Symbols

! (exclamation point), Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion, History Expansion, Extended Pattern Matching, Combinations of Exit Statuses, String comparisons, File attribute checking, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Process ID Variables and Temporary Files, Commands, Built-In Shell Variables

!= (not equal to operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

!= (string comparison operator), String comparisons

conditional not operator, Combinations of Exit Statuses

debugger command, Commands

environment variable, Built-In Shell Variables

event designators, History Expansion

extended pattern-matching operator, Extended Pattern Matching

logical not operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

negation operator, File attribute checking

negation wildcard, Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion

process ID shell variable, Process ID Variables and Temporary Files

" (double quotes), Quoting, Quoting Quotation Marks, Variables and Quoting, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Quoting

arithmetic expressions in, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

around shell variables, Variables and Quoting

around special characters, Quoting

backslash preceding, Quoting Quotation Marks

command line processing of, Quoting

# (hash mark), Miscellaneous Commands, Positional Parameters, Syntax of String Operators, Patterns and Pattern Matching, Patterns and Pattern Matching, Length Operator, Advanced Examples: pushd and popd, Arrays, printf, Built-In Shell Variables

## (pattern-matching operator), Patterns and Pattern Matching

array element length operator, Arrays

comments, Syntax of String Operators

environment variable, Positional Parameters, Built-In Shell Variables

length operator, Length Operator

pattern-matching operator, Patterns and Pattern Matching, Advanced Examples: pushd and popd

prepend comment, vi, Miscellaneous Commands

printf flag, printf

$ (dollar sign), Textual Completion, Simple Control Mode Commands, Simple Control Mode Commands, History Expansion, Shell Variables, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Arithmetic Conditionals, Command-Line Processing, Process ID Variables and Temporary Files, Built-In Shell Variables

$$ (shell variable), Process ID Variables and Temporary Files

$((...)) (arithmetic expressions), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

$((...)) (arithmetic test), Arithmetic Conditionals

environment variable, Built-In Shell Variables

variable substitution, Textual Completion, Shell Variables, Command-Line Processing

vi command, Simple Control Mode Commands, Simple Control Mode Commands

word designator, History Expansion

$0 positional parameter, Positional Parameters

$1 positional parameter, Positional Parameters

$2 positional parameter, Positional Parameters

$3 positional parameter, Positional Parameters

$else directive, readline, The readline Startup File

$endif directive, readline, The readline Startup File

$if directive, readline, The readline Startup File

% (percent sign), History Expansion, Patterns and Pattern Matching, Patterns and Pattern Matching, Advanced Examples: pushd and popd, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, printf, Additional bash printf specifiers, Foreground and Background, Foreground and Background, Foreground and Background, Foreground and Background, Foreground and Background

%% (job most recently put in background), Foreground and Background

%% (pattern-matching operator), Patterns and Pattern Matching, Advanced Examples: pushd and popd

%+ (job most recently put in background), Foreground and Background

%- (job second-most recently put in background), Foreground and Background

%? (job containing string), Foreground and Background

job numbers, Foreground and Background

modulus operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

pattern-matching operator, Patterns and Pattern Matching

printf format specifiers, printf, Additional bash printf specifiers

word designator, History Expansion

& (ampersand), Background Jobs, Combinations of Exit Statuses, File attribute checking, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, I/O Redirectors, Job Control

&& (logical and operator), Combinations of Exit Statuses, File attribute checking, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

&\> (output and error redirection), I/O Redirectors

bitwise and operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

running commands in background, Background Jobs, Job Control

' (single quotes), Quoting, Continuing Lines, Aliases, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Quoting

around special characters, Quoting

command line processing of, Quoting

enclosing RETURN, Continuing Lines

in alias definition, Aliases

when to use, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

( ) (parentheses), Command Substitution, File attribute checking, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Arithmetic Conditionals, Nested Subshells, Potential Problems, Configuring and Building bash

((...)) (arithmetic test), Arithmetic Conditionals, Potential Problems, Configuring and Building bash

command substitution, Command Substitution

grouping conditional operators, File attribute checking

in arithmetic expressions, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

nested subshells, Nested Subshells

* (asterisk), Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion, Textual Completion, History Expansion, Positional Parameters, Quoting with $@ and $*, Patterns and Pattern Matching, Extended Pattern Matching, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Arrays, Built-In Shell Variables

