Index
A
ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer), 3
abstraction
ACCA (Asia Cloud Computing Association), 237
accounting, 143
accounting and billing process
architecture, 153
billing considerations, 146–147
cloud federation, 142
IaaS billing resources, 147–148
Intercloud federation model, 154–156
intracloud and Intercloud communication, 156–157
billing functional architecture, 158–163
PaaS billing resources, 149–150
revenue-sharing considerations, 150–153
SaaS billing resources, 150
user experience analytics, 165–166
ACI automation, 122
American National Standards Institute, Telecom (ANSI T1M1), 236
Analytical Engine, 2
aPaaS (application platform as a service), 43
APIs in Cisco CSA, 107
application deployment, e-commerce application use case, 229–230
application platform as a service (aPaaS), 43
application server management, e-commerce application use case, 231
applications/portal layer (CSA), 106–107, 184
architecture
for accounting and billing, 153, 158–163
Cisco CSA. See Cisco Customer Solution Architecture (CSA)
cloud services and products, 31–40
identity architecture, 192–197
network products, 32
OpenStack physical infrastructure, 30–31
security, 33
security architecture, 188–191
Cisco Intercloud Fabric, 224–225
cloud OS system architecture, 204–206
e-commerce application use case, 226–227
IT service management, 70
agility in, 71
OpenStack, 71
orchestration, 72
Web-scale IT versus enterprise IT, 70
for service assurance, 131, 138–139
fulfillment, 133
standards-based architectures
ARPANET, 4
Asia Cloud Computing Association (ACCA), 237
assets
monitoring, 186
resiliency, 186
visibility, 185
Atanasoff, John Vincent, 3
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC), 3
attacks
goals of, 174
resource-based attacks, 175–176
vectors, 177
authentication
in identity architecture, 192–197
B
Babbage, Charles, 2
back-office support systems (BSS), 48–49, 210
Berry, Cliff, 3
BI (business intelligence). See business intelligence (BI)
big data analytics use case, 231–232
billing, 144. See also accounting and billing process
customer and provider responsibilities, 146–147
functional architecture, 158–163
IaaS billing resources, 147–148
PaaS billing resources, 149–150
physical versus virtual models, 160
SaaS billing resources, 150
user experience analytics, 165–166
BSS (back-office support systems), 48–49, 210
Build stage (Cisco Services), 65
business
billing user experience, 165–166
C
capacity planning for private clouds, 222
CCIF (Cloud Computing Interoperability Forum), 236
Chambers, John, 58
charging, 143
Cinder, 113
Cisco Customer Solution Architecture (CSA), 102–103
APIs in, 107
applications/portal layer, 106–107
OpenStack with, 118
physical infrastructure layer, 105
service management and automation layer, 106, 130–131
services layer, 105
use cases
Managed Threat Defense (MTD), 109–110
services from multiple cloud providers, 107–108
virtual infrastructure layer, 105
Cisco Data Center Assessment for Cloud Consumption, 80
Cisco Intercloud
cloud services and products, 31–40
network products, 32
OpenStack physical infrastructure, 30–31
security, 33
components, 28
security
identity architecture, 192–197
security architecture, 188–191
Cisco Intercloud Fabric
benefits of, 224
use cases
enterprise-managed hybrid cloud, 88–89
service-provider-managed hybrid cloud, 90–91
Cisco Services lifecycle
tasks in, 66
classification of assets, 185–186
clearing, 144
client/server computing, 6
cloud computing. See also Intercloud
development methodology, 26–27
LEGO comparison example, 25–26
customer adoption challenges, 172–173
definition, 68
hybrid clouds. See hybrid clouds
IT services. See IT service management
private clouds. See private clouds
standards organizations, 235–237
standards-based architectures
traditional pricing model, 150–151
use cases
enterprise-managed hybrid cloud, 88–89
IT outsourcing, 7
service-provider-managed hybrid cloud, 90–91
services from multiple cloud providers, 97–99
Cloud Computing Interoperability Forum (CCIF), 236
accounting and billing, 142
cloud management frameworks (CMFs), 141–142
definition, 2
cloud management frameworks (CMFs), 141–142
cloud operating system (OS), 199
abstraction layer model, 206–207
Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), 236
Cloud Standards Coordination (CSC), 237
cloud-focused security, 178
asset monitoring, 186
asset policy enforcement, 186–187
asset resiliency, 186
asset visibility, 185
network locations, 188
operational security, 187
threat intelligence, 187
CMFs (cloud management frameworks), 141–142
Colossus computer, 3
communication, intracloud and Intercloud, 156–157
billing functional architecture, 158–163
compartmentalization in cloud computing, 8
compliance, risk assessment, 182
computing, history of
consolidation in cloud adoption journey, 75
constraints in application policies, 39–40
Continual Service Improvement phase (ITIL), 65
CSA (Cisco Customer Solution Architecture). See Cisco Customer Solution Architecture (CSA)
CSA (Cloud Security Alliance), 236
CSC (Cloud Standards Coordination), 237
curated catalogs, 132
D
DARPA, 3
Darwin, Charles, 57
