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Table of Contents
by André Perez, Frédéric Launay
LTE Advanced Pro
Cover
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
I.1. LTE standard
I.2. LTE Advanced standard
I.3. LTE Advanced Pro standard
I.4. Wi-Fi integration
I.5. 5G integration
1 MBB Service – Network Architecture
1.1. Initial architecture
1.2. CUPS architecture
1.3. Heterogeneous networks
2 MBB Service – Spatial Multiplexing
2.1. Multiplexing techniques
2.2. Antenna ports
2.3. UCI
2.4. Transmission modes
2.5. FD-MIMO mechanism
2.6. eFD-MIMO mechanism
3 MBB Service – Carrier Aggregation
3.1. Functional architecture
3.2. LTE aggregation
3.3. LAA aggregation
3.4. LWA aggregation
3.5. LWIP aggregation
4 Wi-Fi Integration – Network Architecture
4.1. Functional architecture
4.2. Tunnel establishment
4.3. DIAMETER protocol
5 Wi-Fi Integration – Procedures
5.1. Mutual authentication
5.2. SWu tunnel establishment
5.3. S2a/S2b tunnel establishment
5.4. S2c tunnel establishment
6 Wi-Fi Integration – Network Discovery and Selection
6.1. Mechanisms defined by 3GPP organization
6.2. Mechanisms defined by IEEE and WFA organizations
7 LLC Service – Proximity Communications
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Functional architecture
7.3. Direct discovery
7.4. Radio interface
8 LLC Service – Group Communications
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Transport architecture
8.3. Service architecture
8.4. Radio interface
8.5. Procedures
9 LLC Service – GCSE and MCPTT Functions
9.1. Introduction
9.2. GCSE function
9.3. MCPTT function
9.4. Procedures
10 MTC Service – Network Architecture
10.1. Functional architecture
10.2. Network optimization
10.3. Congestion control
10.4. Procedures
11 MTC Service – Radio Interfaces
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Special features
11.3. LTE-M interface
11.4. NB-IoT interface
12 MBB Service – 5G Integration
12.1. Deployment options
12.2. Functional architecture
12.3. Protocol architecture
12.4. Procedures
12.5. Transmission chain
References
Index
End User License Agreement
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Title Page
Table of Contents
Cover
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
I.1. LTE standard
I.2. LTE Advanced standard
I.3. LTE Advanced Pro standard
I.4. Wi-Fi integration
I.5. 5G integration
1 MBB Service – Network Architecture
1.1. Initial architecture
1.2. CUPS architecture
1.3. Heterogeneous networks
2 MBB Service – Spatial Multiplexing
2.1. Multiplexing techniques
2.2. Antenna ports
2.3. UCI
2.4. Transmission modes
2.5. FD-MIMO mechanism
2.6. eFD-MIMO mechanism
3 MBB Service – Carrier Aggregation
3.1. Functional architecture
3.2. LTE aggregation
3.3. LAA aggregation
3.4. LWA aggregation
3.5. LWIP aggregation
4 Wi-Fi Integration – Network Architecture
4.1. Functional architecture
4.2. Tunnel establishment
4.3. DIAMETER protocol
5 Wi-Fi Integration – Procedures
5.1. Mutual authentication
5.2. SWu tunnel establishment
5.3. S2a/S2b tunnel establishment
5.4. S2c tunnel establishment
6 Wi-Fi Integration – Network Discovery and Selection
6.1. Mechanisms defined by 3GPP organization
6.2. Mechanisms defined by IEEE and WFA organizations
7 LLC Service – Proximity Communications
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Functional architecture
7.3. Direct discovery
7.4. Radio interface
8 LLC Service – Group Communications
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Transport architecture
8.3. Service architecture
8.4. Radio interface
8.5. Procedures
9 LLC Service – GCSE and MCPTT Functions
9.1. Introduction
9.2. GCSE function
9.3. MCPTT function
9.4. Procedures
10 MTC Service – Network Architecture
10.1. Functional architecture
10.2. Network optimization
10.3. Congestion control
10.4. Procedures
11 MTC Service – Radio Interfaces
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Special features
11.3. LTE-M interface
11.4. NB-IoT interface
12 MBB Service – 5G Integration
12.1. Deployment options
12.2. Functional architecture
12.3. Protocol architecture
12.4. Procedures
12.5. Transmission chain
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1. Different types of X2-based handover
Table 1.2. CPRI payload rate
Table 1.3. CPRI rate
Table 1.4. Number of radio channels carried on the CPRI
Chapter 2
Table 2.1. Association of the antenna ports and reference signals: downlink
Table 2.2. Numbering of antenna ports for the uplink
Table 2.3. Transfer modes of the aperiodic reports
Table 2.4. Transfer modes of the periodic reports
Table 2.5. Downlink transmission modes
Table 2.6. Correspondence between the configuration of the antennas and modes of...