** (exponentiation operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

environment variable, Positional Parameters, Quoting with $@ and $*, Built-In Shell Variables

extended pattern-matching operator, Extended Pattern Matching

multiplication operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

pattern-matching operator, Patterns and Pattern Matching

special array index, Arrays

textual completion, vi, Textual Completion

wildcard, Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion

word designator, History Expansion

+ (plus sign), Moving Around in the History List, Moving Around in the History List, Extended Pattern Matching, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, printf, Set Options

++ (increment operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

addition operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

extended pattern-matching operator, Extended Pattern Matching

printf flag, printf

vi command, Moving Around in the History List, Moving Around in the History List

xtrace output, Set Options

, (comma), Character-Finding Commands, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

sequential evaluation operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

vi command, Character-Finding Commands

- (hyphen), Commands, Arguments, and Options, Moving Around in the History List, Moving Around in the History List, Miscellaneous Commands, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, printf, Built-In Shell Variables

-- (decrement operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

append word, vi, Miscellaneous Commands

environment variable, Built-In Shell Variables

preceding options, Commands, Arguments, and Options

printf flag, printf

subtraction operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

vi command, Moving Around in the History List, Moving Around in the History List

-a (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-a (logical operator), File attribute checking

-d (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-e (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-eq (equal to test operator), Arithmetic Conditionals

-eq (integer comparison operator), Integer Conditionals

-f (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-G (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-ge (greater than or equal to test operator), Arithmetic Conditionals

-ge (integer comparison operator), Integer Conditionals

-gt (greater than test operator), Arithmetic Conditionals

-gt (integer comparison operator), Integer Conditionals

-le (integer comparison operator), Integer Conditionals

-le (less than or equal to test operator), Arithmetic Conditionals

-lt (integer comparison operator), Integer Conditionals

-lt (less than test operator), Arithmetic Conditionals

-N (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-n (string comparison operator), String comparisons

-ne (integer comparison operator), Integer Conditionals

-ne (not equal to test operator), Arithmetic Conditionals

-nt (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-O (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-o (logical operator), File attribute checking

-ot (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-r (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-s (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-w (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-x (file attribute operator), File attribute checking

-z (string comparison operator), String comparisons

. (dot), Changing working directories, Changing working directories, Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion, Deletion Commands, The .bash_profile, .bash_logout, and .bashrc Files, shopt, Built-In Commands and Reserved Words

.. (parent directory), Changing working directories

command, Built-In Commands and Reserved Words

current directory, Changing working directories

preceding filenames, Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion, shopt

synonym to source command, The .bash_profile, .bash_logout, and .bashrc Files

vi command, Deletion Commands

.bashrc file, Command-Line Options, Restricted Shell

ignoring, Command-Line Options

restricted, Restricted Shell

.bash_profile file, Environment Variables, The Environment File, Restricted Shell, Restricted Shell

environment file and, The Environment File

environment variables in, Environment Variables

restricted, Restricted Shell, Restricted Shell

.inputrc file, Enabling Command-Line Editing

.profile file, The .bash_profile, .bash_logout, and .bashrc Files

/ (slash), Moving Around in the History List, Patterns and Pattern Matching, Patterns and Pattern Matching, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Restricted Shell

// (pattern-matching and replacement operator), Patterns and Pattern Matching

division operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

in restricted shell, Restricted Shell

pattern-matching and replacement operator, Patterns and Pattern Matching

vi command, Moving Around in the History List

0 (zero) environment variable, Built-In Shell Variables

0 (zero) printf flag, printf

0 (zero) word designator, History Expansion

: (colon), Syntax of String Operators, Syntax of String Operators, Syntax of String Operators, Syntax of String Operators, Syntax of String Operators, Syntax of String Operators, Syntax of String Operators, Advanced Examples: pushd and popd, Built-In Commands and Reserved Words

