NOTES

Preface

1. Pope Francis, “Why the Only Future Worth Building Includes Everyone,” filmed April 2017, TED Talk, 17:52, posted April 2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/pope_francis_why_the_only_future_worth_building_includes_everyone?language=en.

Introduction

1. Héctor Tobar, Deep Down Dark: The Untold Stories of 33 Men Buried Alive in a Chilean Mine, and the Miracle That Set Them Free (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014), 58.

2. Pope Francis, Laudato Si’: On Care for Our Common Home, encyclical letter, The Holy See, May 24, 2015, http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html, 41.

3. Martin Luther King, Jr., Strength to Love, spec. ed. (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2010), 58.

4. Amy Sonnie and James Tracy, Hillbilly Nationalists, Urban Race Rebels, and Black Power: Community Organizing in Radical Times (New York: Melville House, 2011), 26–27.

5. Olga Khazan, “Why Are So Many Americans Dying Young?” Atlantic, December 13, 2016.

6. Charles Payne, I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 93.

7. Patterson et al., Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High, 2nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011).

8. Brian D. Christens, “Tips on Building a Broad Base of Engaged and Empowered Volunteers,” Center for Nonprofits, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Fall 2011, https://sohe.wisc.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/ChristensBuildingaBaseofEngagedEmpoweredVolunteers.pdf.

9. Thank you to Joy Cushman for this framework.

Chapter 2

1. Douglas S. Massey, Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007), 1.

2. Michael K. Honey, Going Down Jericho Road: The Memphis Strike, Martin Luther King’s Last Campaign (New York: Norton, 2008).

3. Martin Luther King, Jr., “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” (speech, Masonic Temple, Memphis, TN, April 3, 1968), American Rhetoric, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm.

4. Martin Luther King, Jr., “Our God Is Marching On” (speech, Montgomery, AL, March 25, 1965), Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/our-god-marching.

5. Thomas Piketty, Capital in the 21st Century (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014).

6. Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The Case for Reparations,” Atlantic, June 2014.

7. Ian Haney López, Dog Whistle Politics: How Coded Racial Appeals Have Reinvented Racism and Wrecked the Middle Class (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).

8. Lisa McGirr, Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right, 2nd ed. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015).

9. Gerald Mayer, Union Membership Trends in the United States, Congressional Research Service, August 31, 2004, 23; and Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Union Members Summary,” news release, January 26, 2017, www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm.

10. Kenneth Vogel, “How the Koch Machine Rivals the GOP,” Politico, December 30, 2015, http://www.politico.com/story/2015/12koch-brothers-network-gop-david-charles-217124.

11. Jane Mayer, “State for Sale: A Conservative Multimillionaire Has Taken Control in North Carolina, One of 2012’s Top Battlegrounds,” New Yorker, October 10, 2011, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/10/10/state-for-sale.

12. Paul Hodgson, “Top CEOs Make More Than 300 Times the Average Worker,” Fortune, June 22, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/06/22/ceo-vs-worker-pay/.

13. Piketty, Capital in the 21st Century, 447.

14. Ibid., 485.

15. Ibid., 747.

16. Michael Powell, “Blacks in Memphis Lose Decades of Economic Gains,” New York Times, May 30, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/economy/31memphis.html?_r=0.

17. Rakesh Kochhar and Richard Fry, “Wealth Inequality Has Widened along Racial, Ethnic Lines Since End of the Great Recession,” Pew Research Center, December 12, 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/.

18. Jamiles Lartey, “By the Numbers: US Police Kill More in Days Than Other Countries Kill in Years,” Guardian, June 9, 2015.

19. See Loic Wacquant, Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009).

20. “Trends in U.S. Corrections,” fact sheet, Sentencing Project, updated June 26, 2017, http://www.sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections.pdf.

21. Half in Ten, “Americans with Criminal Records,” Sentencing Project, http://www.sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Americans-with-Criminal-Records-Poverty-and-Opportunity-Profile.pdf.

22. Verlyn Klinkenborg, “The Prophet,” New York Review of Books, October 24, 2013.

23. “IMF Survey: Counting the Cost of Energy Subsidies,” International Monetary Fund, July 17, 2015, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2015/NEW070215A.htm.

24. Naomi Klein, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014), 25.

25. Pope Francis, Laudato Si’, 49.

26. Ibid., 59.

27. Thank you to Simon Greer for this point.

Chapter 3

1. Tobar, Deep Down Dark, 58.

2. Michael Walzer, Exodus and Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 1986), 149.

3. Henry David Thoreau, Walden (Seattle: Amazon Classics, 2017), 62.

4. Frederick Douglass, “West India Emancipation” (speech, Canandaigua, New York, August 3, 1857).

5. Margaret Mead, used by permission of the Institute for Intercultural Studies, http://www.interculturalstudies.org.

6. Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2015), 97.

