- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents at a Glance
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- About the Author
- Acknowledgments
- We Want to Hear from You!
- Reader Services
- Part I: The Basics
- Lesson 1. Getting Started
- A Brief History of C++
- Programming a C++ Application
- What’s New in C++20?
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 2. The Anatomy of a C++ Program
- Parts of the Hello World Program
- Preprocessor Directive #include
- The Body of Your Program: main()
- The Concept of Namespaces
- Comments in C++ Code
- Functions in C++
- Basic Input Using std::cin and Output Using std::cout
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 3. Using Variables, Declaring Constants
- What Is a Variable?
- Common Compiler-Supported C++ Variable Types
- Determining the Size of a Variable by Using sizeof()
- Automatic Type Inference Using auto
- Using typedef to Substitute a Variable’s Type
- What Is a Constant?
- Keywords You Cannot Use as Variable or Constant Names
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 4. Managing Arrays and Strings
- What Is an Array?
- Multidimensional Arrays
- Dynamic Arrays
- C-Style Character Strings
- C++ Strings: Using std::string
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 5. Working with Expressions, Statements, and Operators
- Statements
- Compound Statements, or Blocks
- Using Operators
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 6. Controlling Program Flow
- Conditional Execution Using if...else
- Getting Code to Execute in Loops
- Modifying Loop Behavior Using continue and break
- Programming Nested Loops
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 7. Organizing Code with Functions
- The Need for Functions
- Using Functions to Work with Different Forms of Data
- How Function Calls Are Handled by the Microprocessor
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 8. Pointers and References Explained
- What Is a Pointer?
- Dynamic Memory Allocation
- Common Programming Mistakes When Using Pointers
- Pointer Programming Best Practices
- What Is a Reference?
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Part II: Fundamentals of Object-Oriented C++ Programming
- Lesson 9. Classes and Objects
- The Concept of Classes and Objects
- The Keywords public and private
- Constructors
- Destructor
- The Copy Constructor
- Different Uses of Constructors and the Destructor
- The this Pointer
- Using sizeof() with a Class
- The Keyword struct and Its Differences from class
- Declaring a friend of a class
- Union: A Special Data Storage Mechanism
- Using Aggregate Initialization on Classes and structs
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 10. Implementing Inheritance
- Basics of Inheritance
- Private Inheritance
- Protected Inheritance
- The Problem of Slicing
- Multiple Inheritance
- Avoiding Inheritance Using final
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 11. Polymorphism
- Basics of Polymorphism
- Using Virtual Inheritance to Solve the Diamond Problem
- Using the Specifier override to Indicate the Intention to Override
- Using final to Prevent Function Overriding
- Virtual Copy Constructors?
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 12. Operator Types and Operator Overloading
- What Are Operators in C++?
- Unary Operators
- Binary Operators
- The Function Operator (())
- The Move Constructor and Move Assignment Operator for High-Performance Programming
- User-Defined Literals
- Operators That Cannot Be Overloaded
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 13. Casting Operators
- The Need for Casting
- Why C-Style Casts Are Not Popular with Some C++ Programmers
- The C++ Casting Operators
- Problems with the C++ Casting Operators
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 14. An Introduction to Macros and Templates
- The Preprocessor and the Compiler
- Using the Macro #define to Define Constants
- Using #define to Write Macro Functions
- An Introduction to Templates
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Part III: Learning the Standard Template Library (STL)
- Lesson 15. An Introduction to the Standard Template Library
- STL Containers
- STL Iterators
- STL Algorithms
- Interaction Between Containers and Algorithms Using Iterators
- Choosing the Right Container
- STL String Classes
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 16. The STL String Class
- The Need for String Manipulation Classes
- Working with the STL String Class
- Template-Based Implementation of an STL String
- operator “"s in std::string
- Using std::string_view (Amended in C++20)
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 17. STL Dynamic Array Classes
- The Characteristics of std::vector
- Typical Vector Operations
- Understanding the Concepts of Size and Capacity
- The STL deque Class
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 18. STL list and forward_list
- The Characteristics of std::list
- Basic list Operations
- Reversing and Sorting Elements in a List
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 19. STL set and multiset
- An Introduction to STL Set Classes
- Basic STL set and multiset Operations
- Pros and Cons of Using STL set and multiset
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 20. STL map and multimap
- An Introduction to STL Map Classes
- Basic std::map and std::multimap Operations
- Supplying a Custom Sort Predicate
- STL’s Hash Table–Based Key/Value Container
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Part IV: Lambda Expressions and STL Algorithms
- Lesson 21. Understanding Function Objects
- Function Objects and Predicates
- Typical Applications of Function Objects
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 22. Lambda Expressions
- What Is a Lambda Expression?