:+ (string operator), Syntax of String Operators, Syntax of String Operators

:- (string operator), Syntax of String Operators

:= (string operator), Syntax of String Operators, Syntax of String Operators

:? (string operator), Syntax of String Operators, Advanced Examples: pushd and popd

command, Built-In Commands and Reserved Words

string operator, Syntax of String Operators

; (semicolon), Character-Finding Commands, String comparisons

statement separator, String comparisons

vi command, Character-Finding Commands

< (less than sign), I/O Redirection, String comparisons, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, Here-documents–Here-documents

<& (input redirection), I/O Redirectors

<&- (input redirection), I/O Redirectors

<< (bit-shift left operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

<< (here-document), I/O Redirectors, Here-documents–Here-documents

<= (less than or equal to operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

<\> (input/output redirection), I/O Redirectors

input redirection, I/O Redirectors

less than operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

redirecting input, I/O Redirection

string comparison operator, String comparisons

= (equal sign), Textual Completion, String comparisons, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

== (equal to operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

string comparison operator, String comparisons

textual completion, vi, Textual Completion

> (greater than sign), I/O Redirection

output redirection, I/O Redirection

? (question mark), Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion, Moving Around in the History List, Extended Pattern Matching, Exit Status, Commands, Built-In Shell Variables

debugger command, Commands

environment variable, Exit Status, Built-In Shell Variables

extended pattern-matching operator, Extended Pattern Matching

vi command, Moving Around in the History List

wildcard, Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion

@ (at sign), Textual Completion, Positional Parameters, Quoting with $@ and $*, Extended Pattern Matching, Arrays, Built-In Shell Variables

environment variable, Positional Parameters, Quoting with $@ and $*, Built-In Shell Variables

extended pattern-matching operator, Extended Pattern Matching

hostname completion, Textual Completion

special array index, Arrays

[] (brackets), Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion, Condition Tests, Condition Tests, Potential Problems, Configuring and Building bash, Test Operators–Test Operators, Test Operators–Test Operators

wildcard, Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion

[...] (condition test), Condition Tests, Potential Problems, Test Operators–Test Operators

[[...]] (condition test), Condition Tests, Configuring and Building bash, Test Operators–Test Operators

\> (greater than sign), String comparisons, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors, File Descriptors

greater than operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

output redirection, I/O Redirectors

string comparison operator, String comparisons

\>& (output redirection), I/O Redirectors, File Descriptors

\>&- (output redirection), I/O Redirectors

\>= (greater than or equal to operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

\>\> (bit-shift right operator), Integer Variables and Arithmetic

\>\> (output redirection), I/O Redirectors

\>| (output redirection), I/O Redirectors, I/O Redirectors

\\ (backslash), Backslash-Escaping, Continuing Lines, Textual Completion, echo escape sequences, Reading user input, Configuring and Building bash

backslash-escaping, Backslash-Escaping

continuation character, Continuing Lines, Reading user input

escape character, echo, echo escape sequences

escape character, prompt strings, Configuring and Building bash

textual completion, vi, Textual Completion

^ (caret), Simple Control Mode Commands, History Expansion, History Expansion, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Control-Key Signals, Installing bash as the Standard Shell, The Bourne Shell

bitwise exclusive or operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

event designator, History Expansion

pipe character, Installing bash as the Standard Shell, The Bourne Shell

representing CTRL key, Control-Key Signals

vi command, Simple Control Mode Commands

word designator, History Expansion

{} (braces), Brace Expansion, More on Variable Syntax, Command blocks

brace expansion wildcards, Brace Expansion

command blocks in, Command blocks

in shell variable syntax, More on Variable Syntax

| (vertical bar), Pipelines, Character-Finding Commands, Extended Pattern Matching, Combinations of Exit Statuses, File attribute checking, case, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, I/O Redirectors, Command-Line Processing

bitwise or operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

extended pattern matching, Extended Pattern Matching

in case statement, case

pipe, Pipelines, I/O Redirectors, Command-Line Processing

vi command, Character-Finding Commands

|| (logical or operator), Combinations of Exit Statuses, File attribute checking, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

~ (tilde), Tilde notation, Textual Completion, Miscellaneous Commands, Integer Variables and Arithmetic, Command-Line Processing, The Bourne Shell

bitwise not operator, Integer Variables and Arithmetic

home directory, Command-Line Processing

in pathnames, Tilde notation, The Bourne Shell

invert case, vi, Miscellaneous Commands

username completion, Textual Completion