- Selenium Testing Tools Cookbook Second Edition
- Table of Contents
- Selenium Testing Tools Cookbook Second Edition
- Credits
- About the Author
- About the Reviewers
- www.PacktPub.com
- Preface
- 1. Getting Started
- Introduction
- Configuring the Selenium WebDriver test development environment for Java with Eclipse and Maven
- Using Ant for the Selenium WebDriver test execution
- Configuring Microsoft Visual Studio for Selenium WebDriver test development
- Configuring Selenium WebDriver for Python and Ruby
- Setting up Internet Explorer Driver Server
- Setting up ChromeDriver for Google Chrome
- Setting up Microsoft WebDriver for Microsoft Edge
- 2. Finding Elements
- Introduction
- Using browser tools for inspecting elements and page structure
- Finding an element using the findElement method
- Finding elements using the findElements method
- Finding links
- Finding elements by tag name
- Finding elements using XPath
- Selecting nodes
- How to do it...
- Finding elements with an absolute path
- Finding elements with a relative path
- Finding elements using predicates
- Finding elements using attributes values with XPath
- Finding elements using attributes with XPath
- Matching any attribute using a value
- Selecting unknown nodes
- Selecting several paths
- Locating elements with XPath axes
- How it works...
- Finding elements using CSS selectors
- How to do it...
- Finding elements with an absolute path
- Finding elements with a relative path
- Finding elements using the Class selector
- Finding elements using the ID selector
- Finding elements using the attributes selector
- Finding elements using the attributes name selector
- Selecting several paths
- Performing a partial match on attribute values
- How it works...
- See also
- How to do it...
- Locating elements using text
- Finding elements using advanced CSS selectors
- Using jQuery selectors
- 3. Working with Elements
- Introduction
- Automating textboxes, text areas, and buttons
- Checking an element's text
- Checking an element's attribute and CSS values
- Automating dropdowns and lists
- Checking options in the Select element
- Checking selected options in dropdowns and lists
- Automating radio buttons and radio groups
- Automating checkboxes
- Working with WebTables
- 4. Working with Selenium API
- Introduction
- Checking an element's presence
- Checking an element's state
- Using Advanced User Interactions API for mouse and keyboard events
- Performing double-click on an element
- Performing drag-and-drop operations
- Working with context menus
- Executing the JavaScript code
- Capturing screenshots with Selenium WebDriver
- Maximizing the browser window
- Handling session cookies
- Working with browser navigation
- Working with WebDriver events
- 5. Synchronizing Tests
- 6. Working with Alerts, Frames, and Windows
- 7. Data-Driven Testing
- Introduction
- Creating a data-driven test using JUnit
- Creating a data-driven test using TestNG
- Reading test data from a CSV file using JUnit
- Reading test data from an Excel file using JUnit and Apache POI
- Creating a data-driven test in NUnit
- Creating a data-driven test in MSTEST
- Creating a data-driven test in Ruby using Roo
- Creating a data-driven test in Python using DDT
- 8. Using the Page Object Model
- Introduction
- Using the PageFactory class for exposing the elements on a page
- Using the PageFactory class for exposing an operation on a page
- Using the LoadableComponent class
- Implementing nested Page Object instances
- Implementing the Page Object model in .NET
- Implementing the Page Object model in Python
- Implementing the Page Object model in Ruby using the page-object gem
- 9. Extending Selenium
- Introduction
- Creating an extension class for web tables
- Creating an extension for the jQueryUI tab widget
- Implementing an extension for the WebElement object to set the element attribute values
- Implementing an extension for the WebElement object to highlight elements
- Creating an object map for Selenium tests
- Capturing screenshots of elements in the Selenium WebDriver
- Comparing images in Selenium
- Measuring performance with the Navigation Timing API
- 10. Testing HTML5 Web Applications
- 11. Behavior-Driven Development
- 12. Integration with Other Tools
- Introduction
- Configuring Jenkins for continuous integration
- Using Jenkins and Maven for Selenium WebDriver test execution in continuous integration
- Using Ant for Selenium WebDriver test execution
- Using Jenkins and Ant for Selenium WebDriver test execution in continuous integration
- Automating a non-web UI in Selenium WebDriver with AutoIt
- Automating a non-web UI in Selenium WebDriver with Sikuli
- 13. Cross-Browser Testing
- Introduction
- Setting up Selenium Grid Server for parallel execution
- Adding nodes to Selenium Grid for cross-browser testing
- Creating and executing the Selenium script in parallel with TestNG
- Creating and executing the Selenium script in parallel with Python
- Using Cloud tools for cross-browser testing running tests in the Cloud
- Running tests in headless mode with PhantomJS
- 14. Testing Applications on Mobile Browsers
- Index
In this chapter, we will see how to use Selenium WebDriver API to find elements on a Web page and interact with these elements. We will explore various locator strategies supported by Selenium WebDriver. You will learn about:
- Using browser tools for inspecting elements and page DOM
- Finding an element using the findElement method
- Finding elements using the findElements method
- Finding links
- Finding elements by tag name
- Finding elements using CSS selectors
- Finding elements using XPath
- Finding elements using tag text contents
- Finding elements using advanced CSS selectors
- Using jQuery selectors
Web applications, and the web pages within these applications, are commonly written in a mix of Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and JavaScript code. Based on user actions like navigating to a website Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or clicking the submit button, a browser sends a request to a web server. Web server processes this request and sends back a response with HTML and related resources, such as JavaScript, CSS, Images, and so on, back to the Browser. The information received from a server is used by the browser to render a web page with various visual elements, such as textboxes, buttons, labels, tables, forms, checkboxes, radio boxes, lists, images, and so on, on the page. While doing so, the browser hides the HTML code and related resources from the user. The user is presented with a graphical user interface in the browser window.
When we want to automate browser interaction using Selenium, we need to tell Selenium how to find a particular element or set of elements on a web page programmatically and simulate user actions on these elements. Selenium provides various selector or locator methods to find elements based on the attribute/value criteria or selector value that we supply in the script.
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