Table 2.7. Comparison between MIMO and FD-MIMO
Table 2.8. Constitution of the antenna ports: FD-MIMO
Table 2.9. Constitution of the antenna ports: eFD-MIMO
Chapter 3
Table 3.1. LTE mobile categories from release 8
Table 3.2. LTE Advanced mobile categories
Table 3.3. Mobile categories for the downlink from release 12
Table 3.4. Mobile categories for the uplink from release 12
Table 3.5. Type-2 frame configuration
Chapter 4
Table 4.1. DIAMETER messages on the SWx interface
Table 4.2. DIAMETER messages on the STa and SWa interfaces
Table 4.3. DIAMETER messages on the S6b interface
Table 4.4. DIAMETER messages on the SWm interface
Table 4.5. DIAMETER messages on the Gx, Gxa and Gxb interfaces
Chapter 6
Table 6.1. ANQP information elements
Chapter 8
Table 8.1. Transport of the RRC message
Table 8.2. Message transport relating to counting
Chapter 9
Table 9.1. QoS class identifier
Chapter 11
Table 11.1. PRBs allocated to the synchronization signals
Table 11.2. RU structure
Chapter 12
Table 12.1. Spacing between sub-carriers
Table 12.2. PRB number
Table 12.3. Radio channel bandwidth
Table 12.4. Time frame structure
Table 12.5. PSS, SSS and PBCH location: NR interface
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1. Functional architecture of the EPS network
Figure 1.2. Protocol architecture: the control plane
Figure 1.3. Protocol architecture: the user plane
Figure 1.4. Protocol architecture of the LTE-Uu interface
Figure 1.5. The downlink chain of transmission
Figure 1.6. The uplink chain of transmission
Figure 1.7. Protocol architecture of the X2 interface: the control plane
Figure 1.8. Protocol architecture of the user plane during the handover based on...
Figure 1.9. CUPS architecture
Figure 1.10. Protocol architecture of the Sx interface: the control plane
Figure 1.11. Functional architecture implementing the HeNB station: variant 1
Figure 1.12. Functional architecture implementing the HeNB station: variant 2
Figure 1.13. Functional architecture implementing the HeNB station: variant 3
Figure 1.14. Functional architecture implementing the relay node
Figure 1.15. Connecting the relay node: the control plane
Figure 1.16. Connecting the mobile: the control plane
Figure 1.17. Connecting the mobile: the user plane
Figure 1.18. Protocol architecture of the X2 interface: the control plane
Figure 1.19. Protocol architecture of the X2 interface: the user plane
Figure 1.20. C-RAN architecture
Figure 1.21. Distribution of functions between the BBU and RRH modules
Figure 1.22. Functional architecture implementing dual connectivity
Figure 1.23. Protocol architecture of the radio interface implementing dual conn...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1. SU-MIMO mechanism
Figure 2.2. MU-MIMO mechanism
Figure 2.3. Beamforming
Figure 2.4. Antenna configurations
Figure 2.5. Beamforming in different planes
Figure 2.6. AAS
Figure 2.7. Mapping between the TXU/TRU and the antenna elements
Figure 2.8. CSI-RS mapping: FD-MIMO
Figure 2.9. CSI-RS reference signal mapping: eFD-MIMO
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1. Functional architecture for LTE and Wi-Fi carrier aggregation
Figure 3.2. Radio channel aggregation
Figure 3.3. Inter-carrier scheduling
Figure 3.4. Structure of type-1 frame
Figure 3.5. Structure of type-2 frame
Figure 3.6. LBT mechanism: FBE option
Figure 3.7. LBT mechanism: LBE option
Figure 3.8. Protocol architecture for LWA: collocated eNB and AP entities
Figure 3.9. Protocol architecture for LWA: distant eNB and AP entities
Figure 3.10. WT Addition procedure
Figure 3.11. WT Modification procedure initiated by the eNB entity
Figure 3.12. WT Modification procedure initiated by the access point
Figure 3.13. WT Release procedure initiated by the eNB entity
Figure 3.14. WT Release procedure initiated by the access point
Figure 3.15. Protocol architecture for the LWIP aggregation
Figure 3.16. LWIP and IPSec tunnel establishment
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1. Functional architecture based on the S2a interface
Figure 4.2. Connection to the PDN for the architecture based on the S2a interfac...
Figure 4.3. Functional architecture based on the S2b interface
Figure 4.4. Connection to the PDN for the architecture based on the S2b interfac...
Figure 4.5. Functional architecture based on the S2c interface trusted Wi-Fi acc...
Figure 4.6. Functional architecture based on the S2c interface untrusted Wi-Fi a...
Figure 4.7. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface control plane for t...
Figure 4.8. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface user plane for the ...
Figure 4.9. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface control plane for t...
Figure 4.10. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface user plane for the...
Figure 4.11. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface control plane for ...
Figure 4.12. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface user plane for the...
Figure 4.13. Protocol architecture based on the S2b interface control plane for ...
Figure 4.14. Protocol architecture based on the S2b interface user plane for the...
Figure 4.15. Protocol architecture based on the S2c interface control plane for ...
Figure 4.16. Protocol architecture based on the S2c interface user plane for the...
