Index

A

  • Account analysis (bank invoice)
    • specific services
  • Accounts payable management. See also Procurement (purchasing) cards
    • active and passive
    • elements of
    • float opportunities
    • metrics of
    • organizing for
    • outsourcing. See also Comprehensive payables; Freight and logistics services
    • policies
    • processing expenses of
    • procurement (purchasing cards. See Procurement (purchasing) cards
    • ratios
    • using internal processes
  • Account reconciliation (of disbursements)
    • cost
    • full and partial reconciliation
  • Accounts receivables management
    • aging of receivables. See Aging schedule
    • float opportunities
    • policies for
    • preferential or punitive treatment of customers
    • ratios of
      • interpretation of
  • Accrual accounting. See also Cash accounting
  • Accrued expenses
  • ACH (automated clearinghouse). See Electronic payments
  • Aging schedule, 75n1 (in Exhibit 5.3)
    • construction of
    • interpretation of
  • Asset-based financing
    • concept
    • cost
    • factoring of receivables
      • organizations offering
    • inventory financing
      • industries using
      • issues in using
      • organizations offering
  • Availability (in check clearing)

B

  • Balance sheet issues
    • accounts on
    • assets and liabilities
      • assumed life
    • fiscal year
    • net worth
    • notes to
    • valuations
  • Bank credit. See also Lines of credit; Asset-based financing
  • Bank relationship management
    • control of records
    • elements
    • finance as the “gatekeeper”
    • monitoring compliance
    • multiple bank accounts
    • relationship reviews
      • review cycle
    • selection of banks
  • Bank technology. See Information technology
  • Banker's acceptance (investment product)
  • Banking. See also Account analysis
    • principal relationship
      • funds mobilization
      • selection of
    • credit facilities, provisions of
    • definition and use in text
    • information systems. See information technology
    • interstate banking prohibitions
    • legislation and regulation. See also Federal Reserve Board regulations; Legislation significant to working capital
      • Basel 2 accords
      • Glass-Steagall Act of 1933
      • Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
      • McFadden Act of 1927
    • limitations on the business activities of banks
    • rationalization of structure
    • selection of
    • separation of investment and commercial banking
    • services, banking
      • finance as corporate gatekeeper
      • frauds that occur. See Fraud
  • Benchmark interest rates
    • Federal funds (Fed funds)
    • LIBOR
  • Benchmarking (best practices)
    • advisory firms
    • concerns in the use of
    • methodology
  • Best Buy
    • category killer
  • Beta (β)
  • Bill of lading

C

  • Capital asset pricing model (CAPM)
  • Cases
    • By name
      • Dinner Bell Hotel
      • Koala Fun
      • Miller Building Supplies
      • Office Smart
      • Quacker Cracker
      • Widget Manufacturing (with solution)
      • Young Brands
    • by topic
      • cash budgeting
      • comprehensive financial issues
      • determining optimal capital structure
      • family business financial issues
      • financial planning
      • financing a small business
      • transitioning to a new bank
    • concept of
    • defining case problem
    • introduction to
  • Cash. See also Working capital
    • definition
    • failures in managing, examples of
    • forms of cash
  • Cash accounting. See also Accrual accounting
  • Cash budgeting
  • Cash concentration. See Banking
  • Cash conversion cycle. See also Dell Computer
  • Cash discounts. See Terms of sale
  • Cash management, examples of reactive
  • Cash mobilization
    • company initiated
    • deposit reporting services
    • standing instructions
  • Category killer. See Best Buy
  • Change, overcoming resistance
  • Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act of 2004 (Check 21)
  • Checking accounts (depository)
    • control of access
    • excessive accounts
    • multipurpose accounts
    • template of costs (compared to comprehensive payables)
  • Collection of receipts. See Lockboxing
  • Commercial paper
  • Comprehensive payables. See also Accounts payable management; Checking accounts (regular)
    • benefits and costs
    • data transmitted to bank
    • disbursements, check
      • USPS postage discount
    • electronic disbursements
  • Concentration banking. See Banking
  • Controlled disbursement. See also Account reconciliation
    • cash letter
    • cost
    • float opportunities
    • fraud prevention
    • funding options
    • positive (match) pay
    • procedures
  • Corporate responsibility. See International working capital
  • Cost of capital
    • calculation of
  • Country risk analysis (CRA)
    • recent experiences
    • types of risk
  • Credit crisis (beginning 2008)
    • response of business during
  • Credit facility
    • basic provisions
    • information required for
    • representations and warranties
    • terms
  • Credit reporting
    • cost
    • fixing a credit score
    • general procedure used
    • illustrative report
    • pricing
    • providers of service

