Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Pricing Concepts

Cost-Based Pricing

Parametric Estimating

Should-Cost Pricing

Other Pricing and Estimating Methods

Chapter 2: Direct-Labor Dollars

Direct-Labor Hours

Direct-Labor Rates

Basis of Estimate

Chapter 3: Direct Material and Subcontract Costs

Material Quantities

Material Prices

Subcontract Prices

Intercompany Transfers

Basis of Estimate

Chapter 4: Indirect Costs

Indirect Cost Structure

FAR Subpart 31.2 Cost Limitations

Estimating Principles

Estimating Worksheets

Chapter 5: Other Direct Costs

Establishing Other Direct Costs

Estimating Other Direct Costs

Currency Exchange

Basis of Estimate

Chapter 6: Facilities Capital Cost of Money

Chapter 7: Profit or Fee

The Federal Acquisition Regulation

Department of Defense Profit Guidelines

NASA Guidelines

Other Agencies’ Guidelines

Chapter 8: Federal Acquisition Regulation Requirements

FAR Table 15-2

Field Pricing Support

Consistency in Estimating and Recording Costs

Price and Cost Realism

Estimating Systems—FAR

Estimating Systems—Defense FAR Supplement

Forward Pricing Rate Agreements

Defense Contract Audit Agency Proposal Reviews

Proposal Presentation

Chapter 9: Contract Modifications

Direct-Labor Hours

Direct-Labor Rates

Direct Materials and Subcontracts

Other Direct Costs

Estimating Techniques

Profit

Chapter 10: Improvement Curves

Application of the Improvement Curve Concept

Description of the Improvement Curve

Fitting the Improvement Curve to Data

Characteristics of the Improvement Curve

Improvement Curve Types

Fitting the Improvement Curve to Lot Data

Improvement Curve Techniques

Coefficient of Determination

Selection of the Curve

Engineering and Other Changes

Variations in the Theory

Chapter 11: Commercial and Market-Based Pricing

Commercial and Market Pricing

Commercial Pricing Additives

Price Analysis

Value-Based Pricing

Incremental Pricing

Activity-Based Costing and Pricing

Design-to-Cost

Chapter 12: Defense Contract Audit Agency Proposal Reviews

Direct Labor

Direct Materials

Other Direct Costs

Indirect Costs

Chapter 13: The Truth-in-Negotiations Act (Public Law 87-653)

Covered Contracts

Special Subcontracting Considerations

Proving Defective Pricing

Letter Contracts

Preventing Defective Pricing

Appendices

Appendix A: Audit Program for Evaluation of Cost Realism in Price Proposals

Appendix B: Audit Program for Estimating System Controls

Appendix C: Audit Program for Audit of Forward Pricing Rate Agreement

Appendix D: Audit Program for Price Proposal

Appendix E: Audit Program for Cost Element Review

Appendix F: Internal Control Matrix for Audit of Estimating System Controls

Index

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