Figure 4.17. AAA server interfaces using the DIAMETER protocol
Figure 4.18. PCRF interfaces using the DIAMETER protocol
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1. Transport of the EAP-AKA’ messages
Figure 5.2. Mutual authentication procedure
Figure 5.3. Procedure for rapid renewal of authentication
Figure 5.4. SWu tunnel establishment procedure
Figure 5.5. Procedure for rapid renewal of authentication
Figure 5.6. PMIPv6 architecture
Figure 5.7. S2a tunnel establishment using the PMIPv6 mechanism
Figure 5.8. S2b tunnel establishment using PMIPv6 mechanism
Figure 5.9. S2a tunnel establishment using the GTPv2 mechanism
Figure 5.10. Components of mobility
Figure 5.11. S2a tunnel establishment using the MIPv4 FA mechanism
Figure 5.12. S2c tunnel establishment: trusted Wi-Fi access
Figure 5.13. S2c tunnel establishment: untrusted Wi-Fi access
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1. ANDI
Figure 6.2. ISMP
Figure 6.3. IFOM rules
Figure 6.4. MAPCON rules
Figure 6.5. NSWO rules
Figure 6.6. IARP rules
Figure 6.7. WLANSP
Figure 6.8. Wi-Fi access network preferences
Figure 6.9. GAS/ANQP exchanges
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1. Deployment scenarios for D2D communications
Figure 7.2. Different types of V2X communication
Figure 7.3. Functional architecture: D2D communications
Figure 7.4. Transport of the HTTP/XML message
Figure 7.5. Functional architecture: V2X communications
Figure 7.6. eNB-type and UE-type RSU
Figure 7.7. Radio interface structure
Figure 7.8. Resources allocated to the sidelink
Figure 7.9. Resources allocated to SLSS and PSBCH
Figure 7.10. Resources allocated to the sidelink: adjacent resource blocks
Figure 7.11. Resources allocated to the sidelink: non-adjacent resource blocks
Figure 7.12. DMRS associated with PSCCH and PSSCH
Figure 7.13. DMRS associated with SLSS and PSBCH
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1. eMBMS network: transport architecture
Figure 8.2. eMBMS network: service architecture
Figure 8.3. Structure of the BM-SC entity
Figure 8.4. Setting up the keys
Figure 8.5. Protocol architecture of the Ua interface
Figure 8.6. Mapping of the MBSFN-RS: a step of 15 kHz between the sub-carriers
Figure 8.7. Mapping of the MBSFN-RS: a step of 7.5 kHz between the sub-carriers
Figure 8.8. Processing associated with the PMCH
Figure 8.9. Turbo code
Figure 8.10. Allocation of frames and sub-frames to the MBMS
Figure 8.11. MCCH scheduling
Figure 8.12. MTCH scheduling
Figure 8.13. Mutual authentication
Figure 8.14. Mobile registration
Figure 8.15. Multicast bearer establishment
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1. GCSE function
Figure 9.2. Application services
Figure 9.3. Management services
Figure 9.4. MCPTT-1 interfaces
Figure 9.5. MCPTT-3 interfaces
Figure 9.6. Group creation
Figure 9.7. Group affiliation
Figure 9.8. Session pre-establishment: group call
Figure 9.9. Group call
Figure 9.10. Private call: automatic start-up mode
Figure 9.11. Private call: manual start-up mode
Figure 9.12. Floor
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1. Network architecture
Figure 10.2. Different variants of data transmission
Figure 10.3. RRC Suspend procedure
Figure 10.4. RRC Resume procedure
Figure 10.5. LAPI notification
Figure 10.6. Congestion control: session establishment reject
Figure 10.7. Congestion control: attachment reject
Figure 10.8. Congestion control: connection reject
Figure 10.9. Triggering procedure by short message
Figure 10.10. Group message delivery
Figure 10.11. HSS and MME configuration: single process
Figure 10.12. HSS and MME configuration: group process
Figure 10.13. PGW configuration: single process
Figure 10.14. PGW configuration: group process
Figure 10.15. NIDD configuration
Figure 10.16. Downlink NIDD transfer
Figure 10.17. Uplink NIDD transfer
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1. PSM
Figure 11.2. Guard time
Figure 11.3. PBCH structure
Figure 11.4. NB-IoT radio channel
Figure 11.5. Physical resource block
Figure 11.6. NPSS
Figure 11.7. NSSS
Figure 11.8. NRS
Figure 11.9. NPBCH: repetition structure
Figure 11.10. NPBCH: sub-frame structure
Figure 11.11. NPDCCH
Figure 11.12. DMRS
Figure 11.13. NPRACH
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1. SA and NSA configurations
Figure 12.2. Functional architecture
Figure 12.3. en-gNB architecture
Figure 12.4. Protocol architecture of the NR interface
Figure 12.5. Protocol architecture: mobile side
Figure 12.6. Protocol architecture: eNB and en-gNB side
Figure 12.7. Split configuration of the functions between CU and DU
Figure 12.8. Adding a secondary node
Figure 12.9. Changing a secondary node initiated by the eNB entity
Figure 12.10. Removing a secondary node initiated by the eNB entity
Figure 12.11. PSS, SSS and PBCH location: LTE interface and TDD mode
Figure 12.12. Block of PSS, SSS and PBCH
Figure 12.13. PSS, SSS and PBCH location: NR interface
Guide
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