Contents

Chapter 1: Global Genesis of the Central Bank

1.1Origin of the Central Bank

1.2Roles of the Central Bank

Questions

Chapter 2: Relevance of the Central Bank Balance Sheet

2.1Understanding Relevance of Central Bank Balance Sheet in Functions of Economy

2.1.1Similarities and Differences between a Company’s Balance Sheet and a Central Bank Balance Sheet

2.2Trajectory Relevance of the Central Bank Balance Sheet

2.3Externality of the Central Bank Balance Sheet Size

Questions

Chapter 3: Components of Central Bank Balance Sheets

3.1Factors Influence the Reporting Frequency of Central Bank Balance Sheets

3.2Components of Central Bank Assets and their Composition Analysis

3.2.1Foreign Assets

3.3Components of Central Bank Liabilities and their Composition Analysis

3.3.1Banknotes

3.3.2Commercial Bank Reserves

3.3.3Capital

Questions

Chapter 4: Analytical Framework of Central Bank Balance Sheets

4.1Structure of Central Bank Balance Sheets

4.2Balance Sheet Indicators

4.2.1Computation of Indicators

4.2.2Significance of these Indicators

4.2.3Underlying Assumptions of Four Indicators

4.3Determinants of Central Bank Balance Sheet Composition

4.4Classification of Central Bank Balance Sheet Components

4.5Theoretical Landscape: Quantity Theory of Money versus Quality Theory of Money

4.5.1Quantity Theory of Money

4.5.2Quality Theory of Money

Questions

Chapter 5: Evolution of Central Bank Balance Sheets and Their Heterogeneous Dimensions

5.1What Makes Central Bank Balance Sheets Special?

5.2Historic Uses of Central Bank Balance Sheets

5.3Composition of Central Bank Balance Sheet Liabilities

5.3.1Central Bank Liabilities in Normal Times

5.3.2Snapshot of Selected Economies’ Performance before the 2007–2008 Crisis

5.3.3Country-by-Country Snapshots of Economic Structure Since 2005

5.3.4A Look at the Balance Sheets: 2005 and 2006

5.3.5Snapshot of Selected Economies’ Performance during the 2007–2008 Crisis

5.3.6Snapshot of Selected Economies’ Performance Today

5.3.7Central Bank Liabilities Today

Conclusion

Questions

Chapter 6: Composition of Central Bank Balance Sheet Assets

6.1Central Bank Assets in Normal Times

6.1.1Central Bank Assets of Emerging Economies

6.2Central Bank Assets During the 2007–2008 Crisis

6.2.1Central Bank Assets of Developing and Emerging Economies during the 2007–2008 Crisis

6.3Central Bank Assets Today

6.3.1Central Bank Assets of Emerging Economies Today

6.4Asset-Side Composition and Economic Growth Nexus

6.4.1Asset-Growth Nexus before the 2007–2008 Crisis

6.4.2Asset-Growth Nexus during the 2007–2008 Crisis

6.4.3Asset-Growth Nexus after the 2007–2008 Crisis

6.5The Evolution of Central Bank Balance Sheets in the Future

Questions

Chapter 7: Financial Ratios of the Central Bank Balance Sheet

7.1International Strength

7.2External Strength Ratio

7.3External Impact Ratio

7.4Liquidity Ratios I, II, and III

7.4.1Liquidity Ratio I

7.4.2Liquidity Ratio II

7.4.3Liquidity Ratio III

7.5Equity Ratio

Questions

Chapter 8: Central Bank Operations

8.1Types of Central Bank Operations

8.1.1Supply Liquidity

8.1.2Absorb Excess Liquidity

8.1.3Asset Securities

8.1.4Off Balance Swap

8.2Central Bank Policy Instruments

8.2.1Open Market Operations

8.2.2Reserve Requirements

8.2.3Discount Rate

8.2.4Money Market Investor Funding Facility

8.2.5Term Auction Facility

8.2.6Commercial Paper Funding Facility

8.2.7Primary Dealer Credit Facility

8.2.8Recap of Policy Instruments

Questions

Chapter 9: Real Business Cycles

9.1The RBC Model

9.1.1Features of RBC Models

9.1.2Basic Economic Factors

9.1.3Fluctuations in the Business Cycle

9.1.4Boom and Recession

9.2Concept of RBCs Applied to Economic Policy

9.3Techniques of Estimating RBCs

9.4Methods to Estimate Potential Output and Output Gaps

9.4.1Trending Methods

9.4.2Univariate Filters Method

9.4.3Multivariate Filters

9.4.4Production Function Approaches

9.4.5Criteria for Evaluating Different Methods of Estimating Potential Output

Questions

Chapter 10: Central Bank Balance Sheets and Real Business Cycles

10.1Linkages between Central Bank Balance Sheets and Real Business Cycles

10.1.1Monetary Policies and Business Cycles

10.1.2Identifying an Acceptable Range of Values

10.1.3Asset Transparency

10.2Impact Evaluation of Central Bank Balance Sheets on Economic Environment

10.2.1Central Bank Balance Sheets and Debt Management

10.2.2Modeling Challenges Confronting Central Bank Balance Sheets

Questions

Chapter 11: Conclusion

Questions Left Unanswered: Areas for Future Research

Policy Debates

Appendix I: Central Bank Balance Sheets of Different Countries

Asia Region

Malaysia’s Central Bank Balance Sheets for the Month of February 2018

Monetary Authority of Singapore

Africa Region

Nigeria’s Central Bank Balance Sheets for the Month of November 2017

South America

Central Reserve Bank of Peru

Brazil

Chile

Argentina

North America

Mexico

Canada

United States

Appendix II: Abbreviations

References

Index

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