Panos Matsinopoulos

Practical Test Automation

Learn to Use Jasmine, RSpec, and Cucumber Effectively for Your TDD and BDD

1st ed.
Panos Matsinopoulos
KERATEA, Greece
ISBN 978-1-4842-6140-8e-ISBN 978-1-4842-6141-5
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6141-5
© Panos Matsinopoulos 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Dedicated to my wife, Matina

Introduction

Part of developing an application is writing a set of automated tests. In fact, you should write them first, before the core code of your application. These tests function as a specification of the requirements of your application – what your application should be doing. They also function as a documentation of what your application is doing. In other words, they play a very important role, both before the actual implementation and after you deliver your application to your end users. And they have to be automated, that is, to be executed by a computer, not by a human.

Do you have the tools to write the automated tests, in such a way that they will cover both of these two needs, the specification of the requirements and the documentation of your application?

Absolutely yes!

And this book is all about it. It covers a series of such tools, both for the front-end developer and the back-end developer. And it follows a very practical approach. You develop a project, and you do it the right way: TDD and BDD, that is, Test-Driven and Behavior-Driven Development.

Moreover, although it is presenting its material using specific tools, the techniques that you learn can be applied to any other test automation tool that you might happen to work with.

Audience

This book is aimed at developers who know JavaScript and Ruby and want to improve their test-writing skills.

Contents of This Book

  • Chapter 1, “Introduction to Jasmine”: This chapter introduces you to Jasmine, a very popular JavaScript testing framework.

  • Chapter 2, “Advanced Jasmine”: This chapter continues your level-up on Jasmine by presenting its more advanced features.

  • Chapter 3, “Using Minitest”: In this chapter, you learn about minitest. This tool is the usual tool a Ruby developer writes their first automated tests with.

  • Chapter 4, “Introduction to RSpec”: In this chapter, you learn about RSpec, a very popular Ruby testing framework.

  • Chapter 5, “Useful RSpec Tools”: In this chapter, you continue to learn about the tools that RSpec is offering to you. RSpec is very feature rich.

  • Chapter 6, “Introduction to Cucumber”: In this chapter, you are introduced to BDD with Cucumber and Gherkin.

  • Chapter 7, “Advanced Cucumber": In this chapter, you learn more advanced Cucumber techniques and develop a bigger project.

Conventions Used in This Book

This book has the following typographical conventions:
Constant width
It is used inside code snippets and listings and to indicate variables, functions, types, parameters, objects, and other programming, coding-related constructs.
Constant width in Bold

It is used inside code snippets and listings to indicate the code parts that you need to pay more attention to.

$

The symbol $ is used to denote an Operating System shell prompt, that is, where you should type a command that will be executed by your Operating System. For example, if you work with a Mac OS, you can open a terminal and type the command that follows this symbol.

Using Code Listings

All the code listings of this book are available for download at https://github.com/Apress/practical-test-automation .