data center, physical infrastructure in Intercloud architecture, 30–31
data management
standards for, 99
database as a service use case, 35–37
delivery horizons for services, 11–12
delivery model, services in, 145–146
dependencies in application policies, 39
design requirements, e-commerce application use case, 227–228
development methodology, transformation of, 26–27
devices
attacks on, 175
risk assessment, 181
Difference Engine, 2
distributed computing, 7
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF), 236
E
Eckert, J. Presper, 3
Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC), 3
e-commerce application use case, 226–231
Electronic Controls Company, 3
encryption, 179
ENIAC, 3
enrollment, 180
enterprise IT versus Web-scale IT, 70
enterprise-managed hybrid cloud use case, 88–89
enterprise private clouds, 217
European Technical Standards Institute (ETSI), 237
exchanges (Intercloud), 101
F
federation. See cloud federation
Flowers, Tommy, 3
fulfillment, 133
G
gateways (Intercloud), 101–102
Glance, 113
H
hardware abstraction, 207
hardware requirements, BSS, 49
Heat, 114
history
of computing
of OSs (operating systems), 200
Horizon, 111
horizons for service delivery, 11–12
hosts, attacks on, 175
in cloud adoption journey, 75
enterprise-managed hybrid cloud use case, 88–89
selecting cloud vendor, 223
service-provider-managed hybrid cloud use case, 90–91
use cases
e-commerce application, 226–231
hypervisors
provisioning with OpenStack, 115–116
I
IaaS (infrastructure as a service). See infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
identity architecture, 192–197, 210–211
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), 99–102
IEEE-SA (IEEE Standards Association), 235
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), 235
infrastructure abstraction, 207
infrastructure as a service (IaaS), 20, 69
development methodology, 26–27
LEGO comparison example, 25–26
provisioning with OpenStack, 110
best practices, 118
conceptual architecture, 110–114
hypervisor provisioning, 115–116
integrated platform as a service (iPaaS), 42–43
Intel 4004, 4
Intercloud. See also cloud computing
accounting and billing
architecture, 153
billing considerations, 146–147
billing functional architecture, 158–163
IaaS billing resources, 147–148
intracloud and Intercloud communication, 156–157
PaaS billing resources, 149–150
revenue-sharing considerations, 150–153
SaaS billing resources, 150
user experience analytics, 165–166
Cisco’s role in, 24, 84–86. See also Cisco Customer Solution Architecture (CSA)
in cloud adoption journey, 75
cloud OS. See cloud operating system (OS)
goals, 24
PrivateLink, 32
security, 33
attack vectors, 177
attacker goals, 174
cloud-focused programs, 178–188
customer adoption challenges, 173
resource-based attacks, 175–176
service assurance architecture, 131, 138–139
fulfillment, 133
service assurance strategy, 128
service management and automation, 130–131
use cases, 35
PaaS, 44
Intercloud hybrid clouds. See hybrid clouds
interface model in cloud OS, 207–212
International Telecommunication Union-Telecom Sector (ITU-T), 93–99, 236
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 235
Internet in history of computing, 3–5
intracloud and Intercloud communication, 156–157
billing functional architecture, 158–163
invoicing. See billing
iPaaS (integrated platform as a service), 42–43
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC38, 235
IT foundation, 69
IT outsourcing, 7
architecture, 70
agility in, 71
OpenStack, 71
orchestration, 72
Web-scale IT versus enterprise IT, 70
challenges, 74
IT and business alignment, 62–63
ITIL and software management alignment, 63
Cisco Services lifecycle, 64–65
Cisco Services tasks, 66
business transformation, 57–58
technology transformation, 59–62
ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library), alignment with software management, 63
Cisco Services lifecycle, 64–65
Cisco Services tasks, 66
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union-Telecom Sector), 93–99, 236
K
key management, 180
key performance indicators (KPIs), 165–166
Keystone, 113
L
legacy systems, moving to private clouds, 215
LEGO comparison example, 25–26
Licklider, J.C.R., 3
M
maintenance abstraction, 207
Manage stage (Cisco Services), 65
managed private clouds, 214
Managed Threat Defense (MTD) use case, 109–110
Mauchly, John, 3
mediation, 143
message integrity and authentication, 180
microprocessors in history of computing, 4
microservices in history of cloud computing, 6
monitoring
assets, 186
moving legacy systems to private clouds, 215
MTD (Managed Threat Defense) use case, 109–110
multicloud management, 211–212
N
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 92–93, 236
network design, e-commerce application use case, 228–229
network functions virtualization (NFV), 33–34
network locations, security, 188
networks
as cloud computing platform, 18–19
PrivateLink, 32
Neutron, 112
NFV (network functions virtualization), 33–34
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), 92–93, 236
Nova, 112
O
OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards), 237
Open Cloud Consortium (OCC), 236
Open Cloud Manifesto (OCM), 236
