Part Three
Network Hardware
Part Three: Network Hardware
by Geoff Varrall
Making Telecoms Work: From Technical Innovation to Commercial Success
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Foreword
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 Differentiating Technology and Engineering Innovation
- 1.2 Differentiating Invention and Innovation
- 1.3 The Role of Standards, Regulation and Competition Policy
- 1.4 Mobile Broadband Auction Values – Spectral Costs and Liabilities and Impact on Operator Balance Sheets
- 1.5 TV and Broadcasting and Mobile Broadband Regulation
- 1.6 Technology Convergence as a Precursor of Market Convergence?
- 1.7 Mobile Broadband Traffic Growth Forecasts and the Related Impact on Industry Profitability
- 1.8 Radio versus Copper, Cable and Fibre – Comparative Economics
- 1.9 Standardised Description Frameworks – OSI Seven-Layer Model as a Market and Business Descriptor
- 1.10 Technology and Engineering Economics – Regional Shifts and Related Influence on the Design and Supply Chain, RF Component Suppliers and the Operator Community
- 1.11 Apple as an Example of Technology-Led Market Innovation
- Part One: User Hardware
- Chapter 2: Physical Layer Connectivity
- 2.1 Differentiating Guided and Unguided Media
- 2.2 The Transfer of Bandwidth from Broadcasting to Mobile Broadband
- 2.3 The Cost of Propagation Loss and Impact of OFDM
- 2.4 Competition or Collaboration?
- 2.5 The Smith Chart as a Descriptor of Technology Economics, Vector Analysis and Moore’s Law
- 2.6 Innovation Domains, Enabling Technologies and their Impact on the Cost of Delivery
- 2.7 Cable Performance Benchmarks
- 2.8 Hybrid Fibre Coaxial Systems
- 2.9 The DVB-S Satellite Alternative
- 2.10 Terrestrial TV
- 2.11 Copper Access – ADSL and VDSL Evolution
- 2.12 The Copper Conundrum – the Disconnect between Competition Policy and Technical Reality
- 2.13 OFDM in Wireless – A Similar Story?
- 2.14 Chapter Summary
- Chapter 3: Interrelationship of the Physical Layer with Other Layers of the OSI Model
- 3.1 MAC Layer and Physical Layer Relationships
- 3.2 OFDM and the Transformative Power of Transforms
- 3.3 The Role of Binary Arithmetic in Achieving Sensitivity, Selectivity and Stability
- 3.4 Summary
- 3.5 Contention Algorithms
- 3.6 The WiFi PHY and MAC Relationship
- 3.7 LTE Scheduling Gain
- 3.8 Chapter Summary
- Chapter 4: Telecommunications Economies of Scale
- Chapter 5: Wireless User Hardware
- Chapter 6: Cable, Copper, Wireless and Fibre and the World of the Big TV
- Chapter 2: Physical Layer Connectivity
- Part Two: User Software
- Chapter 7: Device-Centric Software
- 7.1 Battery Drain – The Memristor as One Solution
- 7.2 Plane Switching, Displays and Visual Acuity
- 7.3 Relationship of Display Technologies to Processor Architectures, Software Performance and Power Efficiency
- 7.4 Audio Bandwidth Cost and Value
- 7.5 Video Bandwidth Cost and Value
- 7.6 Code Bandwidth and Application Bandwidth Value, Patent Value and Connectivity Value
- Chapter 8: User-Centric Software
- Chapter 9: Content- and Entertainment-Centric Software
- Chapter 10: Information-Centric Software
- 10.1 Standard Phones, Smart Phones and Super Phones
- 10.2 Radio Waves, Light Waves and the Mechanics of Information Transfer
- 10.3 The Optical Pipe and Pixels
- 10.4 Metadata Defined
- 10.5 Mobile Metadata and Super-Phone Capabilities
- 10.6 The Role of Audio, Visual and Social Signatures in Developing ‘Inference Value’
- 10.7 Revenues from Image and Audio and Memory and Knowledge Sharing – The Role of Mobile Metadata and Similarity Processing Algorithms
- 10.8 Sharing Algorithms
- 10.9 Disambiguating Social Mobile Metadata
- 10.10 The Requirement for Standardised Metadata Descriptors
- 10.11 Mobile Metadata and the Five Domains of User Value
- 10.12 Mathematical (Algorithmic Value) as an Integral Part of the Mobile Metadata Proposition
- Chapter 11: Transaction-Centric Software
- Chapter 7: Device-Centric Software
- Part Three: Network Hardware
- Chapter 12: Wireless Radio Access Network Hardware
- 12.1 Historical Context
- 12.2 From Difference Engine to Connection Engine
- 12.3 IP Network Efficiency Constraints
- 12.4 Telecoms – The Tobacco Industry of the Twentyfirst Century?
