“Colorado River Use Statistics,” Grand Canyon River Outfitters Association.

Peter Vaill introduced the term “permanent whitewater,” which was the starting point or inspiration for this work, in Managing as a Performing Art (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989).

Spencer Johnson, Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1998).

Fact Monster, “Titanic Facts,” http://www.factmonster.com/spot/titanic.html.

In Canada and Greenland the term “Eskimo” has fallen out of favor, is considered pejorative, and has been generally replaced by the term “Inuit.” However, while “Inuit” does correctly describe all of the Eskimo peoples in Canada and Greenland, that is not true in Alaska and Siberia. In Alaska the term “Eskimo” is commonly used because it includes both Yupik and Inupiat, while “Inuit” is not accepted as a collective term or even specifically used for Inupiat (which technically is “Inuit”). To date, no universally acceptable replacement term for “Eskimo,” inclusive of all Inuit and Yupik people, has achieved acceptance across the geo-graphical area inhabited by the Inuit and Yupik peoples.

The primary reason “Eskimo” is considered derogatory is the false but widely held belief that it means “eaters of raw meat,” which has an unappealing and deprecating ring to it. There are two somewhat different etymologies in available scientific literature for the term “Eskimo.” The most well known comes from Ives Goddard at the Smithsonian Institution, who says it means “Snowshoe netters.” Quebec linguist Jose Mailhot, who speaks Innu-Montagnais (which Mailhot and Goddard agree is the language from which the word originated), published a definitive study in 1978 stating that it means “people who speak a different language.”

Nevertheless, while the word is not inherently pejorative, owing to folklore and derogatory usage, since the 1970s in Canada and Greenland “Eskimo” has widely been considered offensive. In government usage the term has been replaced overall by “Inuit.” The preferred term in Canada’s Central Arctic is “Inuinnaq,” and in the eastern Canadian Arctic “Inuit.” The language is often called Inuktitut, though other local designations are also used. The Inuit of Greenland refer to themselves as “Greenlanders” or, in their own language, “Kalaallit,” and to their language as “Greenlandic” or “Kalaallisut.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo).

Note that in this book, we use the term “capsizing” as it is typically used in general conversation, to designate a boat overturning. While most people would consider a boat to capsize when it flips over, kayakers typically have a different view. They refer to capsizing only when the paddler actually swims. This subtle but significant distinction is an illustration of the difference in mindset between kayakers and ordinary (some might say “sane”) nonpaddlers. Only swimming is a problem. Flipping the boat is all in a day’s work. For simplicity in this book, we use capsizing to refer to flipping the boat.

Sylvia A. Hewlett and Carolyn B. Luce, “Extreme Jobs: The Dangerous Allure of the 70-Hour Workweek,” Harvard Business Review, December 2006.

“Sleep Debt and Its Ravages,” BusinessWeek, January 26, 2004.

Health-Disease Treatment WordPress blog, “Sleep Deprivation and Traffic Accidents,” November 21, 2007, http://diseasetreatment.wordpress.com.

Martin Moore-Ede, The Twenty-Four-Hour Society (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993), 5-8. (The Cumulative Sleep Graph... pg. 59 of this book).

Technological advances mean that we hold more power literally at our fingertips. Economically, more and more needs doing by fewer and fewer of us. For example, oil refineries and chemical plants continue to decrease the number of human beings they employ even as they increase production. Similar developments occur in other industries such as airlines and trucking. Martin Moore-Ede, The Twenty-Four-Hour Society (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993), 6-7. Even the U.S. military has adopted doctrine to load more discretion and power deeper into the ranks (Warfighting, U.S. Marine Corps, 1989, 1997).

William J. Cromie, “Doctor Fatigue Hurting Patients,” Harvard Gazette, December 10, 2006, http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2006/12.14/99-fatigue.html.

“Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT),” Harvard Men’s Health Watch, February 2006, 7. The protective effect of vacations remained valid after socioeconomic considerations and well-established cardiovascular risk factors were taken into account.

Tom Conger, “Combating Cognitive Overload,” Trend Letter, August 2007, 8-9.

Gerald T. Lombardo and Henry Ehrlich, Sleep to Save Your Life (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 35-49.

“Siestas and Your Health: Can You Nap Your Way To Health?” Harvard Men’s Health Watch, January 2008, 7.

Joe Robinson, Work to Live: The Guide to Getting a Life (New York: Perigee, 2003).

Trend Letter, August 2007, 9; Families and Work Institute http://www.familiesandwork.org; and Expedia Travel Trendwatch, http://www.expediatraveltrendwatch.com.

Trend Letter, August 2007, 7.

William R. Ferris, “Arthur Miller Interview,” Humanities, March-April 2001, http://www.neh.gov/whoweare/miller/interview.html.

Paul Schoemaker and Robert Gunther, “The Wisdom of Deliberate Mistakes,” Harvard Business Review, June 2006.

Edward Hallowell, CrazyBusy: Overstretched, Overbooked, and About to Snap! (New York: Ballantine Books, 2006).

