In this chapter on chatbots, we learned about intent, which usually refers to the user input, response, which is via the bot, templates, which defines the nature of bot responses, and entities, such as cuisine type, in our example.

Additionally, to understand the user intent—and even find entities—we used unsupervised approaches , that is, we did not have training examples this time. In practice, most commercial systems use a hybrid system, combining supervised and unsupervised systems.

The one thing you should take away from here is that we don't need a lot of training data to make the first usable version of a bot for a specific use case.