Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate a figure on the designated page.

• ABN AMRO, 97, 107
• abolition movements, 254
• American dream, fading of, 63–66
• American International Group (AIG), misstating of accounts, 135
• Apple Inc., tax-avoidance strategy, 123–125
• arms/weapons trade, Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), 167–168
• auditors, 133–139
• Austria, 73, 76, 97
• authoritarianism, 83–86, 152, 206, 209, 248, 252

• Bair, Sheila, 183
• Bank Hapoalim, 107–108
• Bank of America, 35, 92, 93, 94, 212
• banks/banking sector, 20–21, 35, 44–45, 79, 89–109, 181–182, 214, 222
• Banks Secrecy Act (1970) (U.S.), 90
• Bartels, Larry, 81
• Belton, Catherine, 145
• “Bermuda black hole” scheme, 16
• Biden, Joe, 22, 216, 217
• Blatter, Joseph “Sepp,” 126
• Bloomberg Economics, 31, 143–144
• BNP Paribas scandal, 97
• Borisovich, Roman, 144
• Bourguignon, François, 53
• Brazil, 126, 138–139
• Bretton Woods agreement, 250–251
• bribery, participating countries, 100, 104, 112, 153–154, 200
• British Virgin Islands, 11–13
• broad money, 27–34
• Brookings Institution (Washington, D.C.), 52, 66, 77, 78f, 100, 190, 241
• Brown, Gordon, 146
• Buffet, Warren, 33
• Bullough, Oliver, 143, 175

• Canada, 39, 76f, 165, 176
• “Capital Allowances for Intangible Assets” (CAIA) scheme, 17–18
• capitalism: contributions to economic divisions, 52
  • fundamental forces of, 25
  • growing conflict with/undermining of democracy, 3–7, 72, 82, 84, 140, 152, 208
  • growth of secrecy motivation, 5
  • impact on income inequality, 55
  • law enforcement’s failure to curtail, 209
  • modern-day motivations for, 206
  • need for repurposing of, 73
  • rogue capitalism, 7, 26
  • role in invisibly sheltering wealth, 1, 2. See also democratic-capitalist system; financial secrecy system
• Capitalism’s Achilles Heel (Baker), 2–3
• Capital without Borders: Wealth Management and the One Percent (Harrington), 43
• Caplan, Gordon, 131–133
• Carney, Mark, 234
• Cayman Islands, 11–13, 157
• “cell” companies, 13, 223–224
• Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.), 45, 200
• Chang, Manuel, 104–105
• Chavez, Hugo, 156–158
• Chetty, Raj, 63
• China, 11, 20, 24, 39, 44, 47, 53, 57–58, 57f, 147–152, 197
• Chinese Communist Judicial Prosecution Committee, 174
• CICIG. See United Nations (UN) Comission Internacional contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (CICIG), anti-impunity body
• Citibank, 49, 91, 180, 184
• Citigroup, 93–94
• Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) (U.S.), 177–179, 245
• Ciudad del Este, free trade zones/special economic zones, 20
• civil liberties, 6, 75
• climate change, 1, 3, 7, 192, 242, 251–252
• Cline, William, 190–191
• Collin, Matthew, 241
• Commodity Futures Modernization Act (2000), 180
• Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) (U.S.), 95, 184
• Commonwealth Bank of Australia, 107
• Communications Act (1934) (U.S.), 176
• Congressional Budget Office (U.S.), 52, 239
• Congressional Research Service, 76, 100
• Consumer Protection Act (2010) (U.S.), 93, 184
• Control of Corruption Index (World Bank), 37
• Cooper, Ryan, 79
• Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, 211–212, 214
• corporations, 12–13, 109–127. See also multinational corporations
• corruption, 1, 37–43, 68, 72, 110–113, 163–164
• Corruption Perception Index (Transparency International), 37
• Corzine, John, 135–136
• counterfeiting, 44, 167, 209, 230
• COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic, 28, 117–118, 151, 211–212, 214–216, 242–244
• Credit Suisse, 92, 93, 97
  • Mozambique, financial corruption, 103–106, 126, 127, 158
• Credit Suisse/Mozambique, financial corruption, 103–106
• crime, 43–49;
  • counterfeiting, 44, 167, 209, 230
  • human trafficking, 1, 21, 28–29, 44, 45, 207, 209
  • illegal logging, 44, 46, 164–165, 209
  • organ trade, 47
  • plundering of resources, 48–49;
  • promotion of by financial secrecy, 6
  • unregulated fishing, 46–47;
  • wildlife poaching/trafficking, 1, 44, 47, 164–165
• cryptocurrencies, 34–36, 230–231
• Cum-Ex scam, 96–97
• Currency Transaction Reports (CTR), 90, 170

