Chapter 10

1.   Peter Lyons and James Manor, eds. Transfer and Transformations: Political Institutions in the New Commonwealth. (Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press, 1983).

2.   Robert Goodin, ed. The Theory of Institutional Design. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

3.   ICSSR-CSDS-India Today poll: The Maturing of Democracy, India Today, 31 August 1996, p. 40.

4.   Supreme Court of India Judgement, Vineet Narain vs Union of India, 18 December 1997.

5.   An earlier generation of India analysts had stressed this aspect: For example, W. H. Morris-Jones, The Government and Politics of India (London: Hutchinson University Library, 1964).

6.   Institutions, their roots, sources of their decline and other such issues have been subject of much analysis. For example, Sudipta Kaviraj, ‘On the Crisis of Political Institutions in India’. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 8 (2) (1984); Partha Chatterji, The Nation and Its Fragments (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994); Satish Sabharwal, Roots of Crisis: Interpreting Contemporary Indian Society (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1996).

7.   For details see Max Zins, Strains on Indian Democracy: Reflections India's Political and Institutional Crisis (New Delhi: ABC Publishing House, 1988).

8.   The ‘use’ and ‘misuse’ of State structures and institutions like the bureaucracy and the police are elaborated upon in the report of the Shah Commission.

9.   M. S. A. Rao and Francine Frankel, eds. Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of Social Order (Vols. I and II). (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990-1991).

10. Ashis Banerjee, ‘Federalism and Nationalism’. In Nirmal Mukherji and Balveer Arora, eds. Federalism in India: Origins and Development (Delhi: Konark Publishers, 1992).

11. T. V. Satyamurthy, ed. Region, Religion, Caste, Gender and Culture in Contemporary India (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995).

12. See articles in Atul Kohli, ed. India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986).

13. Paul Brass, ‘Pluralism, Regionalism and Decentralising Tendencies in Contemporary Indian Politics’. In A. Jayaratnam and Denis Dalton, eds. The States of South Asia: Problems of National Integration (Delhi: Vikas Publishing, 1982).

14. Zoya Hasan, ‘Region and Nation in India's Politics of Transition’. In Ian Copland and John Rickard, eds. Federalism: Comparative Perspectives from India and Australia (New Delhi: Manohar, 1999).

15. Balveeer Arora, Regional Aspirations and National Cohesion: Federal Coalitions in the 1998 Lok Sabha Elections’. In S. C. Chaube and Susheela Kaushik, eds. Indian Democracy at the Turn of the Century (New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers, 1999). pp. 37-58.

16. E. Sreedharan, ‘Principles, Power, and Coalition Politics in India: Lessons from Theory, Comparison and Recent History’. In D. D. Khanna and Gert W. Kueck, eds. Principles, Power and Politics (New Delhi: Macmillan, 1999), pp. 270-290.

17. John Huber, ‘How Does Cabinet Instability Affect Political Performance? Portfolio Volatility and Health Care Cost Containment in Parliamentary Democracies. American Political Science Review, 92 (3) (1998): pp. 577-591.

18. Times of India, 21 August, 1997.

19. Samuel Paul and M. Vivekananda, Holding a Mirror to the New Lok Sabha (Bangalore: Public Affairs Centre, 2004), pp. 2, 3,10.

20. A. Surya Prakash, What Ails Indian Parliament? An Exhaustive Diagnosis (New Delhi: Indus, 1995).

21. Times of India, 3 December 1996.

22. For a detailed analysis, See Upendra Baxi, ‘Judicial Activism, Legal Education and Research in Globalising India—I, II, III, Annual Capital Foundation Lecture, Mainstream, 24 February, 2 and 9 March, 1996.

23. The Times of India, 31 October 2000.

24. The Times of India, 12 December 1995.

25. Social Watch India, Citizens Report on Governance and Development (New Delhi: National Social Watch Coalition, 2004): pp. 64-65.

26. N. C. Saxena, ‘How Have the Poor Done? Mid-term Review of Ninth Plan’. Economic and Political Weekly, XXXV (41) (2000): pp. 3627-3630.

27. Sunday (30 November to 6 December 1997) quotes examples from Bihar.

28. For this analysis and some interesting remarks by some Prime Ministers about bureaucracy, see David Potter, ‘The Prime Minister and the Bureaucracy’. In James Manor, ed. Nehru to the Nineties: The Changing Office of Prime Minister in India (London: Hurst and Co., 1994), pp. 74-93.

29. The Hindustan Times, 21 March, 1997.