NOTES
INTRODUCTION
1. Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research, Conflict Barometer 2007, http://www.hiik.de/konfliktbarometer/index.html.en (accessed April 10, 2008).
2. United States Institute of Peace, Peace Agreements Digital Collection, http://www.usip.org/library/pa.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
3. Nobel Foundation, “All Nobel Prize Laureates,” http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates (accessed January 22, 2008).
4. P. Stålenheim, C. Perdomo, and E. Sköns, SIPRI Yearbook 2007 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 267-297.
CHAPTER 1. OLD-FASHIONED PEACEMAKING
1. “Chickasaw Treaty,” 1805, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/ntreaty/nt003.htm (accessed January 22, 2008).
2. “Treaties with the Barbary Powers,” 1786-1836, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/barbary/barmenu.htm (accessed January 22, 2008).
3. Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991 (New York: Vintage, 1994).
4. “Versailles Treaty,” June 28, 1919, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/menu.htm (accessed January 22, 2008).
5. “North Atlantic Treaty,” April 4, 1949, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/nato.htm (accessed January 22, 2008).
6. US State Department’s Bureau of International Information Programs, “The Marshall Plan (1947),” http://usinfo.state.gov/special/Archive/2005/Apr/29-923823.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
7. Islamicpopulation.com, “European Muslim Population,” http://www.islamicpopulation.com/europe_general.html (accessed January 22, 2008).218
8. Manav Tanneeru, “Inside the Hispanic Vote: Growing in Numbers, Growing in Diversity,” CNN, September 28, 2007, http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/09/28/hispanic.vote/index.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
9. Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research, Conflict Barometer 2007, http://www.hiik.de/konfliktbarometer/index.html.en (accessed April 10, 2008).
10. “Dayton Peace Accords,” 1995, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/intdip/bosnia/daymenu.htm (accessed January 22, 2008).
11. Political Economy Research Institute, “Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls,” available from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/death_tolls.pdf (accessed April 9, 2008).
12. “Peace Treaty and Principles of Interrelation between Russian Federation and Chechen Republic Ichkeria,” May 12, 1997, available from Incore: International Conflict Research, http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds/agreements/casia.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
13. “Khasavyourt Joint Declaration and Principles for Mutual Relations,” August 31, 1996, available from Incore: International Conflict Research, http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds/agreements/casia.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
14. “Agreement on a Firm and Lasting Peace,” December 29, 1996, available from Incore: International Conflict Research, http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds/agreements/latin.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
15. Political Economy Research Institute, “Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls,” available from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/death_tolls.pdf (accessed April 9, 2008).
16. Political Economy Research Institute, “Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls,” available from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/death_tolls.pdf (accessed April 9, 2008).
17. “Peace Agreement between the Government of Sierra Leone and the Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone,” July 7, 1999, available from the United States Institute of Peace, http://www.usip.org/library/pa/sl/sierra_leone_07071999.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
18. “Peace Agreement between the Government of Sudan and South Sudan United Democratic Salvation Front (UDSF),” April 21, 1997, available from Incore: International Conflict Research, http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds/agreements/africa.html (accessed April 7, 2008).219
19. “The Northern Ireland Peace Agreement,” April 10, 1998, available from the United States Institute of Peace, http://www.usip.org/library/pa/ni/nitoc.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
20. “Peace Treaty and Principles of Interrelation between Russian Federation and Chechen Republic Ichkeria,” May 12, 1997, available from Incore: International Conflict Research, http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds/agreements/casia.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
21. Ruth Gidley, “Crisis Profile: Death and Displacement in Chechnya,” Reuters AlertNet, November 8, 2005, http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/iii997274494.htm (accessed April 9, 2008).
22. “Peace Agreement between the Government of Sierra Leone and the Revolutionary United Front,” July 7, 1999, available from the United States Institute of Peace, http://www.usip.org/library/pa/sl/sierra_leone_07071999.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
23. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, as quoted in “Guatemala: Global IDP Figures” by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/(httpEnvelopes)/EE4DEA6CC40B5692802570B8005A7316?OpenDocument (accessed January 22, 2008).
24. United States Institute of Peace, “Truth Commissions Digital Collection,” http://www.usip.org/library/truth.html#guatemala (accessed January 22, 2008).
CHAPTER 2. THE OSLO ROLLER COASTER: A MIXED MODEL
1. “Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization Agreement,” September 13, 1993, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/isrplo.htm (accessed March 27, 2008).