- How to Define a Lambda Expression
- A Lambda Expression for a Unary Function
- A Lambda Expression for a Unary Predicate
- A Lambda Expression with State via Capture Lists ([...])
- A Lambda Expression for a Binary Function
- A Lambda Expression for a Binary Predicate
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 23. STL Algorithms
- What Are STL Algorithms?
- Classification of STL Algorithms
- Usage of STL Algorithms
- C++20 Constrained Algorithms
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 24. Adaptive Containers: Stack and Queue
- The Behavioral Characteristics of Stacks and Queues
- Using the STL stack Class
- Using the STL queue Class
- Using the STL Priority Queue
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 25. Working with Bit Flags Using the STL
- The bitset Class
- Using std::bitset and Its Members
- The vector<bool> Class
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Part V: Advanced C++ Concepts
- Lesson 26. Understanding Smart Pointers
- What Are Smart Pointers?
- How Are Smart Pointers Implemented?
- Types of Smart Pointers
- Popular Smart Pointer Libraries
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 27. Using Streams for Input and Output
- The Concept of Streams
- Important C++ Stream Classes and Objects
- Using std::cout for Writing Formatted Data to the Console
- Using std::cin for Input
- Using std::fstream for File Handling
- Using std::stringstream for String Conversions
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 28. Exception Handling
- What Is an Exception?
- What Causes Exceptions?
- Implementing Exception Safety via try and catch
- Throwing Exceptions of a Type by Using throw
- How Exception Handling Works
- Class std::exception
- A Custom Exception Class Derived from std::exception
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 29. C++20 Concepts, Ranges, Views, and Adaptors
- Concepts
- The Ranges Library, Views, and Adaptors
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 30. C++20 Threads
- Multithreading
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Lesson 31. C++20 Modules and C++23
- Modules
- C++23 Expected Features
- Learning C++ Doesn’t Stop Here!
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Part VI: Appendixes
- Appendix A. Working with Numbers: Binary and Hexadecimal
- Decimal Numeral System
- Binary Numeral System
- Hexadecimal Numeral System
- Converting to a Different Base
- Appendix B. C++ Keywords
- Appendix C. Writing Great C++ Code
- Appendix D. ASCII Codes
- ASCII Table of Printable Characters
- Appendix E. Answers
- Answers for Lesson 1
- Answers for Lesson 2
- Answers for Lesson 3
- Answers for Lesson 4
- Answers for Lesson 5
- Answers for Lesson 6
- Answers for Lesson 7
- Answers for Lesson 8
- Answers for Lesson 9
- Answers for Lesson 10
- Answers for Lesson 11
- Answers for Lesson 12
- Answers for Lesson 13
- Answers for Lesson 14
- Answers for Lesson 15
- Answers for Lesson 16
- Answers for Lesson 17
- Answers for Lesson 18
- Answers for Lesson 19
- Answers for Lesson 20
- Answers for Lesson 21
- Answers for Lesson 22
- Answers for Lesson 23
- Answers for Lesson 24
- Answers for Lesson 25
- Answers for Lesson 26
- Answers for Lesson 27
- Answers for Lesson 28
- Answers for Lesson 29
- Answers for Lesson 30
- Answers for Lesson 31
About the Author
Siddhartha Rao is the vice president in charge of product security at SAP SE, the world’s most trustworthy supplier of enterprise software and cloud services. A software engineer at heart, Siddhartha is convinced that the rapid evolution of C++ has powered this age of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Using C++20, you can program simpler yet more powerful applications than ever before. In authoring this book, Siddhartha has taken care to ensure that this book’s nearly 300 compiling code examples are accompanied by detailed analysis of how they work.
Siddhartha looks forward to your comments, reviews, and feedback!
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