• Danske Bank, 106
• dark money, 178, 245
• Deaton, Angus, 56
• Deloitte, 41, 102–103, 133f, 134–138
• Delta Land and Investment Co., Ltd. v. Todd, 10–11
• democracy: conflict with capitalism, 3–7, 4, 5–7, 72, 82, 84, 140, 152, 205–206;
  • Freedom House measures of, 73, 74f, 75f; global decline of, 7, 73–78;
  • strategies for survival of, 219–220
• democratic-capitalist system, 1–7, 81–86, 205–210, 206, 252
  • role of corporations in restoring integrity, 223–232;
  • role of economic equality in restoring integrity, 242–244;
  • role of financial institutions in restoring integrity, 232–234, 232–235
  • role of international institutions in restoring integrity, 247–251
  • role of taxes in restoring integrity, 237–242
  • role of the U.S. in restoring integrity, 244–247
  • traits of character required for renewal of, 254–256
• democratic socialism, 83–85, 152
• Denmark, 73, 76, 97
• derivatives, 21, 33–36, 102, 180–181, 182, 214, 233
• Deutsche Bank, 42, 46, 92–96, 101, 103, 106
• Diamond, Larry (“Mr. Democracy”), 81
• dirty money, 2, 39, 48–51, 89, 90, 108, 170, 221–222, 227, 233, 234
• disguised corporations, 12–13, 58, 169, 223–224
• Disney, 41
• DLA Piper, 131
• Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform, 93, 95, 184
• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) (U.S.), 45, 121, 170–172
• drugs/drug trafficking: in Guatemala, 153–155;
  • in Iran, 167
  • in Myanmar, 164–165
  • in the United States, 50, 171
  • in Venezuela, 156
• Dworkin, Ronald, 81

• East Asia, declining poverty levels, 53
• EB-5 employment creation visa program, 173–174, 246
• Economic Policy Institute (EPI) (Washington, D.C.), 61, 65
• Economist Intelligence Unit, 76
• employment: abuses related to, 14
  • impact of COVID-19 pandemic, 28
  • issuance of employment visas to foreigners, 173–174
  • post–World War II data, 5
  • unemployment and underemployment, 32–33, 212, 213f
• England, 38, 136, 157, 254
• Enron, bankruptcy, 134
• Eskon, 161
• EY, 41, 102, 133f, 134, 136–138

