Which type of audit can be used to determine whether accounts have been established properly and verify that privilege creep isn't occurring?
Privilege audit
Usage audit
Escalation audit
Report audit
What kind of physical access device restricts access to a small number of individuals at one time?
Checkpoint
Perimeter security
Security zones
Mantrap
Which of the following is a set of voluntary standards governing encryption?
PKI
PKCS
ISA
SSL
Which protocol is used to create a secure environment in a wireless network?
WAP
WEP
WTLS
WML
An Internet server interfaces with TCP/IP at which layer of the DOD model?
Transport layer
Network layer
Process layer
Internet layer
You want to establish a network connection between two LANs using the Internet. Which technology would best accomplish that for you?
IPSec
L2TP
PPP
SLIP
Which design concept limits access to systems from outside users while protecting systems in an inside LAN?
DMZ
VLAN
I&A
Router
In the key recovery process, which key must be recoverable?
Rollover key
Secret key
Previous key
Escrow key
Which kind of attack is designed to overload a particular protocol or service?
Spoofing
Back door
Man in the middle
Flood
Which component of an IDS collects data?
Data source
Sensor
Event
Analyzer
What is the process of making an operating system secure from attack called?
Hardening
Tuning
Sealing
Locking down
The integrity objective addresses which characteristic of information security?
Verification that information is accurate
Verification that ethics are properly maintained
Establishment of clear access control of data
Verification that data is kept private and secure
Which mechanism is used by PKI to allow immediate verification of a certificate's validity?
CRL
MD5
SSHA
OCSP
Which of the following is the equivalent of a VLAN from a physical security perspective?
Perimeter security
Partitioning
Security zones
Physical barrier
A user has just reported that he downloaded a file from a prospective client using IM. The user indicates that the file was called account.doc
. The system has been behaving unusually since he downloaded the file. What is the most likely event that occurred?
Your user inadvertently downloaded a virus using IM.
Your user may have a defective hard drive.
Your user is hallucinating and should increase his medication.
The system is suffering from power surges.
Which mechanism or process is used to enable or disable access to a network resource based on an IP address?
NDS
ACL
Hardening
Port blocking
Which of the following would provide additional security to an Internet web server?
Changing the port address to 80.
Changing the port address to 1019.
Adding a firewall to block port 80.
Web servers can't be secured.
What type of program exists primarily to propagate and spread itself to other systems?
Virus
Trojan horse
Logic bomb
Worm
An individual presents herself at your office claiming to be a service technician. She wants to discuss your current server configuration. This may be an example of what type of attack?
Social engineering
Access control
Perimeter screening
Behavioral engineering
Which of the following is a major security problem with FTP servers?
Password files are stored in an unsecure area on disk.
Memory traces can corrupt file access.
User IDs and passwords are unencrypted.
FTP sites are unregistered.
Which system would you install to provide active protection and notification of security problems in a network connected to the Internet?
IDS
Network monitoring
Router
VPN
The process of verifying the steps taken to maintain the integrity of evidence is called what?
Security investigation
Chain of custody
Three A's of investigation
Security policy
What encryption process uses one message to hide another?
Steganography
Hashing
MDA
Cryptointelligence
Which policy dictates how computers are used in an organization?
Security policy
User policy
Use policy
Enforcement policy
Which algorithm is used to create a temporary secure session for the exchange of key information?
KDC
KEA
SSL
RSA
You've been hired as a security consultant for a company that's beginning to implement hand-held devices, such as PDAs. You're told that the company must use an asymmetric system. Which security standard would you recommend it implement?
ECC
PKI
SHA
MD
Which of the following backup methods will generally provide the fastest backup times?
Full backup
Incremental backup
Differential backup
Archival backup
You want to grant access to network resources based on authenticating an individual's retina during a scan. Which security method uses a physical characteristic as a method of determining identity?
Smart card
I&A
Biometrics
CHAP
Which access control method is primarily concerned with the role that individuals have in the organization?
MAC
DAC
RBAC
STAC
The process of investigating a computer system for clues into an event is called what?
Computer forensics
Virus scanning
Security policy
Evidence gathering
A. A privilege audit is used to determine that all groups, users, and other accounts have the appropriate privileges assigned according to the policies of an organization. For more information, see Chapter 8.
D. A mantrap is a device, such as a small room, that limits access to a small number of individuals. Mantraps typically use electronic locks and other methods to control access. For more information, see Chapter 6.
B. Public Key Cryptography Standards are a set of voluntary standards for public key cryptography. This set of standards is coordinated by RSA Incorporated. For more information, see Chapter 7.
B. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is designed to provide security equivalent to that of a wired network. WEP has vulnerabilities and isn't considered highly secure. For additional information, see Chapter 4.
