Index

A

ANSI data types 61–62

ANSI null values, processing 66–71

ANSI SQL quoting standards 47–49

ANSIMODE option 70–71

APPEND procedure 139

ARRAY statement 58–60

assignment operator (:=) 59

ATTRIB statement 58

automatic data type conversion 33–35, 36, 62–64

B

benchmarking 167

BIGINT data type 62, 63

BINARY data type 62, 65

BINDRESULTS method 1360

BY statement 35

C

CALL routines 101

CAS (SAS Cloud Analytic Services) 160

CHAR data type 61, 68–69

Cody, Ron

An Introduction to SAS University Edition 7

ColumnNumber parameter 117

COMMENT statement 60

CONTENTS method 80, 82, 96

CPU bound 146, 160

CPU Time statistic 164

CREATEGETMETHOD method 114

CREATEPARSER method 116

cross-library table updates 137–141

cursor controls (@) 45–46

D

data

loading to and from RAM 146

manipulating in RAM 146–147

overwriting 42–43

data parameter 107

Data Program block 11

data programs

about 18

versus base SAS DATA steps 37–60

executing 30–31

DATA statement 11–12, 35, 42–43

data types

See also specific data types

automatic conversion 62–64

in DS2 61–71

non-coercible 64–66

data wrangling 6

database management system (DBMS) 2–7

DATA_NULL_program 137

datasrc parameter 107

DATE data type 62, 65, 142

DBMS (database management system) 2–7

DECIMAL data type 62, 63, 70–71

declarative statements 38

DECLARE PACKAGE statement 84

DECLARE statement 26, 36, 58

declaring

with an SQLSTMT package 134–136

a matrix 124–125

PCRXFIND package 130

PCRXREPLACE package 130–131

using TZ package 142

variables 43–45

DELETE method 60, 79, 84

Delwiche, Lora

The Little SAS Book: A Primer 7

DIVBYZERO=ERROR|IGNORE option 16

DO loop 38, 74, 140

DO UNTIL loop 118, 136

DO WHILE loop 136

DOUBLE data type 61, 63, 68–69, 71

DROP PACKAGE statement 15

DROP statement 27, 38

DROP THREAD statement 16

DS2

See also specific topics

about 1–2

ANSI mode 70–71

converting SAS DATA step to 31–35

versus DATA step 10

data types 61–62

versus SAS DATA step 2–6

SAS mode 68–69

DS2 procedure 11–17, 43–44, 70–71

DS2COND= option 26

DS2_OPTIONS statement 16–17, 162–163, 167

DS2_OPTIONS TYPEWARN statement 62, 64

DSTODS2 procedure, automatic conversion with 33–35, 36

duplicate parameter 107–108

E

END statement 12, 20, 140

ENDDATA statement 11–12, 18, 35

ENDPACKAGE statement 11–12, 35

END=SET statement 21

ENDTHREAD statement 11–12, 19, 35

ERROR option 44

executable statements 12, 35, 40–41

EXECUTE method 135

EXECUTEMETHOD method 114

F

FCMP package 100–105, 144

FCMP procedure 10, 100–101, 144

FedSQL procedure 49, 57–58, 134

FETCH method 136

FILENAME URL statement 111

FIND method 109

FIRST method 109

FLOAT data type 61

FORMAT statement 58

FORWARD statement 93

FREQ procedure 68, 118–119

FULLSTIMER 163–164, 167

functions

creating custom with FCMP procedure 101–102

INPUT 63

MISSING 69, 70–71

NULL 69

TO_DATE 65–66, 142

TO_DOUBLE 66

TO_TIME 65–66, 142

TO_TIMESTAMP 65–66, 142

fundamentals

about 37, 71

data programs versus base SAS DATA steps 37–60

DS2 data types 61–71

G

general considerations, for programming 9–10

GET method 112

GETNEXTTOKEN method 116–118

GETRESPONSEBPDYASSTRING method 115

global statements 12–17

GOTO statement 38

H

hash objects

looking up values in data sets with 109–111

using as lookup tables 109

HASH package 106–109, 144

hashexp parameter 107

HAVING clause 58

HEAD method 112

HITER package 100, 109–111, 144

HTTP package 100, 111–124, 144

I

IN method 125

INFORMAT statement 58

INIT method 19, 20, 31, 35, 79, 108, 110, 147

IN_OUT parameters 22–25, 35–36, 74–76, 96

INPUT function 63

input/output bound 146

instantiating

with an SQLSTMT package 134–136

a matrix 124–125

PCRXFIND package 130

PCRXREPLACE package 130–131

using TZ package 142

INTEGER data type 62, 63

INTEREST method 82–83

interest methods 75–78

An Introduction to SAS University Edition (Cody) 7

Involuntary Context Switches statistic 164

IS methods 117

J

JSON package 100, 111–124, 144

JSON procedure 111, 116