Open Computing Alliance (OCA), 237
Open Data Center Alliance (ODCA), 237
Open Grid Forum (OGF), 237
The Open Group (TOG), 237
Ceilometer, 45
Cisco commitment to, 71
with Cisco CSA, 118
for enterprise private clouds, 217
IaaS provisioning, 110
best practices, 118
conceptual architecture, 110–114
hypervisor provisioning, 115–116
Intercloud federation use case, 155–156
use cases
automation for Cisco UCS, 120–121
automation of ACI, 122
cloud OS. See cloud operating system (OS)
definition, 199
history of, 200
operational security, 187
operational support for private clouds, 220–221
operational support systems (OSS)
Ceilometer, 45
Intercloud monitoring, 47
orchestration
in service management and automation, 130–131
for Web-scale IT, 72
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), 237
OS (operating system). See operating system (OS)
OSS (operational support systems). See operational support systems (OSS)
P
PaaS (platform as a service). See platform as a service (PaaS)
peer authentication
in identity architecture, 192–197
peer-to-peer computing, 6
physical billing model, virtual billing model versus, 160
physical infrastructure
in Cisco CSA, 105
in Intercloud architecture, 30–31
Plan stage (Cisco Services), 64
platform as a service (PaaS), 20, 40–44, 69
aPaaS, 43
use cases, 44
policy enforcement for assets, 186–187
privacy, risk assessment, 181
benefits of, 215
Cisco’s role in, 216
capacity planning, 222
enterprise private clouds, 217
in cloud adoption journey, 75
moving legacy systems to, 215
selecting cloud vendor, 216
PrivateLink, 32
public switched telephone network, cloud computing comparison, 18–19
R
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) OpenStack Platform
ACI automation, 122
resiliency of assets, 186
resource abstraction and control, 183
resource-based attacks, 175–176
revenue-sharing considerations, 150–153
revocation, 180
Roberts, Dan, 58
Roberts, Lawrence G., 3
root (Intercloud), 100
S
SaaS (software as a service), 20, 69, 150
SAN (storage area network), 14–15
SDN (software-defined network), 17, 71–72
security, 33
attack vectors, 177
attacker goals, 174
Cisco Intercloud
identity architecture, 192–197
security architecture, 188–191
cloud-focused programs, 178
customer adoption challenges
Intercloud, 173
Managed Threat Defense (MTD) use case, 109–110
resource-based attacks, 175–176
selecting cloud vendors
for hybrid clouds, 223
for private clouds, 216
sensitivities in application intent, 38–39
service assurance
fulfillment, 133
strategy, 128
service management and automation, 130–131
Service Design phase (ITIL), 64
service management and automation layer (CSA), 106, 130–131, 184
service models for cloud computing, 19–20, 69
Service Operation phase (ITIL), 65
Service Optimization phase (ITIL), 65
Service Strategy phase (ITIL), 64
Service Transition phase (ITIL), 65
service-oriented architecture (SOA), 8–11
compartmentalization, 8
definition, 8
services, 9
SPI model, 10
web services, 10
service-provider-managed hybrid cloud use case, 90–91
services
in cloud computing, 9
Intercloud delivery model, 145–146
managing. See IT service management
web services, 10
services catalogs, 75–76, 131–133
services layer (CSA), 105
SNIA (Storage Networking Industry Association), 236
SOA. See service-oriented architecture (SOA)
software as a service (SaaS), 20, 69, 150
software management, alignment with ITIL, 63
Cisco Services lifecycle, 64–65
Cisco Services tasks, 66
software requirements, BSS, 49
software upgrades for private clouds, 221–222
software-defined network (SDN), 17, 71–72
SPI model (software over platform over infrastructure as a service), 10
standards organizations, 235–237
standards-based architectures
storage area network (SAN), 14–15
Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA), 236
storage security, 176
support model for private clouds
capacity planning, 222
Sutherland, Ivan, 3
Swift, 112
system architecture, cloud OS, 204–206
T
Taylor, Bob, 3
technology business management (TBM), 56–57
business transformation, 57–58
technology transformation, 59–62
TeleManagement Forum (TMF), 236
telephone network, cloud computing comparison, 18–19
threat intelligence, 187
TMF (TeleManagement Forum), 236
TOG (The Open Group), 237
trust model
cloud-focused security, 178–180
U
UNIVAC, 3
use cases
in Cisco CSA
Managed Threat Defense (MTD), 109–110
services from multiple cloud providers, 107–108
for cloud computing
enterprise-managed hybrid cloud, 88–89
IT outsourcing, 7
service-provider-managed hybrid cloud, 90–91
services from multiple cloud providers, 97–99
hybrid clouds
e-commerce application, 226–231
Intercloud business models, 35
in OpenStack
automation for Cisco UCS, 120–121
automation of ACI, 122
PaaS, 44
user experience analytics, 165–166
V
vendors, selecting
for hybrid clouds, 223
for private clouds, 216
virtual billing model versus physical billing model, 160
virtual infrastructure layer (CSA), 105
virtual machine (VM)
migrating to cloud, 230
templates, 230
virtualization
in cloud adoption journey, 75
visibility of assets, 185
W
web services, 10
Web-scale IT versus enterprise IT, 70
workstations, 4
X
Xerox Alto, 4
Z
Z1 computer, 3
Zuse, Konrad, 3