- 12.5 Amortisation Time Scales
- 12.6 Roads and Railways and the Power and Water Economy – The Justification of Long-Term Returns
- 12.7 Telecommunications and Economic Theory
- 12.8 The New Wireless Economy in a New Political Age?
- 12.9 Connected Economies – A Definition
- 12.10 Inferences and Implications
- 12.11 The Newly Connected Economy
- Chapter 13: Wireless Core Network Hardware
- Chapter 14: Cable Network and Fibre Network Technologies and Topologies
- 14.1 Telegraph Poles as a Proxy for Regulatory and Competition Policy
- 14.2 Under the Streets of London
- 14.3 Above the Streets of London – The Telegraph
- 14.4 Corporate Success and Failure – Case Studies – The Impact of Regulation and Competition Policy
- 14.5 The Correlation of Success and Failure with R and D Spending
- 14.6 Broadband Delivery Economics and Delivery Innovation
- Chapter 15: Terrestrial Broadcast/Cellular Network Integration
- 15.1 Broadcasting in Historical Context
- 15.2 Digital Radio Mondiale
- 15.3 COFDM in DRM
- 15.4 Social and Political Impact of the Transistor Radio
- 15.5 Political and Economic Value of Broadcasting
- 15.6 DAB, DMB and DVB H
- 15.7 HSPA as a Broadcast Receiver
- 15.8 Impact of Global Spectral Policy and Related Implications for Receiver Design and Signal Flux Levels
- 15.9 White-Space Devices
- 15.10 Transmission Efficiency
- 15.11 Scale Economy Efficiency
- 15.12 Signalling Efficiency
- 15.13 Power Efficiency Loss as a Result of a Need for Wide Dynamic Range
- 15.14 Uneconomic Network Density as a Function of Transceiver TX and RX Inefficiency
- 15.15 Cognitive Radios Already Exist – Why Not Extend Them into White-Space Spectrum?
- 15.16 An Implied Need to Rethink the White-Space Space
- 15.17 White-Space White House
- 15.18 LTE TV
- 15.19 Summary
- 15.20 TV or not TV – That is the Question – What is the Answer?
- 15.21 And Finally the Issue of Potential Spectral Litigation
- 15.22 Technology Economics
- 15.23 Engineering Economics
- 15.24 Market Economics
- 15.25 Business Economics
- 15.26 Political Economics
- 15.27 Remedies
- Chapter 16: Satellite Networks
- 16.1 Potential Convergence
- 16.2 Traditional Specialist User Expectations
- 16.3 Impact of Cellular on Specialist User Expectations
- 16.4 DMR 446
- 16.5 TETRA and TETRA TEDS
- 16.6 TETRAPOL
- 16.7 WiDEN
- 16.8 APCO 25
- 16.9 Why the Performance Gap Between Cellular and Two-Way Radio will Continue to Increase Over Time
- 16.10 What This Means for Two-Way Radio Network Operators
- 16.11 Lack of Frequency Harmonisation as a Compounding Factor
- 16.12 The LTE 700 MHz Public-Safety-Band Plan
- 16.13 The US 800-MHz Public-Safety-Band Plan
- 16.14 Policy Issues and Technology Economics
- 16.15 Satellites for Emergency-Service Provision
- 16.16 Satellites and Cellular Networks
- 16.17 The Impact of Changing Technology and a Changed and Changing Economic and Regulatory Climate – Common Interest Opportunities
- 16.18 And Finally – Satellite and Terrestrial Hybrid Networks
- 16.19 Satellite Spectrum and Orbit Options
- 16.20 Terrestrial Broadcast and Satellite Coexistence in L Band
- 16.21 Terrestrial DAB Satellite DAB and DVB H
- 16.22 World Space Satellite Broadcast L Band GSO Plus Proposed ATC
- 16.23 Inmarsat – L Band GSO Two-Way Mobile Communications
- 16.24 Thuraya 2 L Band GSO Plus Triband GSM and GPS
- 16.25 ACeS L Band GSO Plus Triband GSM and GPS
- 16.26 Mobile Satellite Ventures L Band GSO Plus ATC
- 16.27 Global Positioning MEOS at L Band GPS, Galileo and Glonass
- 16.28 Terrestrial Broadcast and Satellite Coexistence in S Band
