DIET
Exclusion diets
Exclusion diets
For people who suffer from a food allergy
or intolerance, often the only treatment
is to avoid the trigger food. Unfortunately,
if they aren’t careful, this can lead to
deficiencies in certain nutrients.
Allergies and intolerances
The body’s adverse immune response to proteins in certain
foods can lead to a variety of allergic symptoms, from
itching and rash, to nausea and anaphylactic shock. Food
allergies affect more than 1 in 20 children but are less
common in adults. In cases of food intolerance, symptoms
arise from deficiency of certain digestive enzymes (as is
the case with lactose intolerance), or the direct
action of chemicals within foods.
DAIRY NUTRIENTS
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES
Leafy green vegetables,
fortified milk alternatives
Beef liver, lamb, almonds
Red meat, whole grains
Sunlight, oily fish, fortified milk
alternatives, fortified cereals
Calcium
Zinc
Vitamin B2
Vitamin D
Although very
rare, mustard allergy
is thought to be more
common in countries where
mustard—including mustard
seeds—plays a large part in the
diet, such as France.
Lupin is a
legume in the same
family as peanuts, and like
peanuts, its allergens can
trigger anaphylaxis. Lupin flour
and seeds are sometimes used
in baking and pasta.
Mollusks
include scallops,
mussels, clams, oysters,
octopus, and squid. They
have only quite recently been
added to the EU list for
mandatory labeling of
allergens.
Milk from cows
(or other animals) is
one of the most common
allergic triggers, particularly
in children. It is distinct from
lactose intolerance, which is
nonallergic.
Dairy-free diet
Cutting out dairy means losing out on a valuable source of nutirents,
but it is fairly easy to swap cow’s milk products for alternatives made
with soy, rice, and nut milks. There are plenty of alternatives to
replace the calcium, zinc, and vitamins in dairy foods.
Soybeans are
widely used in
processed foods and in
Asian sauces. Allergy to
soybeans is quite common,
especially in young children,
but symptoms are
typically mild.
Egg is one of
the most common
food allergens, particularly
in young children. Fortunately,
most children grow out of egg
allergy by the time they reach
double digits.
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Tree nuts
include cashews, brazil
nuts, hazelnuts, walnuts,
and almonds, but not
peanuts, which are legumes.
People with tree nut allergies
are usually sensitive to
most tree nuts.
Trigger foods
Any preprepared food or drink sold in Europe must
clearly state on the label if it contains any of the ingredients
shown here (right). However, in other parts of the world,
different trigger foods are more common.
FOOD ALLERGIES
VARY REGIONALLY.
IN ASIA, RICE
ALLERGY IS ONE OF
THE MOST COMMON
US_210-211_Exclusion_diets.indd 210 18/01/2017 11:14
210
DIET
Exclusion diets
211
Diet dangers
There is a risk that exclusion diets
can lead to malnutrition, particularly in
children. If a child doesn’t receive the right
balance of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats,
as well as essential vitamins and minerals, their
growth and development may be affected, and they
are at risk of various illnesses. It is important that
the parents of children with allergies understand
how to replace any nutrients missing from
their child’s diet.
NUTRIENTS IN
GLUTEN-RICH FOODS
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES
Beans, fruit, vegetables, nuts
Meat, leafy green vegetables
Sunlight, oily fish, fortified
milk products
Red meat, dairy foods
Non-gluten-containing
whole grains such as brown
rice and quinoa
Dairy foods
Leafy green vegetables, beans
Leafy green vegetables, nuts,
and seeds
Fiber
Iron
B vitamins
Calcium
Vitamin D
Zinc
Folic acid
Magnesium
NORMAL STUNTED
AFFECTED CHILD
Stunted growth
Children with multiple food
allergies have been shown to
be shorter, on average, than
others their age, suggesting
diet-related growth problems.
