Glossary
The following terms show up throughout the book and, with their accompanying definitions, they should be a useful resource when studying for the exam.
| Apache containers | Sections within the Apache Web server configuration files. |
| Apache modules | Add-ons for the Apache Web server. |
| Attributes | The properties of a file, such as size, modification date, ownership, and permissions. |
| Binary package | Group of files in compiled format that has been designed to work on the appropriate Linux distribution. |
| Child process | Process spawned from a parent process. Each parent can have many child processes. |
| Class (of printer) | Group of printers linked together so they can act as one. |
| Command Line Interpreter or Command Line Interface (CLI) | A full-screen or windowed text-mode session where the user executes programs by typing in commands with or without parameters. |
| Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) | The standards-based, open source printing system. |
| Dependencies | Packages required to be installed when another package is installed. |
| Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) | A protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP. |
| Discretionary Access Control (DAC) | Type of access control where system privileges are specified by the owner of an object, who can apply, modify, or remove them at will. |
| DNS server, authoritative | A DNS server that gives the definitive answer to a DNS query, and not a cached answer from another server. |
| Domain Master Browser (DMB) | The domain master server within an individual samba workgroup. |
| Exit value | Shows the exit status of the shell and commands. |
| Firewall | Security device to segregate networks. |
| Forwarding or tunnelling | One network protocol encapsulating a different protocol. |
| FTP server, active mode | FTP client uses the PORT command. |
| FTP server, anonymous server | An FTP server in which users do not need an account on the server. |
| FTP server, passive mode | FTP client uses the PASV command. |
| Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) | Complete definition of a host, such as host.test.com. |
| Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) | Bootloader used on most modern versions of the Linux operating system. |
| Group Identification number (GID) | Identification number of a Linux group. |
| Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) | Abstraction layer between hardware and the software in a computer. |
| Hostname | Name of the specific host. |
| Immutable | Files that cannot be deleted, even by root. |
| Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) | An e-mail protocol that allows users to receive using an IMAP e-mail client, where all e-mail, folders, and so on are stored on the server, rather than on the client's local computer. |
| Inode | A data structure holding information about files in a Unix file system. |
| Iostat | Program to report statistics regarding the I/O system. |
| Journaling | Journaling filesystems keep a record of changes and allows for faster restart after an unexpected system shutdown. |
| Kernel | The core operational code of an operating system. |
| Lease | Temporary assignment of an IP address to a host by a DHCP server. |
| Least privilege | Runs programs with as few privileges as possible. |
| libraries | Groups of files. |
| Linux distribution | A particular version of Linux, such as OpenSUSE, Red Har, and so on. |
| Load average | The average loading of the system over a period of time. |
| Local Master Browser (LMB) | Master browser on a subnet. |
| Logical partition | Subpartition of a primary partition. |
| Makefile | Describes the dependencies between files. |
| Mandatory Access Control (MAC) | A type of access control where system privileges are specified by the system. |
| Master Boot Record (MBR) | Holds the partition table of the disk and can contain executable code. |
| Metadata | Data about data. |
| Mode | Permission on a file. |
| Mail Transport Agent (MTA) | A program responsible for delivering e-mail messages. |
| Network Time Protocol (NTP) | The TCP/IP protocol used to synchronize the clocks on computers across a network. |
| Package manager | Collection of tools to automate the installing, upgrading, and configuring of software packages. |
| Packages | Collection of files, either in binary or source form. |
| Parent process | The process that spawned (started) a new process. |
| Post Office Protocol (POP) | An application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server. |
| Privilege Escalation | Process to escalate your privileges to that of an administrator. |
| Redirection | Redirects IO from or to a different device. |
| Regular Expression (regex) | A recognized method for describing a search pattern. |
| Relay | Method of forwarding e-mail on. |
| Residual data | Small parts of a disk that have obsolete data. |
| Root | Often called superuser or administrator. |
| Runlevel | A specialized script that starts a different set of services. |
| Samba | An open source suite of programs that provides file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients and allows for interoperability between Linux/Unix servers and Windows-based clients. |
| Server Message Block (SMB) | Protocol that can be used to interface linux and windows systems. |
| ServerRoot | In Samba, location where other files can be made relative to. |
| Shadow password | Encrypted password file. |
| Software repositories | Locations where different software packages are held. |
| Source package | Collection of files that need to be compiled. |
| Stanza | Section of a Samba configuration file. |
| Sticky bit | Programs run with the permissions of the owner of the file and not that of the user who runs the program. |
| Stream editor | Noninteractive editor. |
| Syslog | Utility for logging system messages. |
| Terminal | A utility that can be run to input commands into. |
| User ID (UID) | A numeric identifier that represents a user. |
| Window Manager | A program or suite of software that controls the placement and appearance of windows within a windowing system in a GUI. |
| X Window System (or simply, X) | An open source suite of software (including a network protocol) that implements the X display protocol, provides windowing and manages keyboard and mouse functions to provide a GUI for networked computers. |
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