• Falcone, Joseph, 179
• False Claims Act (U.S.), 176
• FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 39–40, 126, 131–132
• Federal Reserve Board, 30f, 52, 67f, 239
  • impact of repeal of Glass-Steagall Act, 180–181
  • protection of derivatives, 214
  • requirement of bank stress tests, 222
  • response to COVID-19 pandemic, 213–214
• Federal Trade Commission, 122
• FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), money laundering, 126–127
• Fight Inequality, 71
• Financial Action Task Force (FATF), anti-money laundering watchdogs, 20, 90, 196, 250
• Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), 40, 42, 90, 172, 233
• Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (U.S.), 181–182, 182f
• Financial Secrecy Index, 12
• financial secrecy system, 9–27;
  • anonymous trust accounts, 13
  • black holes, sandwiches, malts, 16–18
  • China, hawala system/flying money (fei chien), 24
  • development/components of, 21–26, 23f
  • disguised corporations, 12–13
  • enablers of, 128–139
  • fake foundations, falsified trades, 14
  • goal of, 9–10
  • government complicity, 140–191
  • impact on income inequality, 6, 58–66, 72
  • strategies and methods, 19–20, 209–210, 221–252
  • tax havens/secrecy jurisdictions, 10–12
  • trade misinvoicing, 18–19, 58
• Financial Services Modernization Act (1999) (U.S.), 180
• Financial Stability Oversight Council (U.S.), 185
• First Indochina War, 11
• Florida, servicing of corrupt, criminal money, 39–40
• food banks, 28, 212
• Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) (U.S.), 222, 234
• Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) (U.S.), 38, 117
• forex, manipulation of foreign currency rates, 94–95
• Fragile States Index (Fund for Peace), 77
• France, 73, 76, 91, 97, 254
• Freedom House, measures of global democracy, 73, 74f, 75f, 76f
• “Freedom in the World” measures (Freedom House), 73

• Gale, William, 66, 189–190, 190
• Gelles, David, 189
• gender discrimination, 1
• Germany, 38–39, 57f, 73, 76, 91, 97, 126
• Giuliani, Rudy, 112, 168
• Glass-Steagall Act (U.S.), repeal of, 180–183
• Glencore, illicit business dealings, 112–114
• Global Financial Integrity, 40
• global pandemic. See COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic
• Global Wage Report 2018/19, 64
• Global Wealth Report 2021 (Credit Suisse), 68
• Global Witness (NGO), 128
• gold, 31, 34
• golden visas, 148, 170, 173–175, 246
• Goldman Sachs, 92
  • 1MDB scandal, 94–95, 100–103
• Gorbachev, Mikhail, 142
• Gorman, Amanda, 217–218
• Grassley, Senator Charles (Chuck), 49, 51
• Great Recession (2007–2008), 213–214, 230, 232, 246
  • description, 79, 92–93, 183–185
  • impact of Glass-Steagall repeal, 180
  • impact on incomes, 243
  • impact on regulatory oversight, 183
  • impact on student debt, 243
  • impact on wages, 66
  • shadow banking system and, 181–182
  • subprime mortgage crisis and, 92
• Green, Pincus, 112–114
• Greenberg Traurig, 131
• Guatemala, 116, 153–158
• Gurria, José Ángel, 196
• Guterres, António, 218–219
• Guzmán, Joaquín Archivaldo (“El Chapo”), 172

• Hargreaves, Deborah, 62
• Harrington, Brook, 43
• Harris, Kamala, 22, 216, 217
• Henry, James, 68–69, 196
• Heraclitus, 253
• Hong Kong, tax haven services, 11
• Hudson Institute, 145, 152
• Human Development Index (UNDP), 73
• human trafficking, 1, 21, 28–29, 44, 45, 164, 207, 209
• Husserl, Edmund, 256