K

KEEP statement 27, 38

keys parameter 106

keywords, reserved 46–47

Kiva API 111–115, 120–124

L

LABEL statement 58

LAST method 109

learning resources 165–166

LENGTH statement 58

LIBNAME statement 3, 136

LIBS= option 13–15

line feeds (/) 45–46

LineNumber parameter 117

LINK statement 60

The Little SAS Book: A Primer (Delwiche and Slaughter) 7

loading a matrix 124–125

Logger package 100

%LOGPARSE macro 164

lookup tables, using hash objects as 109

M

massively parallel processing (MPP) capabilities 5

Matrix package 100, 124–129

MEANS procedure 67–68

memory location 22

Memory statistic 164

MERGE statement 35, 49–55

METHOD block 36

method code block, executable statements and 40–41

METHOD statement 12, 19

methods

See also specific methods

overloading 78–79

programming 19–21

missing features

about 55, 71

ARRAY statement 58–60

ATTRIB statement 58

COMMENT statement 60

DELETE statement 60

FORMAT statement 58

INFORMAT statement 58

LABEL statement 58

LENGTH statement 58

LINK statement 60

MODIFY statement 58

UPDATE statement 58

WHERE statement 56–58

MISSING function 69, 70–71

missing values, processing 66–71

MISSING_NOTE option 16

MODIFY statement 58

MPP (massively parallel processing) capabilities 5

multidata parameter 108

N

name prefix variable 39

name variable list 38

NCHAR data type 61

NEXT method 109

NOLIBS option 13–15

non-coercible data types 64–66

NONE option 44

NOTE option 44

NULL function 69

numbered range variable list 39

NVARCHAR data type 61

O

object-oriented programming, with DS2 packages 84–96

objects, using as building blocks 93–96

ODS (Output Delivery System) 18

online training 165–166

options

ANSIMODE 70–71

DIVBYZERO=ERROR|IGNORE 16

DS2 procedure 12–17

DS2COND= 26

ERROR 44

LIBS= 13–15

MISSING_NOTE 16

NOLIBS 13–15

NONE 44

NOTE 44

OVERWRITE=YES 42–43

SAS 16

SCOND 26, 43–44

SCOND=ERROR|WARNING|NOTE|NONE 17

THREADS= 148, 151, 153, 165

TRACE 17, 162–163, 167

TYPEWARN 17

WARNING 43–45

ordered parameter 107

ordered view 106

Output Delivery System (ODS) 18

OUTPUT statement 35, 38, 137, 140

OVERWRITE=YES option 42–43

overwriting data 42–43

P

Package Program block 11

package programs 18–19

PACKAGE statement 11–12, 18, 35, 79–81

packages

FCMP 100–105, 144

HASH 106–109, 144

HITER 100, 109–111, 144

HTTP 100, 111–124, 144

JSON 100, 111–124, 144

Logger 100

Matrix 100, 124–129

PCRXFIND 100, 129–134, 144

PCRXREPLACE 100, 129–134, 144

SQLSTMT 100, 134–141, 144

storing user-defined methods in 79–81

TZ 100, 142–143, 144

Page Swaps statistic 164

parallel processing

about 145, 160

SAS Cloud Analytic Services (CAS) 160

SAS In-Database Code Accelerator 152–153

SAS Viya 153–160

Thread programs 147–151

threaded processing 146–147

ParseFlags parameter 117

parsing API response using JSON package 121–122

PCRXFIND package 100, 129–134, 144

PCRXREPLACE package 100, 129–134, 144

PDV (program data vector) 10, 126–127

PDV contamination 30

performance tuning

about 161, 167

analyzing with SAS log 163–165

DS2_OPTIONS statement 162–163

learning resources 165–166

troubleshooting 165–166

POST method 112, 116

predefined packages

about 99–100, 144

executing FCMP functions 100–105

FCMP 100–105, 144

HASH 106–109, 144

HITER 100, 109–111, 144

HTTP 100, 111–124, 144

JSON 100, 111–124, 144

Matrix 100, 124–129

PCRXFIND package 100, 129–134, 144

PCRXREPLACE package 100, 129–134, 144

SQLSTMT 100, 134–141, 144

TZ 100, 142–143, 144

PREV method 109

procedures

APPEND 139

DS2 11–17, 43–44, 70–71

DSTODS2 33–35, 36

FCMP 10, 100–101, 144

FedSQL 49, 57–58, 134

FREQ 68, 118–119

JSON 111, 116

MEANS 67–68

SQL 49, 57–58

processing

ANSI null values 66–71

SAS missing values 66–71

threaded 146–147

program blocks 18–19

program data vector (PDV) 10, 126–127

program flow control statements 38

programming

data program execution 30–31

general considerations 9–10

methods 19–21

program blocks 18–19

structure of 11–12

system methods 19–21