- 16.29 XM and Sirius in the US – S Band GEO Plus S Band ATC
- 16.30 Mobaho in Japan and S DMB in South Korea – S Band GSO Plus ATC
- 16.31 Terrestar S Band in the US – GSO with ATC
- 16.32 ICO S Band GSO with ATC
- 16.33 ICO S Band MEO at S Band with ATC
- 16.34 Eutelsat and SES ASTRA GSO – ‘Free’ S Band Payloads
- 16.35 Intelsat C Band Ku Band and Ka Band GSO
- 16.36 Implications for Terrestrial Broadcasters
- 16.37 Implications for Terrestrial Cellular Service Providers
- 16.38 The Impact of Satellite Terrestrial ATC Hybrids on Cellular Spectral and Corporate Value
- 16.39 L Band, S Band, C Band, K Band and V Band Hybrids
- 16.40 Summary
- Chapter 12: Wireless Radio Access Network Hardware
- Part Four: Network Software
- Chapter 17: Network Software – The User Experience
- 17.1 Definition of a Real-Time Network
- 17.2 Switching or Routing
- 17.3 IP Switching as an Option
- 17.4 Significance of the IPv6 Transition
- 17.5 Router Hardware/Software Partitioning
- 17.6 The Impact of Increasing Policy Complexity
- 17.7 So What Do Whorls Have to Do with Telecom Networks?
- 17.8 Packet Arrival Rates
- 17.9 Multilayer Classification
- Chapter 18: Network Software – Energy Management and Control
- Chapter 19: Network Software – Microdevices and Microdevice Networks – The Software of the Very Small
- 19.1 Microdevices – How Small is Small?
- 19.2 Contactless Smart Cards at 13.56 MHz – A Technology, Engineering and Business Model?
- 19.3 Contactless Smart Cards and Memory Spots – Unidirectional and Bidirectional Value
- 19.4 Contactless Smart Cards, RF ID and Memory Spots
- 19.5 Contactless Smart Cards, RF ID, Memory Spot and Mote (Smart Dust) Applications
- 19.6 The Cellular Phone as a Bridge Between Multiple Devices and Other Network-Based Information
- 19.7 Multiple RF Options
- 19.8 Multiple Protocol Stacks
- 19.9 Adoption Time Scales – Bar Codes as an Example
- 19.10 Summary
- Chapter 20: Server Software
- Chapter 21: Future Trends, Forecasting, the Age of Adaptation and More Transformative Transforms
- 21.1 Future Forecasts
- 21.2 The Contribution of Charles Darwin to the Theory of Network Evolution
- 21.3 Famous Mostly Bearded Botanists and Their Role in Network Design – The Dynamics of Adaptation
- 21.4 Adaptation, Scaling and Context
- 21.5 Examples of Adaptation in Existing Semiconductor Solutions
- 21.6 Examples of Adaptation in Present Mobile Broadband Systems
- 21.7 Examples of Adaptation in Future Semiconductor Solutions
- 21.8 Examples of Adaptation in Future Cellular Networks
- 21.9 Specialisation
- 21.10 The Role of Standards Making
- 21.11 The Need for a Common Language
- 21.12 A Definition of Descriptive Domains
- 21.13 Testing the Model on Specific Applications
- 21.14 Domain Value
- 21.15 Quantifying Domain-Specific Economic and Emotional Value
- 21.16 Differentiating Communications and Connectivity Value
- 21.17 Defining Next-Generation Networks
- 21.18 Defining an Ultralow-Cost Network
- 21.19 Standards Policy, Spectral Policy and RF Economies of Scale
- 21.20 The Impact of IPR on RF Component and Subsystem Costs
- 21.21 The Cost of ‘Design Dissipation’
- 21.22 The Hidden Costs of Content – Storage Cost
- 21.23 The Hidden Costs of User-Generated Content – Sorting Cost
- 21.24 The Hidden Cost of Content – Trigger Moments
- 21.25 The Hidden Cost of Content – Delivery Cost
- 21.26 The Particular Costs of Delivering Broadcast Content Over Cellular Networks
- 21.27 Summary – Cost and Value Transforms
- Chapter 17: Network Software – The User Experience
- Index
-
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