Contents
Preface
Part I Overview
Chapter 1: Cellular Networks: Concepts and Evolution
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 Cellular Network Concepts
Cellular Organization
Network System Elements
Operation of Cellular Systems
1.3 First Generation (1G)
1.4 Second Generation (2G)
Time-Division Multiple Access
GSM Architecture
Radio Link Aspects
1.5 Third Generation (3G)
Code-Division Multiple Access
3G Architecture
1.6 Fourth Generation (4G)
E-UTRAN
LTE-Advanced Transmission Characteristics
Evolved Packet Core
1.7 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 2: 5G Standards and Specifications
2.1 ITU-R and IMT-2020
International Mobile Telecommunications
Capabilities
Usage Scenarios
Use Cases
Evaluation
2.2 ITU-T and IMT-2020
Requirements
Network Slicing
Fixed Mobile Convergence
IMT-2020 Core Network Framework
2.3 3GPP
3GPP Releases
Detailed Requirements
2.4 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
2.5 References and Documents
References
Documents
Chapter 3: Overview of 5G Use Cases and Architecture
3.1 5G Use Cases
ITU-R
5G Americas
NGMA Alliance
3.2 NGMN 5G Architecture Framework
Layered Functionality
Network Slicing
3.3 3GPP 5G Architecture
5G Core Network Architecture
Radio Access Network Architecture
Session Establishment
3.4 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
3.5 References and Documents
References
Documents
Part II Use Cases and Applications
Chapter 4: Enhanced Mobile Broadband
4.1 eMBB Deployment Scenarios
Indoor Hotspot
Dense Urban
Rural
4.2 eMBB Performance Characteristics
Data Rate Requirements
Spectral Efficiency Requirements
Latency Requirements
Mobility Requirements
System Requirements
4.3 Smart Office: An Indoor Hotspot Use Case
4.4 Dense Urban Information Society: A Dense Urban Use Case
4.5 Radiocommunication Systems Between Train and Trackside: A Rural eMBB Use Case
Elements of RSTT
Applications of RSTT
Broadband Connectivity for Passengers
Linear Cell Architecture
4.6 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
4.7 References and Documents
References
Documents
Chapter 5: Massive Machine Type Communications
5.1 mMTC Performance Requirements
5.2 The Internet of Things
The Scope of the Internet of Things
Things on the Internet of Things
Components of IoT-Enabled Things
Constrained Devices
IoT and Cloud Context
5.3 Relationship Between mMTC and the IoT
5.4 Relationship Between mMTC and NB-IoT and eMTC
Comparison of NB-IoT and eMTC
Low-Power Wide Area (LPWA)
5.5 Smart Agriculture
Model of IoT Deployment
Use Cases
Precision Crop Management
Network Performance Requirements
5.6 Smart Cities
Smart City Use Cases
ICT Architecture for Smart Cities
Network Performance Requirements
5.7 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
5.8 References and Documents
References
Documents
Chapter 6: Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications
6.1 URLLC Performance Requirements
Latency
Mobility
Reliability
NGMN Definitions
6.2 URLLC Use Cases in Emerging Mission-Critical Applications
Industrial Automation
Ground Vehicles, Drones, and Robots
Tactile Interaction
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Emergencies, Disasters, and Public Safety
Urgent Healthcare
Intelligent Transportation
6.3 URLLC Applications Based on Performance Requirements
Higher Reliability and Lower Latency
Higher Reliability, Higher Availability, and Lower Latency
Very Low Latency
Higher Accuracy Positioning
Higher Availability
Mission-Critical Services
6.4 Industry 4.0
Factory Automation Architecture
Application Areas
Use Cases
Performance Requirements
6.5 Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management
UTM Architecture
5G Performance Requirements for UTM
6.6 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
6.7 References and Documents
References
Documents
Part III 5G NextGen Core Network
Chapter 7: Software-Defined Networking
7.1 Evolving Network Requirements
7.2 The SDN Approach
Modern Network Requirements
SDN Architecture
Characteristics of Software-Defined Networking
7.3 SDN Data Plane
Data Plane Functions
Data Plane Protocols
7.4 OpenFlow
Flow Table Structure
Flow Table Pipeline
The Use of Multiple Tables
Group Table
OpenFlow Protocol
7.5 SDN Control Plane
Control Plane Functions
Southbound Interface
Northbound Interface
Eastbound Interface
Westbound Interface
7.6 SDN Application Plane
Application Plane Architecture
Northbound Interface
Network Services Abstraction Layer
Network Applications
User Interface
7.7 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
7.8 References and Documents
References
Documents
Chapter 8: Network Functions Virtualization
8.1 Background and Motivation for NFV
8.2 Virtual Machines and Containers
Hypervisor
Architectural Approaches
Container Virtualization
8.3 NFV Concepts
Simple Example of the Use of NFV
NFV Principles
High-Level NFV Framework
8.4 NFV Benefits and Requirements
NFV Benefits
NFV Requirements
8.5 NFV Reference Architecture
NFV Management and Orchestration
Reference Points
8.6 NFV Infrastructure
Container Interface
Deployment of NFVI Containers
Logical Structure of NFVI Domains
Compute Domain
Hypervisor Domain