2. “The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip,” September 28, 1995, available from the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://www.israel.org/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/THE%20ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN%20INTERIM%20AGREEMENT (accessed March 27, 2008).
3. Taylor and Francis Group, The Middle East and North Africa 2003, 49th edition (London: Europa Publications, 2002), p. 598.
4. “Reactions to Arafat’s Reference to Jihad and Jerusalem,” May 17, 1994, available from the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Archive/Speeches/REACTIONS%20TO%20ARAFAT-S%20REFERENCE%20TO%20JIHAD%20AND%20JERUS (accessed April 7, 2008).220
5. “Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area,” May 4, 1994, available from the Jewish Virtual Library, http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/gazajer.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
6. “Gaza-Jericho Agreement Annex IV: Protocol on Economic Relations between the Government of the State of Israel and the PLO, Representing the Palestinian People,” April 29, 1994, available from the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Gaza-Jericho%20Agreement%20Annex%20IV%20-%20Economic%20Protoco (accessed January 22, 2008).
7. World Bank and UN data.
8. BBC, “Jewish Settler Kills 30 at Holy Site,” February 25, 1994, available from the BBC News archive, http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/25/newsid_4167000/4167929.stm (accessed January 22, 2008).
9. Clyde Haberman, “Israeli Ministers Debate Evictions of Jews in Hebron,” New York Times, March 7, 1994, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C00E5D61E3AF934A35750C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all (accessed January 22, 2008).
CHAPTER 3. PARTICIPATORY PEACE AND GLOCALIZATION
1. Political Economy Research Institute, “Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls,” available from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/death_tolls.pdf (accessed April 9, 2008).
2. United Nations Development Programme, “Human Development Report 2007/2008, 10: Survival: Progress and Setbacks, Infant Mortality Rate,” http://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/91.html (accessed April 9, 2008).
3. Human Rights Watch, “Child Soldiers,” http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/crp/index.htm (accessed January 22, 2008).
4. World Bank, “World Development Indicators 2007,” http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0„contentMDK:21298138~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html (accessed April 9, 2008).
5. Charlotte Denny, “Cows are Better Off than Half the World,” The Guardian, August 22, 2002, http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldsummit2002/earth/story/o„777663,00.html (accessed April 9, 2008).
6. United Nations Development Programme, “Human Development Report 2007/2008, 6: Commitment to Health: Resources, Access and Services, Health Expenditure Per Capita,” http://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/52.html (accessed April 9, 2008).221
7. World Bank, “World Development Indicators 2007,” http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0„contentMDK:21298138~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html (accessed April 9, 2008).
8. C. J. L. Murray, G. King, A. D. Lopez, N. Tomijima, and E. G. Krug, “Armed Conflict as a Public Health Problem,” British Medical Journal, February 9, 2002, 324 (7333), pp. 346-349.
9. World Bank, Development Education Program, http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/economic/gnp/print.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
10. Pew Global Attitudes Project, “America Admired, Yet Its New Vulnerability Seen as Good Thing, Say Opinion Leaders,” 2003, http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?PagelD=58 (accessed January 22, 2008).
11. UN-Habitat, “Urbanization: Facts and Figures,” http://ww2.unhabitat.0rg/istanbul+5/backn.d0c (accessed April 9, 2008).
12. UN-Habitat, “State of the World’s Cities 2006/7,” http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=3397&catid=7&typeid=46&subMenuId=0 (accessed April 9, 2008).
13. CERFE and Glocal Forum, “City to City Cooperation Cost-Effectiveness,” June 2005, www.glocalforum.org/mediagallery/mediaDownload.php?mm=/warehouse/documents/c2cce.pdf (accessed April 9, 2008).
14. Tamela Hultman, “Africa: Rome Concert Launches a Movement, Says Quincy Jones,” May 19, 2004, http://allafrica.com/stories/200405190001.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
CHAPTER 5. PEACEBUILDING
1. Alessandra Sulzer, “The Business of Cooperation: Peace and Profit through Joint Ventures,” Harvard International Review 23 (Summer 2001), http://www.harvardir.org/articles/912/1/ (accessed January 22, 2008).
