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Learning Ceph
by Karan Singh
Learning Ceph
Learning Ceph
Table of Contents
Learning Ceph
Credits
Foreword
About the Author
About the Reviewers
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Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Introducing Ceph Storage
An overview of Ceph
The history and evolution of Ceph
Ceph releases
Ceph and the future of storage
Ceph as a cloud storage solution
Ceph as a software-defined solution
Ceph as a unified storage solution
The next generation architecture
Raid – end of an era
The compatibility portfolio
Ceph block storage
The Ceph filesystem
Ceph object storage
Ceph versus others
GPFS
iRODS
HDFS
Lustre
Gluster
Ceph
Summary
2. Ceph Instant Deployment
Creating a sandbox environment with VirtualBox
From zero to Ceph – deploying your first Ceph cluster
Scaling up your Ceph cluster – monitor and OSD addition
Adding the Ceph monitor
Adding the Ceph OSD
Summary
3. Ceph Architecture and Components
Ceph storage architecture
Ceph RADOS
Ceph Object Storage Device
The Ceph OSD filesystem
The Ceph OSD journal
OSD commands
Ceph monitors
Monitor commands
librados
The Ceph block storage
Ceph Object Gateway
Ceph MDS
Deploying MDS for your Ceph cluster
The Ceph filesystem
Summary
4. Ceph Internals
Ceph under the hood
Object
Locating objects
CRUSH
The CRUSH lookup
The CRUSH hierarchy
Recovery and rebalancing
Editing a CRUSH map
Customizing a cluster layout
Placement groups
Calculating PG numbers
Modifying PG and PGP
PG peering, up and acting sets
Ceph pools
Pool operations
Creating and listing pools
Ceph data management
Summary
5. Deploying Ceph – the Way You Should Know
Hardware planning for a Ceph cluster
Monitor requirements
OSD requirements
Network requirements
MDS requirements
Setting up your VirtualBox environment – again
Preparing your Ceph installation
Getting the software
Getting packages
Getting Ceph tarballs
Getting Ceph from GitHub
Ceph cluster manual deployment
Installing perquisites
Deploying the Ceph cluster
Deploying monitors
Creating OSDs
Scaling up your cluster
Adding monitors
Adding OSDs
Ceph cluster deployment using the ceph-deploy tool
Upgrading your Ceph cluster
Upgrading a monitor
Upgrading OSDs
Summary
6. Storage Provisioning with Ceph
The RADOS block device
Setting up your first Ceph client
Mapping the RADOS block device
Resizing Ceph RBD
Ceph RBD snapshots
Ceph RBD clones
The Ceph filesystem
Mounting CephFS with a kernel driver
Mounting CephFS as FUSE
Object storage using the Ceph RADOS gateway
Setting up a virtual machine
Installing the RADOS gateway
Configuring the RADOS gateway
Creating a radosgw user
Accessing the Ceph object storage
S3 API-compatible Ceph object storage
Swift API-compatible Ceph object storage
Summary
7. Ceph Operations and Maintenance
Ceph service management
Running Ceph with sysvinit
Starting daemons by type
Stopping daemons by type
Starting and stopping all daemons
Starting and stopping a specific daemon
Running Ceph as a service
Starting and stopping all daemons
Starting and stopping a specific daemon
Scaling out a Ceph cluster
Adding OSD nodes to a Ceph cluster
Scaling down a Ceph cluster
Bringing an OSD out and down from a Ceph cluster
Removing the OSD from a Ceph cluster
Replacing a failed disk drive
Manipulating CRUSH maps
Identifying CRUSH locations
CRUSH map internals
Different pools on different OSDs
Summary
8. Monitoring Your Ceph Cluster
Monitoring a Ceph cluster
Checking cluster health
Watching cluster events
Cluster utilization statistics
Checking the cluster status
Cluster authentication keys
Monitoring Ceph MON
The MON status
The MON quorum status
Monitoring Ceph OSD
OSD tree view
OSD statistics
Checking the CRUSH map
Monitoring placement groups
Monitoring MDS
Monitoring Ceph using open source dashboards
Kraken
Deploying Kraken
The ceph-dash tool
Deploying ceph-dash
Calamari
Summary
9. Integrating Ceph with OpenStack
Introduction to OpenStack
Ceph – the best match for OpenStack
Creating an OpenStack test environment
Setting up an OpenStack machine
Installing OpenStack
Ceph with OpenStack
Installing Ceph on an OpenStack node
Configuring Ceph for OpenStack
Configuring OpenStack Cinder
Configuring OpenStack Nova
Configuring OpenStack Glance
Restarting OpenStack services
Testing OpenStack Cinder
Using Cinder CLI
Using Horizon GUI
Testing OpenStack Glance
Summary
10. Ceph Performance Tuning and Benchmarking
Ceph performance overview
Ceph performance consideration – hardware level
Processor
Memory
Network
Disk
Ceph performance tuning – software level
Cluster configuration file
Config sections
The global section
The MON section
The OSD section
The MDS section
The client section
Ceph cluster performance tuning
Global tuning parameters
Network
Max open files
OSD tuning parameters
Client tuning parameters
General performance tuning
Ceph erasure coding
Low-cost cold storage
Implementing erasure coding
Ceph cache tiering
The writeback mode
The read-only mode
Implementing cache tiering
Creating a pool
Creating a cache tier
Configuring a cache tier
Testing the cache tier
Ceph benchmarking using RADOS bench
Summary
Index
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