D

  • Debt collection services
    • firms offering
  • Dell Computer
    • cash conversion cycle
  • Depository (bank) accounts (DDAs)
    • control of access to
    • excessive number of accounts
    • multipurpose accounts
  • Deregulation. See Financial deregulation
  • Direct deposit (of payroll)
    • cost
    • fraud prevention
    • promotion of
  • Disbursement payments. See Controlled disbursement

E

  • Earnings credit rate (ECR). See also Account analysis (bank invoice)
  • Economic order quantity (EOQ). See Supply chain management
  • Efficiency and working capital
    • focus on cash in managing working capital
    • other opportunities (than cash)
    • need for aggressive management
    • supplemental ratios for
    • teamwork required in managing
  • Electronic payments
    • ACHs (automatic clearinghouse transactions)
      • advantages and disadvantages
      • cost
    • Fedwires (Federal Reserve wire transfers)
      • advantages and disadvantages
      • cost
    • terminal-based electronic payments
  • Enterprise resource planning (ERP). See Information technology
  • Enterprise risk management (ERM). See also Risk
    • concept
    • prioritizing
  • process
    • Value-at-Risk (VaR)

F

  • FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board)
  • Factoring. See Asset-based financing
  • FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
  • Federal Reserve Board regulations
    • Regulation Q
    • Regulation Y
  • Fed wire transfer. See Electronic payments
  • Finance. See Banking; Working capital
  • Financial deregulation
  • Float. See also Accounts payable management; Accounts receivable management; Lockboxing
      • base case
      • improvements
  • Forecasting, short-term
    • distribution method
  • Foreign exchange (FX)
    • cross-border clearing and settlement
    • documentation flow
    • electronic payments, progress toward
    • Single Euro Payments Area
  • factors influencing rates
    • summary of economic factors
  • transaction mechanisms
    • continuous link settlement
    • forward rates
    • futures (commodities) contracts
    • multicurrency accounts
    • recent rates
    • spot rates
  • structures to manage
    • reinvoicing centers
    • status of European centers
    • tax advantaged centers
  • Fraud
  • Freight and logistics services
    • transaction flow
  • Funds mobilization. See Banking

G

  • GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)
  • Global capitalism, advantages
    • financial risk
  • Glossary of terms

H

  • Harmonization, tax
  • Hedge (hedging)

I

  • Information technology
    • application service providers (ASPs)
    • bank systems
      • advanced service modules
      • standard service modules
      • original development of
      • payment modules
    • cost of
    • Internet technology
      • benefits
      • disadvantages
      • features
      • support for organizational decision making
    • enterprise resource planning (ERP)
      • advantages
      • disadvantages
      • functionality
      • purpose
    • internal support required for success of
    • principles in selecting
    • responsibilities in bank activity decisions
    • selection of systems
      • bank vs. ERP
      • conduct vendor search (phase 2)
      • determine requirements (phase 1)
      • lack of rigorous evaluation
      • past successes/failures
      • principles in selecting
      • provide justification (phase 3)
    • vendor alternatives
  • International working capital. See also Country risk assessment; Foreign exchange; Letters of credit
    • corporate governance
    • cultural and corporate practices
      • banking
      • communications
      • culture
      • legal and tax
      • time zones and language
    • elements
    • pooling and netting
    • recent opportunities
  • risk. See Global financial risk
  • structures to manage
      • reinvoicing centers
      • tax-advantaged
    • significance of
    • transparency and ethical behavior
      • Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, relationship to
  • Inventory management
    • cycle of
      • problems
    • decentralized
    • investigating history of
    • metrics of inventory cycle
    • organizing for
    • policies
    • ratios
  • Invoice generation
    • design issues
    • invoices vs. statements
    • timing
      • causes of mistakes

J

  • Joint ventures
  • Just-in-time (JIT). See also Supply chain management
    • problems using