• IDEA’s Global State of Democracy report, 85–86
• Identity Crisis: The 2016 Presidential Campaign and the Battle for the Meaning of America (Sides, Tesler, Vavreck), 78–79
• identity politics, 78–80
• illegal logging, 44, 46, 164–165, 209
• illiberalism, 81–83, 85, 152
• illicit financial flows (IFFs): countries committed to dealing with, 2, 192–193;
  • global conference on, 197
  • global estimates of, 28–29
  • role of the IMF in dealing with, 195–196, 198
  • role of the WCO in dealing with, 197–198
  • role of the World Bank in dealing with, 193–195, 198
  • role of the WTO in dealing with, 197
  • UN’s embrace of dealing with, 192
• Illicit Financial Flows via Trade Misinvoicing (IFFs/TM), 197–198
• Immigration Act (1990) (U.S.), 173
• income inequality, 7, 52–58, 56f, 63–66, 73–75;
  • impact of COVID-19 pandemic, 211–212
  • impact of financial deregulation on, 55
  • impact of population growth, capitalism on, 55, 55f
  • impact of technology on, 55
  • impact of wealthy countries, 60–62
  • impact on democracy, 1
  • impact on financial secrecy, 6
  • Krugman’s comment on, 71
  • trade misinvoicing and, 18–19, 58, 59f
  • World Inequality Index data, 56, 57f. See also wealth inequality
• India, 31, 44, 57–58, 57f
• ING, 97, 107
• Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 175, 179–180
• International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, 41
• International Monetary Fund (IMF): estimates on global corruption, 37–38;
  • estimates on money laundering, 90
  • role in dealing with illicit financial flows, 195–196, 198
• International Republican Institute, 152
• Iran/Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), 166–169
• Ireland, 12, 13, 123
• Italy, increasing inequalities, falling freedoms in, 73, 76

• January 6, 2021, attempted coup, U.S., 3, 216–217
• Japan, 57f, 76f, 93, 184
• Jennings, Andrew, 126, 127
• Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) (U.S.-Iran), 169
• JPMorgan Chase, 42, 49, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 103, 111

• Keynes, John Maynard, 34
• Kierkegaard, Søren, 211
• King, Martin Luther, Jr., 244
• KPMG, 41, 103, 133f, 136–138, 161
• Krugman, Paul, 22, 71
• Kumar, Lakshmi, 40

• lawyers: leaking of documents, 41
  • Malaysia, Goldman Sachs, 1MDB scandal, 100–103, 130–131
  • money laundering and, 40
  • opacity of pooled accounts of, 20
  • questioning of Apple’s lawyers, 123
  • role in enabling financial secrecy, 4, 10, 22, 128–133
  • role in manipulation of tax laws, 12, 19, 96
  • “Varsity Blues” college admission scam, 131–132
• Lazarus, Emma, 174
• Lehman Brothers, 92, 134, 136, 183
• Leissner, Timothy, 100–102. See also Goldman Sachs, 1MDB scandal
• Le Monde, 41
• LIBOR, London interbank offered rate, 93
• Liechtenstein, fake foundation in, 14
• liquid assets, 27–28
• “London Whale” scandal, 95
• Low, Jho, 101–102. See also Goldman Sachs, 1MDB scandal
• Luxembourg, tax haven services, 11

• Maduro, Nicholas, 156–159
• Malaysia, 100–103, 130–131, 138–139
• Malta, tax haven services, 11
• Mandela, Nelson, 48, 159–160, 218
• Marx, Karl, 211
• Mauritius, tax haven services, 11
• McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission (2014) (U.S.), 178
• Mexico, cigarette counterfeiting, 44
• MF Global, 135
• Mikuriya, Kunio, 197
• Minerals Management Service (MMS), 185–186
• Moneyland (Bullough), 175
• money laundering, 20–21;
  • anti-money laundering (AML) laws, efforts, 18, 20, 49, 89–90
  • by banks, 89
  • by bearer share companies, 13
  • in Canada, 39
  • in China, 148
  • by Citibank and Riggs National Bank, 91
  • of cryptocurrencies, 34
  • drugs/drug trafficking and, 171
  • failures at halting, 25
  • fights against, 1
  • in Germany, 38–39
  • global anti-laundering efforts, 91
  • in Guatemala, 153–155, 158
  • by halawa dealers, 24
  • by HSBC, 91–92
  • illicit drug trade and, 20–21
  • IMF global data, 90
  • by the IRGC of Iraq, 168
  • by multinational corporations, 87
  • by Odebrecht/Operação Lava Jato, 114–118
  • in real estate, 38–40
  • terrorism and, 49–50
  • in Turkey, 85
  • in the U.S., 39–40, 85
• multinational corporations: booking of profits through tax havens, 29–30;
  • impact of financial secrecy on, 2
  • manipulations of taxes by, 18–19
  • post–World War II growth of, 9
  • trade misinvoicing by, 14–15
  • use of falsified trades, 15
• Myanmar, 162–166;
  • amassing of wealth for military personnel, 163, 164
  • drug trafficking in, 164–165
  • The Gambia’s complaint against, 165
  • gem trade/jade exports-related corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, 163–164
  • genocide against the Muslim Rohingyas, 165
  • human/wildlife trafficking, 164
  • illegal logging in, 164
  • military/Tatmadaw “leadership of the state,” 162–163, 165–166
  • Yadana Gas Project, 163