CHAPTER 6. CREATIVE DIPLOMACY
1. Quoted in Ned Hermann, The Whole Brain Business Book (New York: McGraw Hill Professional, 1996).
CHAPTER 7. THE PEACE BAROMETER
1. Andrew C. Revkin, “A New Measure of Well-Being from a Happy Little Kingdom,” New York Times, October 4, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/science/04happ.html?pagewanted=all. (accessed January 22, 2008).222
CHAPTER 8. PEACEMAKERS
1. Nissan Oren, Anatomy of Leadership (Israel: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1974).
2. Sarah Anderson and John Cavanagh, “Report on the Top 200 Corporations,” Institute for Policy Studies, December 2000, summary at http://www.corporations.org/system/topioo.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
CHAPTER 10. NEGOTIATION
1. Jan Steinbeck, one of Sweden’s most famous and brilliant entrepreneurs, created a global media and telecommunications empire. I cofounded the Glocal Forum with Jan to advance intercity relations. Tragically, he passed away in 2002.
CHAPTER 11. THE PEACE TREATY
1. “General Peace Agreement for Mozambique,” October 18, 1991, available from the United States Institute of Peace, http://www.usip.org/library/pa/mozambique/mozambique_1131991_p2.html#p2-01 (accessed January 29, 2008).
2. Fred Kaplan, “Who Disbanded the Iraqi Army?,” Slate, September 7, 2007, http://www.slate.com/id/2173554/ (accessed January 22, 2008).
CHAPTER 14. PEACE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN: WHAT WILL IT TAKE?
1. Diogenes Laertius, The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, trans. C. D. Yonge (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), available from Peitho’s Web, http://www.classicpersuasion.org/pw/diogenes/dldiogenes.htm#cite (accessed January 22, 2008).
2. Abdelwahad Biad, “A Strategy for Conflict Prevention and Management in the Mediterranean,” Journal of CIDOB International Affairs 37: Stability and Conflict in the Mediterranean, 1999.
CHAPTER 15. CITIES AND YOUTH
1. “Memorandum of Understanding,” 2005, available from the Glocal Forum, http://glocalforum.existhost.com/gf/New_Glocal_Website/downloads/MOU_GlocalForum_World%20Bank.pdf (accessed April 9, 2008).
2. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, “World Heritage List,” 2006, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list (accessed January 22, 2008).
CHAPTER 16. HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE EDUCATION
1. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” December 1948, available from the United Nations, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html (accessed January 22, 2008).223
CHAPTER 17. JOINT ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND TOURISM VENTURES
1. Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, 2006-2007, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
2. “Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution,” February 16, 1976, available from the United Nations Environmental Programme, http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/regions/med/t_barcel.htm (accessed January 22, 2008).
3. Jennifer LeClaire, “Former NASA Chief Architect Brad Hines on Solar Power’s Comeback,” Technology News Online, November 24, 2006, http://www.technewsworld.com/story/54375.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
4. “Hydrogen Fuel: Information about Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology,” Alternative Energy News, http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/hydrogen-fuel (accessed January 22, 2008).
5. David Faiman, “Solar Energy for the Promotion of Stability in the Mediterranean Basin” (Tel Aviv: Peres Center for Peace, 2005).
6. Moti Kaplan, “The Mediterranean Environment Situation and Principles for Sustainable Development: Regional and Environmental Planning” (Tel Aviv: Peres Center for Peace, 2005).
7. For more information, see the United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Web site, http://www.unepmap.org (accessed January 22, 2008).
8. For more information, see the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Web site, http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/euromed/index.htm (accessed January 22,2008).
CHAPTER 18. BORDERS, SECURITY, AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
1. “United Nations Security Council Resolutions Relating to the Middle East,” available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/unres.htm (accessed March 27, 2008).
2. Foundation for Middle East Peace, “Jerusalem’s Population, 1967-2003,” Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories 15 (March-April 2005), http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/stats_data/jerusalem/jerusalems_population_1967-2003.html (accessed January 22, 2008).
3. “Signatures of Partnership for Peace Framework Document,” available from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, http://www.nato.int/pfp/sig-cntr.htm (accessed January 22, 2008).224
4. “Charter of the United Nations,” June 26, 1945, available from the United Nations, http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter (accessed March 27, 2008).
5. “UN Security Council Resolutions,” available from the United Nations, http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_resolutionso4.html (accessed March 27, 2008).
6. “UN Security Council Resolution 1701,” available from the United Nations, http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=s/res/1701 (2006) (accessed March 27, 2008).
CONCLUSION: A NEW VISION FOR 2020
1. Freedom House, “Freedom in the World 2008: Selected Data from Freedom House’s Annual Global Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties,” http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=70&release=612 (accessed January 22, 2008).
2. Peres Center for Peace, 2020 Visions of the Future (Tel Aviv: Author, 2005).