Stephen B. U’ren, Performance Kayaking (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1990), 142.

Martin Seligman, Authentic Happiness (New York: Free Press, 2002), 93-100.

Jerry Hirshberg, The Creative Priority: Driving Innovative Business in the Real World (New York: HarperCollins, 1998).

Daniel Pink, A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future (New York: Berkeley Publishing, 2005), 66.

George Vaillant, Aging Well (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 2002), 310-311.

Betty Friedan, The Fountain of Age (New York: Touchstone, 1994).

Kay Redfield Jamison, Exuberance: The Passion for Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), 4-6.

Robin Gerber, Katherine Graham: the Leadership Journey of an American Icon, New York: Penguin Group, 2005: 207.

Roald Amundsen, My Life As An Explorer (New York: Doubleday, 1927), 236-237.

Kathleen Flinn, The Sharper Your Knife, the Less You Cry: Love, Laughter, and Tears at the World’s Most Famous Cooking School (New York: Viking, 2007); http://www.kathleenflinn.com.

Tom Peters, “The Brand Called You,” Fast Company 10, August 1997, 83; Cliff Hakim, We Are All Self-Employed: The New Social Contract for Working in a Changed World (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1994); Peter Cappelli, The New Deal at Work: Managing the Market-Driven Workplace (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1999); William Bridges, JobShift: How To Prosper in a Workplace Without Jobs (New York: Perseus Books, 1994); William Bridges, Creating You & Co.: Learn to Think Like the CEO of Your Own Career (New York: Perseus Books, 1997).

Manpower, Inc., Web site, “About Manpower: Who We Are,” http://www.us.manpower.com.

Ibid.

Daniel Pink, Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself (New York: Warner Books, 2001), 17.

Frederick P. Brooks Jr., The Mythical Man-Month (Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Longman, 1995) and Robert J. Graham, Project Management as If People Mattered (Bala Cynwyd, PA: Primavera Press, 1989). Study Larry Hirschhorn, Managing in the New Team Environment (Reading PA: Addison Wesley Longman, 1991), paying special attention to Chapter 5, “Taking the Learner Role,” which lays out the challenge, opportunity, and orientation to assist in managing our need for control in the service of learning, especially learning as we go.

CFAR (Center For Applied Research) of Philadelphia and Boston can provide valuable assistance here. www.cfar.com

Wharton has a particularly good negotiations program run by G. Richard Shell and colleagues. Wherever you go, make sure that the course provides multiple and prolonged opportunities to negotiate and to debrief. Negotiation is a skill best learned by doing and doing and doing. Practice or pay. That said, get familiar with G. Richard Shell’s Bargaining for Advantage: Negotiation for Reasonable People (New York: Viking, 1999). As for the related skill of persuasion, look to sources such as Kerry Patterson et.al’s Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002) and their Crucial Confrontations (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005), and G. Richard Shell and Mario Moussa’s The Art of Woo: Using Strategic Persuasion to Sell Your Ideas (New York: Penguin, 2007).

Bruce McEwen, The End of Stress as We Know It (Washington, DC: Dana Press, 2002).

Ibid., 16.

Ibid., 149.

Christopher Wills, Children of Prometheus: The Accelerating Pace of Human Evolution (New York: Perseus Books, 1998).

Older works, such as Morgan W. McCall Jr., Michael M. Lombardo, and Ann M. Morrison, The Lessons of Experience (New York: Lexington Books, 1988), or newer works, such as Marshall Goldsmith, What Got You Here Won’t Get You There (New York: Hyperion, 2007), all stress the ongoing nature of professional development. At one level, this point comes as no surprise. After all, Jung, Erickson, and Levinson among others have long discussed the broader psychological and emotional work that occupies us throughout our lives. We change from the inside out as we age, even as our whitewater world continues to change the skills it demands.

The skills matter, to be sure. Michael M. Lombardo and Robert W. Eichinger’s Eighty-Eight Assignments for Development in Place (Center for Creative Leadership, 1989) remains a most useful outline for delineating work challenges and how to develop skills for handling them. Their more recent compilation of key work competencies, performance dimensions, and key career stallers and stoppers also details approaches to targeted development (For Your Improvement, third edition (Minneapolis: Lominger Limited, 2003)). Clarifying your development needs (often through careful listening) leads to concentrating on timely, beneficial skill improvement.

Mark S. Granovetter demonstrated in 1974 the key role that contacts played in a person getting work and developing a career in Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).

“Playing in the Dirt To Counter Depression,” Medical Research News, April 2, 2007, http://www.news-medical.net/?id=22805.

Outside Online, “Liquid Thunder,” http://outside.away.com/tsangpo/liquid_thunder_4.html.

Ibid

Peter Teeley and Phillip Bashe, Cancer Survival Guide (New York: Broadway Books, 2005).

Hasbro Web site, “Over 110 Years of Fun: The Story of Parker Brothers,” http://www.hasbro.com/default.cfm?page=ci_history_pb.