• narrow money: defined/types of, 27
  • global savings glut and, 32
  • inclusion as broad money, 28
• National Bureau of Economic Research, 143, 180
• NatWest, 106
• Ndikumana, Léonce, 60
• neoliberalism, 82–83, 206
• Netherlands, 12, 38, 91
• New Jersey, fake mutual funds scheme, 157
• New York, real estate-related corruption, 40
• New York Times, 71
• Nigeria/Shell Oil, bribery and corruption, 110–112
• Nixon, Richard, 141
• nonfungible tokens (NFTs), 35
• Norway, global share of income, 57f
• Novak, Michael, 254

• Obama, Barack, 169, 218
• Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 213
• Odebrecht/Operação Lava Jato (Operation Car Wash), 116–117
• OECD. See Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development
• Office of Foreign Assets Control (U.S. Treasury Department), 97
• Offshore Leaks Database (ICIJ), 43
• 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1IMDB), 100–1003, 130–131. See also Goldman Sachs, 1MDB scandal
• On Nature (Heraclitus), 253
• Orbán, Viktor, 85
• Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 68–69, 90, 195, 249

• Packer, George, 212
• Page, Benjamin, 81
• Panama, 11, 12, 14, 20
• Panama Papers (ICIJ), 42, 68
• Panel on International Financial Accountability, Transparency, and Integrity, 193
• Paradise Papers (ICIJ), 42
• Pearlstein, Steven, 178
• Pearse, Andrew, 104–105
• Pelosi, Nancy, 216
• Pence, Mike, 216
• Pew Research Center, 77, 85
• Philippines, cigarette counterfeiting, 44
• Piketty, Thomas, 60–61, 67
• Pogge, Thomas, 54
• Pope Francis, 81, 234
• populism/populists, 81–83, 156
• poverty, 52–54;
  • in Brazil, 117
  • deaths due to, 54, 54f
  • global decline of, 52–53
  • impact of COVID-19 pandemic, 215
  • impact of financial secrecy on, 58, 200
  • in Mozambique, 106
  • multidimensional definitions of, 53
  • in Nigeria, 112, 197
  • organizational fights against, 1
  • in Venezuela, 59, 159
  • World Bank report (2018) findings, 53
• PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC), 41, 102, 133f, 135–138
• Privinvest Group, 103–105
• Puddington, Arch, 83–84
• Puerto Rico, fake mutual funds scheme, 157
• Putin, Vladimir: accusation of kleptocracy against, 145
  • Belton’s comment on, 145
  • Hudson Institute’s accusation of kleptocracy against, 145
  • launch of attack on Ukraine, 141, 145–147, 159, 201
  • rise to power/robbery of Russian assets, 141–147
  • robbery of assets within Russia, 141
• Putin’s People (Belton), 145