Infrastructure Network Domain
8.7 Virtualized Network Functions
VNF Interfaces
VNFC-to-VNFC Communication
VNF Scaling
8.8 SDN and NFV
8.9 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
8.10 References and Documents
References
Documents
Chapter 9: Core Network Functionality, QoS, and Network Slicing
9.1 Core Network Requirements
Network Operational Requirements
Basic Network Requirements
9.2 Core Network Functional Architecture
Tunneling
PDU Session Establishment
Policy Control Function
9.3 Quality of Service
QoS Capabilities
QoS Architectural Framework
QoS Classification, Marking, and Differentiation
3GPP QoS Architecture
QoS Parameters
QoS Characteristics
Standardized 5QI-to-QoS Characteristic Mapping
9.4 Network Slicing
Network Slicing Concepts
Requirements for Network Slicing
Identifying and Selecting a Network Slice
Functional Aspects of Network Slicing
Generic Slice Template
9.5 SDN and NFV Support for 5G
9.6 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
9.7 References and Documents
References
Documents
Chapter 10: Multi-Access Edge Computing
10.1 MEC and 5G
10.2 MEC Architectural Concepts
10.3 ETSI MEC Architecture
Design Principles
MEC System Reference Architecture
Related Elements
10.4 MEC in NFV
MEC Components Implemented as VNFs
MEC Components Replaced by NFV Components
MEC System-Level Components
10.5 MEC Support for Network Slicing
10.6 MEC Use Cases
Consumer-Oriented Services
Operator and Third-Party Services
Network Performance and QoS Improvements
10.7 3GPP Architecture for Enabling Edge Applications
EDGEAPP Functional Architecture
Synergized Mobile Edge Cloud Architecture
10.8 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
10.9 References and Documents
References
Documents
Part IV 5G NR Air Interface and Radio Access Network
Chapter 11: Wireless Transmission
11.1 Channel Capacity
Nyquist Bandwidth
Shannon Capacity Formula
11.2 Line-of-Sight Transmission
Refraction
Optical and Radio Line of Sight
11.3 Line-of-Sight Transmission Impairments
Attenuation
Free Space Loss
Path Loss Exponent in Practical Cellular Systems
Noise
The Expression Eb/N0
Atmospheric Absorption
Multipath
Refraction
11.4 Fading in the Mobile Environment
Multipath Propagation
The Effects of Multipath Propagation
Types of Fading
The Fading Channel
11.5 Millimeter Wave Transmission for 5G
Propagation Impairments
Implications for 5G
11.6 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
11.7 References
ANNEX 11A: Decibels and Signal Strength
Chapter 12: Antennas
12.1 Channel Correction Mechanisms
Adaptive Equalization
Diversity Techniques
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Forward Error Correction
12.2 Introduction to Antennas
Radiation Patterns
Antenna Types
Antenna Gain
12.3 Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antennas
MIMO Principles
Multiple-User MIMO
12.4 Advanced Cellular Antennas
Evolution of Cellular Antennas
Beamforming
Active Antenna Systems
Massive MIMO
12.5 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
12.6 References
Chapter 13: Air Interface Physical Layer
13.1 Modulation Schemes
Modulation
Amplitude-Shift Keying
Frequency-Shift Keying
Phase-Shift Keying
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
π/2-BPSK
13.2 OFDM, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
OFDM Implementation
Difficulties of OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access
Single-Carrier FDMA
13.3 Waveforms and Numerologies
Numerology
CP-OFDM
DFT-S-OFDM
13.4 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
13.5 References and Documents
References
Documents
Annex 13A: Multiplexing and Multiple Access
Multiplexing
Multiple Access
Chapter 14: Air Interface Channel Coding
14.1 Transmission Errors
Error Burst
Data Transmission Channels
14.2 Forward Error Correction
Block Error Correction
Hamming Distance
14.3 Parity-Check Matrix Codes
Encoding
Error Detection
Error Correction
14.4 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes
Code Construction
Error Correction
Encoding
14.5 Polar Coding
Polar Encoder
Synthetic Channels
Decoding
14.6 3GPP Channel Coding Specification
Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check Codes
Polar Coding with CRC
14.7 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
14.8 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
14.9 References and Documents
References
Documents
Chapter 15: 5G Radio Access Network
15.1 Overall RAN Architecture
15.2 RAN–Core Functional Split
RAN Functional Areas
Core Functional Areas
15.3 RAN Channel Structure
Logical Channel
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
15.4 RAN Protocol Architecture
Air Interface Protocol Architecture
Channel Structure
RAN–Core Network Interface Protocol Architecture
Xn Interface Protocol Architecture
15.5 NG RAN Transport Network
15.6 Integrated Access and Backhaul
IAB Architecture
Parent/Child Relationship
IAB Protocol Architecture
15.7 Key Terms and Review Questions
Key Terms
Review Questions
15.8 References and Documents
References
Documents
Part V Appendixes
Appendix A: Review Questions and Solutions
Appendix B: Glossary
Appendix C: Acronyms
Index
