List of Figures
| 1.1 | Sectors of blockchain. |
| 1.2 | Cryptographically linked blocks. |
| 1.3 | Hash function. |
| 1.4 | Immutability of blockchain. |
| 1.5 | P2P network of blockchain. |
| 1.6 | Process of mining. |
| 1.7 | Ethereum network. |
| 1.8 | Interfacing with Ethereum. |
| 1.9 | Transaction in Ethereum network. |
| 1.10 | Index page of the application. |
| 1.11 | Fields for a complaint. |
| 1.12 | Submitting the complaint. |
| 1.13 | Fetching complaint by ID. |
| 1.14 | Fetching recent complaint. |
| 2.1 | Continuous sequence of blocks in blockchain. |
| 2.2 | Block structure. |
| 2.3 | Digital signature. |
| 2.4 | Blockchain branches scenario. |
| 2.5 | Double-spending attack script. |
| 2.6 | Technique for choosing main chain when fork appears. |
| 3.1 | Blockchain { the invisible technology. |
| 3.2 | Transaction cycle of blockchain. |
| 3.3 | Collaboration of Blockchain with 5G. |
| 3.4 | The fusion of Blockchain and 5G. |
| 4.1 | An example of blockchain. |
| 4.2 | Block structure. |
| 4.3 | Popular social networks as of April 2019. |
| 4.4 | Data generated every single minute (Courtesy of Domo, Inc.). |
| 4.5 | DOSN architecture. |
| 4.6 | Hierarchical organization of social content. |
| 4.7 | An instance of an object structure. |
| 4.8 | Architecture of blockchain-based information exchange. |
| 4.9 | Comparison of SIR and Blockchain-based SIR model. |
| 4.10 | Blockchain technology market size. |
| 5.1 | CACC platooning variants. |
| 5.2 | Blockchain. |
| 5.3 | Blockchain in the platoon for intra-platoon communication and platoon management. |
| 5.4 | Periodic self-status update in a smart contract by vehicle. |
| 5.5 | Operations performed by the initial vehicles (validator nodes) in the CACC platoon. |
| 5.6 | Operations performed by non-initial platoon members. |
| 5.7 | Blockchain for trust and reputation management at RSU plane. |
| 5.8 | Testbed setup for the CACC platoon of vehicular plane. |
| 5.9 | Testbed setup for maintaining blockchain at the RSU plane. |
| 5.10 | CPU utilization of blockchain node (vehicle) when running the PoA blockchain consensus mechanism. |
| 5.11 | System performance of blockchain node (RSU) when idle. |
| 5.12 | System performance of blockchain node (RSU) when mining. |
| 7.1 | Schematic diagram of the VVP model. |
| 7.2 | The different dynamic states observed in 2D phase space. |
| 7.3 | Combined time series plots for different dynamic states. |
| 7.4 | Bifurcation diagram for variation in b1 parameter. |
| 7.5 | Lyapunov exponent plot for different dynamic states. |
| 7.6 | Synchronization in Case 1 and synchronization with chaos control of chaos in Case 2 on activation of Controller 1 and Controller 2 at t = 1000. |
| 8.1 | Understanding a Bitcoin transaction. |
| 8.2 | Average percentage of the Bitcoin value drop. |
| 8.3 | Bitcoin price prediction. |
| 9.1 | Linked list. |
| 9.2 | Hash function. |
| 9.3 | Simplified Bitcoin blockchain. |
| 9.4 | Client-Server model. |
| 9.5 | Peer-to-peer connection. |
| 9.6 | Centralized vs. Decentralized downloading. |
| 9.7 | Photo showing the effects of the ban on spinach due to the E. coli outbreak. |
| 9.8 | Flow of supply process. |
| 9.9 | Representation of cybersecurity. |
| 9.10 | Representation of voting technology using blockchain. |
| 9.11 | Representation of voting system. |
| 10.1 | Growth of big data from GBs to ZBs. |
| 10.2 | Expected growth of bitcoins based on past data. |
| 10.3 | Schematic of how a blockchain works. |
| 10.4 | Growth of big data research studies by various people in different formats. |
| 10.5 | Digital transformations in Industry 4.0 using Big Data. |
| 10.6 | Use of blockchain and big data in health facilities. |
| 11.1 | Farmers across various states caught in the cycle of agricultural debt. |
| 11.2 | Types of blockchain. |
| 11.3 | Major components of the global agricultural blockchain. |
| 11.4 | Challenges facing blockchain methodology. |
| 11.5 | Artificial intelligence approach to revolutionize farming methodology into sustainable farming and e-agriculture. |
| 11.6 | Potential benefits and opportunities provided through blockchain in e-agriculture. |
| 11.7 | Different stages of the agricultural supply chain in which the proposed work can be hashed into a block forming a blockchain. |
| 12.1 | Bitcoin energy consumption index. |
| 12.2 | Photographic depiction of the relation between cryptocurrencies and the environment. |
| 12.3 | The environmental impacts of Bitcoin. |
| 12.4 | Simple blockchain model. |
| 12.5 | Distributed ledger technology (DLT). |
| 12.6 | Distributed communications networks. |
| 12.7 | Blockchain structure. |
| 12.8 | How blockchain works. |
| 12.9 | Diagram of the combined technological advancements of Bitcoin. |
| 12.10 | The November 1, 2008 online post of Satoshi Nakamoto announcing the white paper that became Bitcoin. |
| 12.11 | Digital signatures. |
| 12.12 | How a blockchain works. |
| 12.13 | Published blockchain and private blockchain. |
| 12.14 | The threat of double-spending. |
| 12.15 | What is blockchain technology? |
| 12.16 | Blockchain: A blockchain is a linked list that is built with hash pointers instead of pointers. |
| 12.17 | Environmental implications of the cryptocurrency market. |
| 12.18 | Steps to determine Bitcoin’s energy consumption. |
| 13.1 | Applications of blockchain technology. |
| 13.2 | Blockchain technology for better customer experience. |
| 13.3 | Theoretical framework of investment banks. |
| 13.4 | Process in front-end operations. |
| 13.5 | Process in middle operations. |
| 13.6 | Process in back-end operations. |
| 13.7 | Flowchart representation of a conceptual framework. |
| 13.8 | Path diagram with standardized estimates displayed based on the regulatory framework in investment banks. |
| 14.1 | Blockchain-based P2P energy market. |
| 14.2 | Example of P2P network distributed ledger [26]. |
| 14.3 | Energy transactions registered in blockchain. |
| 14.4 | Merkle tree for storing multiple energy transactions and Merkle path. |
| 14.5 | Private transaction for energy tokens using zero-knowledge proofs. |
| 14.6 | Smart contract controlling prosumers registration in the energy market. |
| 14.7 | Energy token based on ERC-721 contract (left) and token metadata (right). |
| 14.8 | Prosumer-level smart contracts for defining energy bids (left) and offers (right). |
| 14.9 | Smart contract for market session management. |
| 14.10 | Smart contract for market session financial settlement. |
| 15.1 | Parts of a block in a blockchain. |
| 15.2 | The market capital of the main cryptocurrencies; the total market capital presently is $323.43 billion. |
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