• Qualified Intermediary (QI) Program, 175

• Rabobank, 93, 107
• Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 96
• Rand Corporation, 65
• ransomware attacks, 34, 48
• real estate corruption, 38–41
• Reeves, Rachel, 137–138
• Reich, Robert, 182–183
• Rice, Susan, 218
• Rich, Marc, 112–114
• Rivlin, Alice, 52
• Rosenstein, Rod, 121–122
• Rossett, Claudia, 152
• Rubin, Robert, 175, 180
• Russia, 141–147;
  • abdication of wealthy oligarchs from, 142–143
  • authoritarianism in, 144
  • Borisovich’s comment on plundering, 144
  • description of methods of robbery, 143
  • fictitious trade pricing practices, 143
  • illegal logging in, 46
  • illicit banking practices, 106–107
  • impact of war with Ukraine, 145
  • income comparison with ex-communist neighbors, 144
  • plundering of resources, 48
  • Putin’s rise to power/robbery of assets, 141–145
  • U.S. launch of REPO Task Force/KleptoCapture, 146. See also Putin, Vladimir
• Russian Elites, Proxies and Oligarchs (REPO) Task Force (U.S. Treasury Department), 146

• Saez, Emmanuel, 66
• Samuelson, Robert, 218
• Sarbanes-Oxley legislation (2002), 133–134, 222
• Sartre, Jean-Paul, 60
• Saul, Stephanie, 40
• Scandinavian countries, 68, 83, 254
• Seawright, Jason, 81
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): claims against Glencore, 113
  • claims against Odebrecht, 117
  • self-funding by, 246
  • warnings to Bear Stearns, 134
• “segregated portfolio” companies, 13
• September 11, 2001 attack, 49, 77, 90
• shadow banking/financial system, 181–182, 182f, 199, 214
• Shearman & Sterling, 130–131
• “shelf” companies, 13, 223–224
• Shell Oil/Nigeria, bribery and corruption, 110–112
• Sikka, Prem, 136, 138
• Sinaloa (drug) Cartel, 148, 171–172
• Singapore, tax haven services, 11
• “Single Malt” scheme, 17
• slavery, 26, 45, 243, 254
• Sloan, Timothy, 99
• Smith, Adam, 23
• Social Security, 239–240
• South Africa: audit failings in, 138
  • bribery and corruption in, 113
  • failure of auditors in, 138–139
  • global share of income, 57f
  • government-imposed sanctions against, 159
  • Gupta brothers’ companies illicit dealings, 160–162
  • Mandela’s positive guidance of, 159–160
  • state capture of, 159–162
  • Zuma’s state capture of, 160–162
• Spain, 39, 73, 76, 97
• S&P Global Ratings, 104
• spoofing/misleading about price movements, 95–96
• St. Kitts, West Indies, anonymous trust businesses, 13
• Statue of Liberty, 174
• Stiglitz, Joseph, 71
• stock market: unemployment and, 213f;
  • U.S. “flash crash,” 33–34
  • wage growth vs. stock growth, 67f
• Story, Louise, 40
• Stumpf, John, 98–99
• Sub-Saharan Africa: increasing poverty levels, 53
  • trade misinvoicing in, 59f
• Sullenberger, Chesley, 188
• Sullivan & Cromwell, 131
• Summers, Larry, 31, 80–81, 180, 214
• Supreme Court (U.S.) decisions: Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 177–179;
  • McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 178
  • United States v. Pasquantino, 176
• Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs), 42, 90, 170, 215
• Suu Kyi, Daw Aung San, 165–166
• Swedbank, 106
• Switzerland: bank investigations in, 102
  • bank secrecy laws in, 12
  • as a conduit country, 12
  • freezing of depositors’ accounts, 117
  • Glencore scandal and, 112
  • Odebrecht scandal and, 116
  • settlement for tax fraud conspiracy, 92
  • U.S. investigations of corruption in, 127