Pick the book—Resonant Leadership, Emotional Intelligence at Work, What Got You Here Won’t Get You There, The Art of Woo, or Micromessaging—and communication generally and listening specifically figures centrally. Find and read the classic article “Active Listening” by Carl Rogers and Richard Farson. Then practice, practice, practice. You do not have time to learn the river all by yourself. Paradoxically, to travel on your own, prepare regularly with others.

Wikipedia defines life coaching as “a practice of helping clients determine and achieve personal goals. Life coaches use multiple methods to help clients with the process of setting and reaching goals. Coaching is not targeted at psychological illness, and coaches are not therapists or consultants.” Jim Naughton of Psychotherapy Newsletter equates them to “personal trainers” (USA Today, August 4, 2002, http://usatoday.com).

America’s Story from America’s Library Web site, “Lewis and Clark and the Great Falls Portage,” http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/explorers/lewisandclark/portage_3; Lewis & Clark Voyage of Rediscovery Web site, “Falls Left Lewis in Awe,” John Krist, http://www.voyageofrediscovery.com/part7/trail/index.shtml.

University of Nebraska—Lincoln Web site, The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, June 2, 1805, http://libtextcenter.unl.edu/examples/servlet/transform/tamino/Library/lewisandclarkjournals?&_xmlsrc=http://libtextcenter.unl.edu/lewisandclark/files/xml/1805-06-02.xml&_xslsrc=http://libtextcenter.unl.edu/lewisandclark/LCstyles.xsl.

Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson, “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout,” Journal of Occupational Behavior, vol. 2. no. 2, April 1981, 99-113.

Richard E. Boyatzis and Annie McKee, Resonant Leadership: Renewing Yourself and Connecting with Others Through Mindfulness, Hope, and Compassion (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2005), 54-55.

Bruce McEwen, The End of Stress As We Know It (Washington, DC: Dana Press, 2002), 10.

David F. Dinges, Ph.D., Chief of the Division of Sleep and Chronobiology at the University of Pennsylvania, presentation to Wharton AMP, July 2007.

Paul D. Walker, The Cavalry Battle That Saved the Union (Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing, 2002); Thom Hatch, Clashes of Cavalry (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001); Warren C. Robinson, Jeb Stuart and the Confederate Defeat at Gettysburg (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2007); Scott Bowden and Bill Ward, Last Chance for Victory (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2001); and Tom Carhart, Lost Triumph (New York: Penguin Group, 2005).

John Wesley Powell, “Through the Grand,” in Liquid Locomotive, ed. John Long (Helena, MT: Falcon Publishing, 1999).

Robert Kegan and Lisa Laskow Lahey, How We Talk Can Change the Way We Work (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2001); Stephen Young, Micromessaging (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007).

Robert D. Hoff, “Your Undivided Attention Please,” BusinessWeek, January 19, 2004, 15.

Read, for instance, Robert E. Kelley, “In Praise of Followers,” Harvard Business Review, November-December 1988. Review what followers can do to help leaders to succeed, Michael Useem, Leading Up: How to Lead So You Both Win (New York: Crown, 2001); Ira Chaleff, The Courageous Follower: Standing Up To and For Our Leaders (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1995).

Viktor Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 139.2006, Beacon Press, Boston (first published in 1959).

About.com: Twentieth Century History, “Alfred Nobel,” http://history1900s.about.com/library/weekly/aa042000a. htm; Citizendium, “Alfred Nobel,” http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel.

Boids, “Background and Update,” http://www.red3d.com/cwr/boids/.

Robert Keidel, Game Plans & Corporate Players (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1985).

Viktor E. Frankl. Man’s Search for Meaning (Boston: Beacon Press, 2006) (originally published 1959), 154.

Philip Zimbardo, The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil (Random House, 2007), 451–456

Michael Useem, The Leadership Moment (New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998), Chapter 2.

Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, and Annie McKee, Primal Leadership (Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2002), 51.

Michael Useem. “Kenneth Chenault | Corporate Executive: The Ultimate Trial by Fire.” U.S. News and World Report, November 12, 2007, 70. http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/best-leaders/2007/11/12/kenneth-chenault.html

Thomas Boswell, “The Best Manager There Is,” How Life Imitates the World Series, 150-157.

Thinkexist.com, “Nelson Mandela Quotes,” http://thinkexist.com/quotes/nelson_mandela/.

Jim Collins, Good to Great (New York: Harper Business, 2001).

Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee, Primal Leadership, 52.

Thomas Boswell, “The Best Manager There Is,” How Life Imitates the World Series, 150-157.

Karl Fisch, “Did You Know?” http://thefischbowl.blogspot.com/2006/08/did-you-know.html.

“Though Upbeat on the Economy, People Still Fear for Their Jobs.” The New York Times, December 29, 1996. http://www.nytimes.com/specials/downsize/1229econ-jobs-uncertain.html

Bradley Johnson, Advertising Age, Midwest Regional Edition 77, no. 8 (February 20, 2006), 20. “Employment numbers are soaring, but so are fears of being jobless” he draws on ISR annual survey.

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The Classic Work on How to Achieve Happiness. (New York: Random House, 1992).