1.1. Map of Yunnan province 3

2.1. Political map of China 15

3.1. Yunnan Military Academy, Kunming 43

7.1. Yunnan’s border trade, 1984–2011 150

7.2. Yunnan’s border trade as percentage of total trade, and as percentage of trade with Myanmar/Vietnam/Laos, 1988–2010 150

7.3. Yunnan’s total foreign trade, 1980–2011 151

2.1. Provincial GDP and population in selected years after 1949 14

3.1. Qing dynasty population in Yunnan according to censuses 36

3.2. Official population of Yunnan province by ethnic (minzu) category (millions) 48

5.1. Slogans at the Ninth CAExpo (official English translations) 106

7.1. Examples of outward investment by Yunnan corporations (to end 2010) 161

7.2. Examples of ‘substitute development’ activity by region of origin in Yunnan 167