user-defined methods 21–25

variable identifiers and scope 25–30

PUT statement 45–46, 63, 71, 115

Q

quality assurance (QA) testing 91

querying Kiva API using HTML package 120–121

question mark (?) 134

QUIT statement 11

quotation marks 47

R

RAID (redundant array of independent disk) 146

RAM

loading data to and from 146

manipulating data in 146–147

RC parameter 117

REAL data type 61

Real Time statistic 164

redundant array of independent disk (RAID) 146

reserved keywords 46–47

RETAIN statement 38

RETURN statement 38

RUN method 19, 20, 27, 28, 29, 31, 35, 79, 140, 147

RUN statement 16

S

SAS, accessing 7–8

SAS 9.4 FedSQL language Reference 58

SAS Blogs (website) 165

SAS Cloud Analytic Services (CAS) 160

SAS DATA step

about 2–6

converting to DS2 data program 31–35

versus data programs 37–60

versus DS2 10

traditional 31

SAS DS2 Language Reference 164

SAS In-Database Code Accelerator 4–5, 152–153

SAS log, analyzing performance with 163–165

SAS Logging: Configuration and Programming Reference 164

SAS National Language Support (NLS): Reference Guide 142

SAS option 16

SAS Support Communities (website) 166

SAS Technical Support (website) 164, 166–167

SAS University Edition (website) 8

SAS Viya 153–160

SCOND option 26, 43–44

SCOND=ERROR|WARNING|NOTE|NONE option 17

scope, variable identifiers and 25–30

SET FROM statement 19, 147, 148–149, 165

SET statement 26, 38, 43–45, 56, 71, 140

SETPARMS method 147, 148

SETPARSERINPUT method 116

setup 7–8

single quotation marks 47

Slaughter, Susan

The Little SAS Book: A Primer 7

SMALLINT data type 62

solid state disk (SSD) 146

SQL procedure 49, 57–58

SQL query 10

SQLSTMT package 100, 134–141, 144

SSD (solid state disk) 146

statements

BY 35

ARRAY 58–60

ATTRIB 58

COMMENT 60

DATA 11–12, 35, 42–43

declarative 38

DECLARE 26, 36, 58

DECLARE PACKAGE 84

DELETE 60

DROP 27, 38

DROP PACKAGE 15

DROP THREAD 16

DS2_OPTIONS 16–17, 162–163, 167

DS2_OPTIONS TYPEWARN 62, 64

END 12, 20, 140

ENDDATA 11–12, 18, 35

ENDPACKAGE 11–12, 35

END=SET 21

ENDTHREAD 11–12, 19, 35

executable 12, 35, 40–41

FILENAME URL 111

FORMAT 58

FORWARD 93

global 12–17

GOTO 38

INFORMAT 58

KEEP 27, 38

LABEL 58

LENGTH 58

LIBNAME 3, 136

LINK 60

MERGE statement 35, 49–55

METHOD 12, 19

MODIFY 58

OUTPUT 35, 38, 137, 140

PACKAGE 11–12, 18, 35, 79–81

program flow control 38

PUT 45–46, 63, 71, 115

QUIT 11

RETAIN 38

RETURN 38

RUN 16

SET 26, 38, 43–45, 56, 71, 140

SET FROM 19, 147, 148–149, 165

STOP 38

THREAD 11–12, 19, 35

UPDATE 58, 137

VARARRAY 58, 125, 126–127

WHERE 56–58

STOP statement 38

structure, of programming 11–12

suminc parameter 108

support communities 166

System CPU Time statistic 164

system methods 19–21, 96

T

technical support 166–167

TERM method 19, 21, 27, 29, 31, 35, 79, 128, 147

thread, defined 147

Thread Program block 11

Thread programs 19, 147–151

THREAD statement 11–12, 19, 35

threaded processing 146–147

THREADS= option 148, 151, 153, 165

TIME data type 62, 65, 142

Time Zone package

See TZ package

TIMESTAMP data type 62, 65, 142

TINYINT data type 62

TOARRAY method 126–127

TO_DATE function 65–66, 142

TO_DOUBLE function 66

Token parameter 117

TokenType parameter 117

TO_TIME function 65–66, 142

TO_TIMESTAMP function 65–66, 142

TOVARARRAY method 126

TRACE option 17, 162–163, 167

TRANS method 126–127

troubleshooting 64, 165–166

%TSLIT macro 48–49, 71

type variable 39

TYPEWARN option 17

TZ package 100, 142–143, 144

U

UPDATE statement 58, 137

User CPU Time statistic 164

user-defined methods

about 21–25, 73–74, 96

designing 74–79

packages 79–83

V

values

manipulating from a matrix 126–127

retrieving from a matrix 126–127

VARARRAY statement 58, 125, 126–127

VARBINARY data type 62, 65

VARCHAR data type 61, 69, 70–71, 120

variable encapsulation 30

variable identifiers, scope and 25–30

variables, declaring 43–45

W

WARNING option 43–45

WHERE statement 56–58

WRITE methods 116

Y

YouTube channel 165