Invoking the Shell

The command interpreter for the Bash shell (bash) can be invoked as follows:

bash  [options]  [arguments]

Bash can execute commands from a terminal, from a file (when the first argument is a script), or from standard input (if no arguments remain or if -s is specified). The shell automatically prints prompts if standard input is a terminal, or if -i is given on the command line.

On many systems, /bin/sh is a link to Bash. When invoked as sh, Bash acts more like the traditional Bourne shell: login shells read /etc/profile and ~/.profile, and regular shells read $ENV, if it is set. Full details are available in the bash(1) manpage.

Options

-c str

Read commands from string str.

-D, --dump-strings

Print all $"…" strings in the program.

-i

Create an interactive shell (prompt for input).

-l, --login

Shell is a login shell.

-O option

Enable shopt option option. Use +O to unset option.

-p

Start up as a privileged user. Do not read $ENV or $BASH_ENV; do not import functions from the environment; and ignore the values of the BASHOPTS, CDPATH, GLOBIGNORE, and SHELLOPTS variables. The normal fixed-name startup files (such as $HOME/.bash_profile) are read.

-r, --restricted

Create a restricted shell.

-s

Read commands from standard input. Output from built-in commands goes to file descriptor 1; all other shell output goes to file descriptor 2.

--debugger

Read the debugging profile at startup and turn on the extdebug option to shopt. For use by the Bash debugger (see http://bashdb.sourceforge.net).

--dump-po-strings

Same as -D, but output in GNU gettext format.

--help

Print a usage message and exit successfully.

--init-file file, --rcfile file

Use file as the startup file instead of ~/.bashrc for interactive shells.

--noediting

Do not use the readline library for input, even in an interactive shell.

--noprofile

Do not read /etc/profile or any of the personal startup files.

--norc

Do not read ~/.bashrc. Enabled automatically when invoked as sh.

--posix

Turn on POSIX mode.

--verbose

Same as set -v; the shell prints lines as it reads them.

--version

Print a version message and exit.

-, --

End option processing.

See the entry for set for the remaining options.

Arguments

Arguments are assigned in order to the positional parameters $1, $2, etc. If the first argument is a script, commands are read from it, and the remaining arguments are assigned to $1, $2, etc. The name of the script is available as $0. The script file itself need not be executable, but it must be readable.

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