C. The Process layer interfaces with applications and encapsulates traffic through the Host-to-Host or Transport layer, the Internet layer, and the Network Access layer. For more information, see Chapter 2.
B. L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) is a tunneling protocol that can be used between LANs. L2TP isn't secure, and you should use IPSec with it to provide data security. For more information, see Chapter 3.
A. A DMZ (demilitarized zone) is an area in a network that allows restrictive access to untrusted users and isolates the internal network from access by external users and systems. It does so by using routers and firewalls to limit access to sensitive network resources. For more information, see Chapter 1.
C. A key recovery process must be able to recover a previous key. If the previous key can't be recovered, then all the information that used the key will be irrecoverably lost. For more information, see Chapter 7.
D. A flood attack is designed to overload a protocol or service by repeatedly initiating a request for service. This type of attack usually results in a DoS (denial of service) situation occurring, due to the protocol freezing or excessive bandwidth usage in the network as a result of the requests. For more information, see Chapter 2.
B. A sensor collects data from the data source and passes it on to the analyzer. If the analyzer determines that unusual activity has occurred, an alert may be generated. For additional information, see Chapter 4.
A. Hardening is the term used to describe the process of securing a system. This is accomplished in many ways, including disabling unneeded protocols. For additional information on hardening, see Chapter 5.
A. The goal of integrity is to verify that information being used is accurate and hasn't been tampered with. Integrity is coupled with accountability to ensure that data is accurate and that a final authority exists to verify this, if needed. For more information, see Chapter 1.
D. Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) is the mechanism used to immediately verify whether a certificate is valid. The CRL (Certificate Revocation List) is published on a regular basis, but it isn't current once it's published. For additional information, see Chapter 7.
B. Partitioning is the process of breaking a network into smaller components that can each be individually protected. The concept is the same as building walls in an office building. For additional information, see Chapter 6.
A. IM and other systems allow unsuspecting users to download files that may contain viruses. Due to a weakness in the file extensions naming conventions, a file that appears to have one extension may actually have another extension. For example, the file mydocument.doc.vbs
would appear in many applications as mydocument.doc
, but it's actually a Visual Basic script and could contain malicious code. For additional information, see Chapter 4.
B. Access control lists (ACLs) are used to allow or deny an IP address access to a network. ACL mechanisms are implemented in many routers, firewalls, and other network devices. For additional information, see Chapter 5.
B. The default port for a web server is port 80. By changing the port to 1019, you force users to specify this port when they are using a browser. This action provides a little additional security for your website. Adding a firewall to block port 80 would secure your website so much that no one would be able to access it. For more information, see Chapter 3.
D. A worm is designed to multiply and propagate. Worms may carry viruses that cause system destruction, but that isn't their primary mission. For more information, see Chapter 2.
A. Social engineering is the method of using human intelligence methods to gain access or information about your organization. For additional information, see Chapter 6.
C. In most environments, FTP sends account and password information unencrypted. This makes these accounts vulnerable to network sniffing. For additional information, see Chapter 5.
A. An intrusion detection system (IDS) provides active monitoring and rules-based responses to unusual activities on a network. A firewall provides passive security by preventing access from unauthorized traffic. If the firewall were compromised, the IDS would notify you based on rules it's designed to implement. For more information, see Chapter 3.
B. The chain of custody ensures that each step taken with evidence is documented and accounted for from the point of collection. Chain of custody is the Who, What, When, Where, and Why of evidence storage. For additional information, see Chapter 9.
A. Steganography is the process of hiding one message in another. Steganography may also be referred to as electronic watermarking. For additional information, see Chapter 7.
C. The use policy is also referred to as the usage policy. It should state acceptable uses of computer and organizational resources by employees. This policy should outline consequences of noncompliance. For additional information, see Chapter 9.
B. The Key Exchange Algorithm (KEA) is used to create a temporary session to exchange key information. This session creates a secret key. When this key has been exchanged, the regular session begins. For more information, see Chapter 7.
A. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) would probably be your best choice for a PDA. ECC is designed to work with smaller processors. The other systems may be options, but they require more computing power than ECC. For additional information, see Chapter 7.
B. An incremental backup will generally be the fastest of the backup methods because it backs up only the files that have changed since the last incremental or full backup. See Chapter 8 for more information.
C. Biometrics is the authentication process that uses physical characteristics, such as a palm print or retinal pattern, to establish identification. For more information, see Chapter 1.
C. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is primarily concerned with providing access to systems that a user needs based on the user's role in the organization. For more information, see Chapter 8.
A. Computer forensics is the process of investigating a computer system to determine the cause of an incident. Part of this process would be gathering evidence. For additional information, see Chapter 9.
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