Rickets
Cases of children developing
rickets (osteomalacia) through
inadequate calcium and
vitamin D intake because of
milk allergy have been seen.
deformed leg bones
Gluten-free diets
A wide range of gluten-free foods is available,
but a diet free of gluten can be short of nutrients.
There are many natural and unprocessed foods
that can help you to remedy any deficiencies in
fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Sulfites are
used as preservatives
in products such as pickled
and dried foods and alcoholic
drinks. Although uncommon,
intolerance can produce
asthmalike symptoms.
Exposure to
celeriac and celery can
trigger severe symptoms,
including anaphylactic shock.
It is most common in
European countries.
Sesame seeds
are also eaten in the
form of flour, oil, and
paste. Although relatively
uncommon, sesame allergy
is more common in people
allergic to other foods.
Thought to
result in the greatest
number of severe allergic
reactions, the allergy to crabs,
lobsters, and shrimp, usually
appears during adulthood.
Fish
including tuna,
salmon, and halibut,
can cause severe allergic
reactions in some people.
These should not be confused
with our reaction to histamine
released by Vibrio bacteria—
that is food poisoning.
Intolerance to
gluten, found in
wheat, rye, and barley, is
spreading around the world,
probably due to the
Westernization of diets, and
the replacement of rice with
wheat products.
One of the
most common food
allergies, peanut allergy
has been on the rise in
children in the last few years.
Exposure to even trace amounts
can cause potentially fatal
anaphylaxis.
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US_210-211_Exclusion_diets.indd 211 18/01/2017 11:14
210
DIET
Exclusion diets
211
Diet dangers
There is a risk that exclusion diets
can lead to malnutrition, particularly in
children. If a child doesn’t receive the right
balance of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats,
as well as essential vitamins and minerals, their
growth and development may be affected, and they
are at risk of various illnesses. It is important that
the parents of children with allergies understand
how to replace any nutrients missing from
their child’s diet.
NUTRIENTS IN
GLUTEN-RICH FOODS
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES
Beans, fruit, vegetables, nuts
Meat, leafy green vegetables
Sunlight, oily fish, fortified
milk products
Red meat, dairy foods
Non-gluten-containing
whole grains such as brown
rice and quinoa
Dairy foods
Leafy green vegetables, beans
Leafy green vegetables, nuts,
and seeds
Fiber
Iron
B vitamins
Calcium
Vitamin D
Zinc
Folic acid
Magnesium
NORMAL STUNTED
AFFECTED CHILD
Stunted growth
Children with multiple food
allergies have been shown to
be shorter, on average, than
others their age, suggesting
diet-related growth problems.
Rickets
Cases of children developing
rickets (osteomalacia) through
inadequate calcium and
vitamin D intake because of
milk allergy have been seen.
deformed leg bones
Gluten-free diets
A wide range of gluten-free foods is available,
but a diet free of gluten can be short of nutrients.
There are many natural and unprocessed foods
that can help you to remedy any deficiencies in
fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Sulfites are
used as preservatives
in products such as pickled
and dried foods and alcoholic
drinks. Although uncommon,
intolerance can produce
asthmalike symptoms.
Exposure to
celeriac and celery can
trigger severe symptoms,
including anaphylactic shock.
It is most common in
European countries.
Sesame seeds
are also eaten in the
form of flour, oil, and
paste. Although relatively
uncommon, sesame allergy
is more common in people
allergic to other foods.
Thought to
result in the greatest
number of severe allergic
reactions, the allergy to crabs,
lobsters, and shrimp, usually
appears during adulthood.
Fish
including tuna,
salmon, and halibut,
can cause severe allergic
reactions in some people.
These should not be confused
with our reaction to histamine
released by Vibrio bacteria—
that is food poisoning.
Intolerance to
gluten, found in
wheat, rye, and barley, is
spreading around the world,
probably due to the
Westernization of diets, and
the replacement of rice with
wheat products.
One of the
most common food
allergies, peanut allergy
has been on the rise in
children in the last few years.
Exposure to even trace amounts
can cause potentially fatal
anaphylaxis.
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