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End User License Agreement
by Norman P. Lieberman
Process Engineering Beginner's Guide
Cover
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
Other Books By Norman Lieberman
Introduction
Part I
Chapter One: Process Operations & Design
Increasing Cooling Water Flow Thru an Elevated Condenser or Cooler
Hot Vapor By-Pass Pressure Control
Stalling a Thermosyphon Reboiler
Optimizing Fractionator Pressure
Adjusting Steam Turbine Speed to Minimize Steam Consumption
Steam Condensate Drainage from Reboilers Blowing Condensate Seal
Effect of Reflux on Fractionator Top Temperature
Centrifugal Pump Head Vs. Flow Performance Curves
Condensate Back-Up in Condensers-the Effect of Sub-Cooling
Distillation Tray Downcomer Back-Up and Liquid Flooding
Effect of foam on Level Indication in Distillation Towers
Split Liquid Levels in Vertical Vapor - Liquid Separators
Optimizing Excess Air in a Fired Heater to Minimize Fuel Consumption
Distillation Tray Dumping or Weeping with Valve Cap Tray Decks
Fired Heater - Tube Failures
Low Air Flow in a Fin Fan Forced Draft Air Cooler
Measuring Air Flow For an Aerial Fin Fan Aerial Cooler
Measuring Cooling Tower Efficiency Approach to Wet Bulb Temperature
Adjusting Heater Stack Damper for Optimum Energy Efficiency
Preventing Tray Dumping by Use of Bubble Cap Trays
Demister Fouling in Vapor-Liquid Seperator Vessels
Effect of Temperature on Liquid Level Indication
Draw-Off Nozzle Capacity Limits
On-Stream Repair of Tube Leaks in Surface Condenser
When Are Vortex Breakers Required?
Naphtha Injection to Centrifugal Compressor
Internal Overflow from Total Trap-Out Chimney Tray
Vacuum Ejector – Loose Steam Nozzle
Effect of Tramp Air Leaks on Heater Efficiency
Effect of a Single Fouled Tray
Steam Turbine – Surface Condenser Outlet Temperature
Water Accumulation in Turbine Case
Chapter Two: Crude Distillation
How to Adjust Pumparound Flows
How Top Reflux Rate Affects Flooding on Top Trays
Desalter - Adjusting Mix Valve Pressure Drop
Causes of Tray Deck Fouling
Minimizing Flash Zone Pressure
How to Adjust Bottoms Stripping Steam Rate
Overhead Condenser Corrosion
On-Line Spalling of Crude Pre-Heat Exchangers
Effect of Reflux on Overhead Accumulator Temperature
Removing Trays from Pre-Flash Towers
Total Trap-Out Chimney Tray
Side Draw-Off Limitations
Packed Towers
Rules of Thumb for Packed Towers
Controlling Ago Draw-Off Rate
Filming Amine Plugs Overhead Vapor Line
Stripping Tray Pressure Drop Profile
Protecting Crude Tower Stripping Trays from Damage Due to Water in Steam
Chapter Three: Engineering Basics
Draft in Fired Heaters
Turbine Exhaust Surface Condenser Outlet Temperature
Adjusting Steam Turbine to Save Steam
Distillation Tray Downcomer Seal
Bernoulli’s Equation
Properties of Steam
Measuring Flows
Head Loss in pipelines
Irene Explains Horsepower
Refrigeration
Packed Towers Vs. Trayed Towers
Condensing Steam Turbine Exhaust
Maximizing Lmtd in Heat Exchangers
Chapter Four: Routine Refinery Operating Problems
Pump Bearings Lubrication
Pressure Measurement Problems in Vapor Lines
Negative Pressure Drops
Coked-Up Thermowells
Centrifugal Compressor Surging
Commisioning Steam Turbine
Refrigeration Systems
Seal Pan Drain Hole
Measuring Steam Flow Without a Steam Meter
Air Leak on Suction of Cooling Water Pump
Chapter Five: Refinery Safety
Auto-Ignition of Hydrocarbons
Failure of Mechanical Pump Seals
Sampling Tar Safely
Dangers of Iron Sulfides
H2S Fatalities
Fired Heater – Positive Pressure
Refinery Explosions & Fires
Flooding Fire Box with Fuel
Routing Relief Valves to the Flare
Isolating Equipment with Gate Valves
Explosive Limit of Hydrogen
Climate Change
Danger of Carbon Steel Piping Spool Pieces
Screwed Connections
Dangers of Steam Deaerators
Connecting Steam Hose to Hydrocarbon System
Process Vessel Collapse Under Vacuum During Start-Up
Acid Gas K.O. Drum
Safety Note
Part II
Chapter Six: Pitfalls in Computer Modeling
Basis for Process Engineering Calculations
Underlying Assumptions in Distillation Technology
Tray Fractionation Efficiency
Heat Exchanger Train Performance
Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop
Packed Towers
Air Coolers
Fired Equipment
Piping Systems
Centrifugal Pumps – NPSH
Rotating Equipment
Summary
References
Value of a Chemical Engineering Degree to the Process Engineer in a Refinery
Chapter Seven: Latent Heat Transfer
Propane-Butane Splitter Reboiler
Heat Flux Limitations
Chapter Eight: Hydraulics
Fluids Other Than Water
Rotational Energy
Pressure Drop Through an Orifice
Effect of Fluid Density on Orifice Pressure Drop
Head Loss in Piping
Factor Affecting Orifice Coefficients
Compressible Fluids
Chapter Nine: Air Coolers
Measuring Air Flow
Air Recirculation
Vane Tip Clearance Problems
Cleaning Tube Bundle
Effect of Fouling on Reverse Air Flow
Effect of Adding Rows of Tubes
Changing Fan Blade Tips & Speed
Slipping Belts
Air Humidification
Induced Draft Fans
Chapter Ten: Extracting Work from Steam
An Isentropic Expansion
Steam Turbines
The Potential Energy of Steam
Condensing Steam at Low Pressure
The Meaning of Entropy
The Norm Lieberman Refinery Troubleshooting Seminar Video Presentation
Index
End User License Agreement
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Process Engineering: Facts, Fiction, and Fables
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