagining others' states mind, 153
and perception of current interpersonal field, 151-154
private, unitary, interior, Western conception of self, 156-157
and Racker's theory of transference-countertransference, 152
and spelling-out, 158
and unconscious interpersonal invitations and responses to them, 151-153
self system, 55-56, 63, 147-148
semiotics, 19. See also language
sexual abuse
defensive responses to, 124-125
disavowal and spelling-out 124-125
Shattuck, R., 16, 253-254, 259n
Sherman, 13
Shklovsky, 253
shovel interpretations. See interpretations, shovel
Sibley, B., 66
Simons, M., 66
Slavin, M., 147
speech, creative
spelling-out. See also experience, formulation of
and conflict, 259n
formulation of experience as, 85-87, 120-126, 158
and self-states, 158
Spence, D. P., xii, 5, 53, 54, 165, 262n, 265n
stalemates
analyst-patient disagreement over interpretations and, 169
Steel, R. S., 257n
Stein, G., 72
Sterba, R., 262n
Stern, D. B., 5, 111, 180, 212, 233, 262n
Stevenson, R. L., 67
Stolorow, R. D., 206
Strachey, J., 262n
structuralism, 257n
suggestion. See psychoanalytic treatment, unconscious influence in
Sullivan, H. S., xii, 38, 62, 63, 69, 75-76, 86, 100-102, 121, 124, 133, 147-148, 191,203,224, 250, 260n, 261n, 265n
on consensual validation, 100-101
and illusion of personal individuality, 147-151
and unformulated experience, 55-61
supervision
parallel process in, 264n
surprise
courting
formulation of experience as, 249-250
and unbidden perception in, 65-75
effective
produced by construction, 78-79
formulation of experience, 249-252
symbols
relation between
needed for understanding experience, 6-7
syntaxic mode of experience, 57
consensual validation and, 100
vs. creative speech, 100
tacit knowledge, 16
Tauber, E. S., 186, 193, 219, 236
Taylor, C., 230-231, 257n, 264n
technique. See also free association; interpretation; psychoanalytic treatment
acceptance of inevitable enactments, 174
blank-screen metaphor criticism of, 203-205
free association, 78
hermeneutics and, 216-217, 232-233
neutrality, 262n
preinterpretive interventions, 172
tendency, feelings of (WilliamJames), 16, 88, 127-128, 179
therapeutic collaboration
and "fit" of interpretations, 175—177, 179-180
thought. See also cognition; understanding
tacit knowing, 16
tradition, as prejudice, 211-212
transference, interpretation of
establishes feeling of safety, 174
as reassuring, 174
transference-countertransference. See also analytic relationship; identification; interpersonal field
treatment. See psychoanalytic treatment
trust, 173
unbidden perceptions, 71, 91, 236, 255
clinical illustration of, 243-248
as result of contrast between experience and expectation, 241-243
in treatment, 69, 174, 236-241
value of, and multiple traditions in, 28
unconscious, absolute, 163
interpretation of, 164
unconscious meaning
structure in, 47
unconventional experience
understanding. See also cognition; interpretation
as change in interpersonal field, 222-225
limited by language, xi
and misunderstanding, 76
progressive clarification, 42-44
requires interpersonal integration, 223-224
tacit knowing, 16
unformulated experience, 36-39, 48. See also creative disorder; defensively motivated unformulated experience; familiar chaos
of analyst
clinical illustration of, 187-190
classical analysts and, 53
countertransference as, 187
dissociation and, xii
and "fit" of analyst's interpretations, 179-180
hermeneutics and, xii
interpersonal field and, 147-151
as prereflective meaning, 26
and the problem of self-deception, 119-120
as unconscious experience, xi
Valéry, P., 39, 51, 70-72, 74, 76, 140
Warnke, G., 163, 183, 217, 231, 264n.
Wedgwood, C. V., 144
Weinsheimer, J. C., 264w
Werner, H., 43
Whitehead, A. N., 74
will, 70. See also agency, personal
Winnicott, D. W., xii, 20, 261n, 263n
Wittgenstein, L., 231
Woods, 259n
Woolfolk, R. L., 54, 262n, 264n
writers
unbidden perceptions in, 70-75
Zetzel, E., 262n