Chapter 8

 

1. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 185.

2. Amartya Sen, The Argumentative Indian, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2005, P. 290.

3. Mill, On Liberty and Other Essays, P. 6.

4. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 183.

5. Clayton, Richard and Huge Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2000, P. 23, n. 27.

6. Ibid., Vol. 2, P. 53.

7. Ibid., Vol. 2, PP. 81–3.

8. Austin, Granville, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation, Oxford University Press: Bombay, 1966, PP. 50–1.

9. However, later in Shanker Gauri V. Union of India, 1994, the Supreme Court held that shelter is not a fundamental right. See, Bakshi, The Constitution of India, P. 39.

10. Austin, The Indian Constitution, PP. 59–60.

11. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 186

12. Basu, Introduction to The Constitution of India, P. 79.

13. Austin, The Indian Constitution, P. 54.

14. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, PP. 19–20; also see, Heywood, Political Theory, PP. 185–7.

15. See, Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 19 and Chris Brown, ‘Human Rights’, in John Baylis and Steve Smith (eds), The Globalization of World and Politics, Oxford University Press: New Delhi, 2005, P. 690.

16. Braudel, A History of Civilizations, P. 316.

17. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 2, P. 53.

18. Ibid., Vol. 2, P. 81.

19. Bakshi, The Constitution of India, PP. 15–58.

20. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, PP. 25–6.

21. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 187.

22. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 23.

23. Sabine, A History of Political Theory, P. 621.

24. MacArthur, Brian (ed.), The Penguin Books of Historic Speeches, Penguin Books: London, 1995, P. 429.

25. MacArthur (ed), Historic Speeches, P. 216.

26. Austin, The Indian Constitution, PP. 55–6.

27. Jain, Political Theory, P. 309.

28. Vincent, Theories of the State, P. 105.

29. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 22.

30. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 70.

31. Nelson, Western Political Thought, P. 202.

32. Walton, ‘Justifying the Welfare State’, P. 121.

33. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 95.

34. MacArthur (ed.), Historic Speeches, P. 166.

35. Ibid.

36. Walton, ‘Justifying the Welfare State’, P.122.

37. Ibid., P.123.

38. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 23.

39. Walton, ‘Justifying the Welfare State’, in McLennan et al. (eds), P. 118.

40. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 22.

41. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 185.

42. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 36.

43. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 186.

44. Wayper, Political Thought, PP. 57–9’

45. Sabine, A History of Political Theory, P. 437.

46. Mukherjee and Ramaswamy, A History of Political Thought, P. 280.

47. Ibid., PP. 280–2.

48. Sabine, A History of Political Theory, P. 618.

49. Gauba, Political Theory, (fourth edition), P. 288.

50. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 96.

51. Jain, Political Theory, P. 319.

52. Gauba, Political Theory, (fourth edition), P. 288.

53. Ibid., P. 289

54. Mill, On Liberty, P. 6.

55. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 20.

56. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 187.

57. Will Durant, The Story of Philosophy, Pocket Publisher (a division of Simon and Schuster): New York, NY, 1991, P. 277.

58. Durant, The Story of Philosophy, P. 276.

59. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 150.

60. Gauba, Political Theory, (fourth edition), P. 293.

61. Jain, Political Theory, P. 325.

62. Gauba, Political Theory, (fourth edition), P. 289.

63. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 20.

64. Ibid., Vol. 1, P. 23.

65. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 187.

66. Jain, Political Theory, P. 183.

67. MacArthur (Ed), Historic Speeches, P. 163.

68. Nelson, Western Political Thought, P. 260.

69. Vincent, Theories of the State, P. 92.

70. Sabine, A History of Political Theory, P. 305.

71. Ibid.

72. Gauba, Political Theory, (fourth edition), P. 291.

73. Laski, H. J. A Grammar of Politics, George Allen and Unwin: London, 1951, P. 92.

74. Gauba, Political Theory, (fourth edition), P. 293.

75. Jain, Political Theory, P. 326.

76. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 23.

77. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 188.

78. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 20.

79. Ibid., Vol. 1, P. 22.

80. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 23

81. Brown, Chris, ‘Human Rights’, in John Baylis, Steve Smith and Patricia Owens (eds), The Globalisation of World Politics, Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2007, P. 690.

82. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 1, P. 24.

83. Chris Brown, ‘Human Rights’, PP. 690–1.

84. Ibid., P. 696.

85. Clayton and Tomlinson, The Law of Human Rights, Vol. 2, P. 150.

86. Chris Brown, ‘Human Rights’, P. 700.

87. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 215.

88. Heywood, Political Theory, PP. 102–3.

89. Burns, What is Marxism?, Peoples Publishing House: New Delhi, 1987, P. 10.

90. Marx, Karl, Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844, (EPM), Progress Publishers: Moscow, 1977, P. 72.

91. Jain, Political Theory, P. 333.

92. Heywood, Political Theory, P. 187.

93. Jain, Political Theory, PP. 337–8.

94. Austin, Granville, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation, Oxford University Press: Bombay, 1966, P. 50.