L

  • Legislation significant to working capital
  • Letters of credit
    • concept of
    • cost
    • documentation
  • Lien
  • Line of credit
    • collateral
    • committed and uncommitted
    • credit rating agencies
    • fees
    • illustrative loan agreement
    • loan covenants
    • material adverse change (in Exhibit 5.3)
    • preparing for lender meeting
    • pricing
    • profit to banks on
    • purpose
  • Liquidity and working capital
    • adequate amount for business needs
    • comprises more than cash
    • measuring and managing
    • ratios of
      • supplemental (total receipts-to-cash flow)
      • traditional (current and quick ratios)
  • Loan covenants. See Lines of credit
  • Loan, term
  • Lockboxing. See also Checking accounts (regular), problems in using
    • availability
    • calculation of float and processing costs
      • base case
      • improvements to base case
    • check clearing in depository system
    • cost
    • delays eliminated by using
    • float opportunities
    • fraud prevention, assists in
    • holdover of mail
    • imaging
    • procedures
    • retail lockbox
      • magnetic character ink recognition (MICR)
    • wholesale lockbox

M

  • Material adverse change. See Line of credit
  • McFadden Act of 1927
  • Metrics, working capital. See also Ratio analysis
    • cash conversion cycle
    • problems in the use of
      • aggregated data
      • fiscal year
      • off–balance sheet obligations
      • window dressing
  • Money market mutual funds (MMFs)
  • Municipal securities

N

  • NAICS
  • Noncredit banking services

P

  • Payables. See Accounts payable management
  • Payment stream matrix
  • Payroll. See also Direct deposit (of payroll)
    • firms offering services
  • paycards
  • Phoenix-Hecht Blue Book of Pricing
  • Prepaid expenses
  • Processing expenses (and float)
  • Procurement (purchasing) cards
    • benefits of
  • PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board)
  • Purchasing. See also Economic order quantity; Just-in-time; Supply chain management
    • cost of purchase orders
    • purchase order and receiving report
    • purchasing cycle problems
      • commodities futures
      • investigating potential problems
      • local buying
      • matching purchasing documents to invoices
      • vendor prices

R

  • RMA Annual Statement Studies
  • Ratio analysis. See also Metrics
    • activity utilization ratios
      • average collection period
      • inventory turnover
      • receivables turnover
    • alternative ratios
    • construction of
    • leverage ratios
      • financial leverage
      • times interest earned
    • liquidity ratios
      • current ratio
      • quick ratio
    • profitability ratios
      • profits to sales
      • return on assets
      • return on equity
    • sources of published ratios
    • statistics of
    • use of ratios. See also Metrics, working capital
      • Best Buy example
      • cross-sectional analysis
      • longitudinal analysis
  • Repurchase agreement (repo)
  • Request-for-proposal (RFP)
    • contract review
      • service level agreements
    • developing a listing of potential bidders
    • evaluation of
      • scoring of proposals
    • illustrative questions
    • issues covered in RFPs
    • pricing
      • and quality issues
      • unbundling
    • request-for-information (RFI)
    • templates, source of RFP
  • Riegle-Neal Act of 1994
  • Risk and working capital. See also Enterprise risk management (ERM)
    • measurement of
    • traditional management of
    • types
      • credit
      • information reporting
      • liquidity
  • operational

S

  • Sales financing
    • outsourcing
      • potential customer effects of
  • types of
  • Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  • Short-term investments. See also specific entries
    • policies
    • recent investment rates
  • Statement of Cash Flows
  • Supply chain management
    • benefits of
    • economic order quantity (EOQ)
      • calculation of
    • just-in-time (JIT)
    • systems for
      • capabilities (functionalities)
      • vendors offering
  • Sweeps (investment product)
    • costs and returns

T

  • 10-K's (SEC required report)
  • Technology. See Information technology
  • Terms of sale
    • cash discounts
      • calculation of value
      • concerns in offering
      • deciding whether to accept
    • quantity discounts
    • trade discounts
  • Transit routing number (ABA number)
  • Treasury securities (U.S.)
    • U.S. agency securities
  • Troy's Almanac of Business and Industrial Financial Ratios

V

  • Value dating
  • Value Line

W

  • Websites, financial
    • commercial banks
    • finance companies
    • government
    • information providers
    • organizations
    • vendors, other
  • Work-in-process (WIP)
    • WIP cycle management
  • Working capital. See also Efficiency and working capital; Liquidity and working capital
    • actions to improve management of
      • banking
      • general
      • information technology
      • international
      • inventory
      • managing the working capital cycle
      • payables
      • receivables
    • cases on. See Cases
    • change implementation
    • cost as the issue
    • definition of
    • description of accounts
    • developments in management of
      • twentieth- and twenty-first-century business models
      • interconnectivity in the twenty-first century
  • ideas basic to
  • significance of
    • modern view
    • traditional view
  • timeline
  • U.S. legislation affecting
    • financial deregulation
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