Table of Contents
Chapter 1:​ Introduction to Jasmine 1
Learning Goals 4
Introduction 4
Download 5
A New JavaScript Project 5
Setting Up Jasmine 7
Write Your First Dummy Spec 10
describe 12
it 12
expect 12
Start Your Application Implementation:​ Test-Driven Development (TDD) 13
More Specs 21
Refactoring 30
TDD Flow 31
Jasmine Matchers 32
Setup and Teardown 33
Nesting describe Blocks 36
Disabling Suites and Pending Specs 40
Tasks and Quizzes 41
Key Takeaways 43
Chapter 2:​ Advanced Jasmine 45
Learning Goals 46
Stubbing and Mocking 46
Stubbing with Jasmine 47
Mocking with Jasmine 53
Stubbing and Mocking As Testing Tools 61
Task Details 61
Key Takeaways 62
Chapter 3:​ Using Minitest 63
Learning Goals 63
Introduction 64
First Unit Test 64
TDD:​ Test-Driven Development 65
Verify That You Can Run the Test Suite 65
Test Real Requirements 68
Red Light 69
Make the Test Better 73
Make Them Green 79
assert_​nil 84
Refactor 84
Running a Single Test 86
seed 86
Multiple Files 87
Using rake 92
Require All Files of Your Project 93
RubyMine Integration 96
Minitest:​ Other Assert Commands 104
Task Details 105
Key Takeaways 107
Chapter 4:​ Introduction to RSpec 109
Learning Goals 109
Introduction 111
New Project 111
rspec Version 113
Initialize RSpec 114
RSpec Configuration 114
Inside the spec Folder 118
Describing 118
Sanity Check 120
Documentation Formatter 123
Let’s Write a Real Specification 124
Run and Watch That Fail and Then Fix It 127
Sharing Setup Code 134
before Hook 137
Helper Methods 139
Share with let 141
Context 141
Running Specific Examples 144
RubyMine Integration 151
Task Details 156
Key Takeaways 157
Chapter 5:​ Useful RSpec Tools 159
Learning Goals 159
Hooks 160
before(:​suite) 160
before(:​all) 167
before(:​example) or Simply before 173
after Hooks 173
Multiple Hooks 173
subject 173
Extending RSpec with Helper Methods in Modules 181
Metadata 186
described_​class 187
Custom Metadata 188
Filtering 192
Tasks and Quizzes 193
Quiz 193
Task Details 193
Key Takeaways 198
Chapter 6:​ Introduction to Cucumber 199
Learning Goals 199
Introduction 200
The Project and Cucumber Installation 200
cucumber Executable 202
Let’s Initialize 203
Let’s Invoke cucumber 205
Write Your First Scenario 206
Defining Steps (with Pending Implementation) 209
Implement the First Step 211
Implement the Second Step 214
Implement the Third Step 217
Implementing the Feature in Application Code 218
Introduce One More Scenario 219
Proper Implementation to Support Any Addition 223
Removing Duplication with Scenario Outlines 224
RSpec Integration 226
Add rspec in Gemfile 227
Use RSpec Matchers 228
Task Details 228
Key Takeaways 229
Chapter 7:​ Advanced Cucumber 231
Learning Goals 231
Introduction 232
Gherkin Keywords 232
Feature 233
Background 234
Scenario 235
And, But, and * 237
Scenario Names and Description 237
Scenario State 238
Data Tables 238
Spoken Languages 242
Which Languages?​ 242
Specify the Language of a Feature File 243
Localization of Gherkin Keywords 243
A More Extensive Example 244
Initialize the Project 244
Gemfile 244
Initialize Cucumber 245
The Feature File 245
Undefined Steps 246
Implementing the First Step 248
Implementing the Second Step 251
Implementing the Third Step 253
Implementing the Fourth Step 259
Scenario Outline 263
Some Rooms Are Not Available 266
Increase Your Confidence with Some Extra Examples 275
RSpec and Unit Tests 277
Rest of the Feature 281
Cucumber Command Line 281
Dry Run 281
Invoking a Single Feature 284
Invoking a Single Scenario 285
Tags 291
Hooks 298
Doc Strings 307
Cucumber and RubyMine Integration 308
Task Details 309
Key Takeaways 309
Index 311
About the Author
Panos Matsinopoulos
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loves developing programs, both for web browsers and for mobile apps. He has been doing that for the last 25 years and has developed numerous applications. He also loves writing books, blogging, and teaching computer programming. He has organized a lot of programming classes for kids, adults, and elderly people. You can read more about him on his LinkedIn profile (www.linkedin.com/in/panayotismatsinopoulos ) and find him on Twitter (@pmatsino).

 
About the Technical Reviewer
Alexander Chinedu Nnakwue
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has a background in mechanical engineering from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, and has been a front-end developer for over 3 years working on both web and mobile technologies. He also has experience as a technical author, writer, and reviewer. He enjoys programming for the Web, and occasionally, you can also find him playing soccer. He was born in Benin City and is currently based in Lagos, Nigeria.

 
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