• “Tackling the Inequality Pandemic: A New Social Contract for a New Era” lecture (Mandela), 218–219
• Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (2017) (U.S.), 189–191, 238
• taxes and tax avoidance: by Apple Inc., 122–125;
  • avoidance schemes, 15–16, 18–19
  • corporate inversion strategy, 20
  • creation of hybrids strategy, 19
  • “deduction/deduction mismatch,” 19
  • “deduction/noninclusion mismatch,” 19
  • of double taxation, 19
  • evasion of, 1
  • free trade zones/special economic zones, 20
  • money laundering, 20
  • strategy for avoiding double taxation, 11
• tax havens, 10–12, 15–16, 29–30, 38, 41–43, 58, 68–69
• terrorism, 1, 49–51, 72, 222. See also September 11, 2001 attack
• Terrorist Finance Tracking Program (U.S.), 50
• Thomson Reuters, real estate corruption report, 38
• Thunberg, Greta, 3, 218
• trade (trades): construction of trade manipulation, 16–18, 22–23;
  • falsification of, 14–16
  • motivations for manipulations of, 18
  • post–World War II growth of, 9
  • trade misinvoicing, 18–19, 58, 59f
• Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index, 37
• trickle-down economics, 60, 213, 238
• Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP), 92
• Trump, Donald J., 168–169, 216

• UBS, 93, 94, 96, 106–107, 108
• underemployment, 6, 32–33
• United Arab Emirates (UAE), 20, 76f, 174–175
• United Kingdom (UK): anti-money laundering efforts, 91
  • Cum-Ex scam, London, 96–97
  • failure of auditors in, 138–139
  • global share of income, 57f
  • increasing inequalities, falling freedoms in, 73, 75
  • real estate-related corruption, 38
  • sales of permanent residence, 174
  • tax haven phenomenon, 10–11
  • U.S. investigations of corruption in, 127
• United Nations (UN), 153–154, 159
• United States (U.S.), 28, 34, 48, 78–80, 170–191, 254
  • attempted coup (1/6/21), 3, 216–217
  • Banks Secrecy Act, 90
  • Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 177–179
  • Commodity Futures Modernization Act, 180
  • Communications Act, 176
  • decline of democracy in, 76–78
  • democracy comparison, 76f
  • False Claims Act, 176
  • “flawed democracy” ranking, 75
  • flawed Golden Visa Program, 173–175, 246
  • Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 38, 117
  • Immigration Act (1990), 173
  • Minerals Management Service, 185–186
  • real estate-related corruption, 39–40
  • regulatory capture, 183–188, 246–247
  • repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, 180–183
  • Sarbanes-Oxley legislation, 133–134
  • Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, 189–191
  • Walmart stores, 122
  • Wire Fraud Statute, 176
• USA Patriot Act, 49, 222, 224
• US Bancorp, 108

• “Varsity Blues” college admission scam, 131–132
• Venezuela, 45, 48, 76f, 116, 155–159
• Vietnam War, 11
• Vogl, Frank, 212–213

• Walker, Darren, 71, 218
• Wall Street Journal, 71
• Walmart, 118–123
• Warren, Senator Elizabeth, 99
• Washington Mutual, 134–135
• WCO. See World Customs Organization
• wealth inequality, 67–70
• Weintraub, Ellen, 178
• Wells Fargo, illegal practices, 98–100
• Westpac Bank, 107
• whistleblowers, 41, 98, 247
• Whitehead, John, 100, 103
• wildlife poaching/trafficking, 1, 44, 47, 164–165
• Wire Fraud Statute (1952) (U.S.), 176
• World Bank: average Gini data, 59f;
  • Control of Corruption Index, 37
  • growth of global GDP, broad money, 29f
  • income inequality data, 56f
  • report (2018) on global poverty, 53
  • role in dealing with illicit financial flows, 193–195, 198
  • role in restoring integrity to to democratic-capitalist system, 247–248
  • suspension of support for Mozambique, 104
  • U.S. influence on, 193
  • youth not in education, employment, training vs. broad money, 32f
• WorldCom, bankruptcy, 134
• World Trade Organization (WTO), 197, 248–249

• Xi Jinping, 148–152. See also China

• Yakuza crime syndicate, Japan, 184

• Zucman, Gabriel, 40–41, 66, 68, 190, 196