7. Jerry Wurf, quoted in Honey, Going Down Jericho Road, 483.

8. “What Is Priming?” Psychology Today, accessed September 1, 2017, https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/priming.

9. Eleanor Drago-Severson, Helping Teachers Learn: Principal Leadership for Adult Growth and Development (Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin, 2004).

Chapter 4

1. Yuval Noah Harari, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (New York: HarperCollins, 2011), 21.

2. Christens, “Tips on Building a Broad Base.”

3. Ziad W. Munson, The Making of Pro-life Activists: How Social Movement Mobilization Works (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).

4. Marshall Ganz, “Why Stories Matter,” Sojourners 38, no. 3, March 16, 2009.

5. Paul VanDeCarr, “Interview with Marshall Ganz on ‘Public Narrative,’” Working Narratives, November 26, 2014, http://workingnarratives.org/interview-with-marshall-ganz-on-public-narrative/.

6. “Population Change and Distribution, 1990 to 2000,” Census 2000 brief, US Census Bureau, April 2001, 7.

7. Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy, Philadelphia in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000 (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), 59–60.

8. Research for Democracy, Blight Free Philadelphia: A Public-Private Strategy to Create and Enhance Neighborhood Value (Philadelphia: Temple University Center for Public Policy, October 2011), 15.

9. “The Clinton Presidency: Historic Economic Growth,” The White House, January 2001, https://clintonwhitehouse5.archives.gov/WH/Accomplishments/eightyears-03.html.

10. Alicia Garza, “A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement,” Feminist Wire, October 7, 2014, http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/.

Chapter 5

1. Steve Gladen, “The Saddleback Small Group Difference: The Core Philosophy of the Purpose-Driven Small Groups Movement,” SmallGroups.com, http://www.smallgroups.com/articles/2008/saddleback-small-group-difference.html?paging=off.

2. Ibid.

3. Marissa D. King and Heather A. Haveman, “Antislavery in America: The Press, the Pulpit, and the Rise of Antislavery Societies,” Administrative Science Quarterly 53, no. 3 (2008): 494.

4. Ibid., 495.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. Theda Skocpol, Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003), 123–124.

8. Theda Skocpol, “The Tocqueville Problem: Civic Engagement in American Democracy,” Social Science History 21, no. 4 (1997): 473.

9. Ibid., 476.

10. Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 157.

11. Lawrence Goodwyn, The Populist Moment: A Short History of the Agrarian Revolt in America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981), x.

12. Ibid., xix.

13. Ibid., xxiv.

14. Patrick Lencioni, The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002), 195.

15. Ethics of the Fathers, 1:14.

16. Lencioni, The Five Dysfunctions, 198.

17. Elizabeth Perle McKenna and Hahrie Han, Groundbreakers: How Obama’s 2.2 Million Volunteers Transformed Campaigning in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), 132–135.

18. Ibid., 132–135.

19. Scott Mainwaring, The Catholic Church and Politics in Brazil: 1964–1985, Kellogg Institute Working Paper #98, August 1987, 7.

20. Ibid., 11–12.

21. Ibid., 3.

22. Tina Rosenberg, “To Beat Back Poverty, Pay the Poor,” New York Times, January 3, 2011, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/03/to-beat-back-poverty-pay-the-poor/?_r=0.

Chapter 6

1. Payne, I’ve Got the Light of Freedom, 158.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid., 171.

4. Jane F. McAlevey, No Shortcuts: Organizing for Power in the New Gilded Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).

5. Payne, I’ve Got the Light of Freedom, 155.

6. Ibid., 5.

7. Ibid., 106.

8. Thank you to Steve Kest for explaining the organizing that helped launch the Fight for $15.

9. Paul W. Speer and Joseph Hughey, “Mechanisms of Empowerment: Psychological Processes for Members of Power-Based Community Organizations,” Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology 6 (August 1996): 177–187.

10. Meredith Rolfe, Voter Turnout: A Social Theory of Political Participation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).

11. Donald P. Green and Alan S. Gerber, Get Out the Vote: How to Increase Voter Turnout (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2015).

12. Carola Frediani, “How Tech-Savvy Podemos Became One of Spain’s Most Popular Parties in 100 Days,” Tech President, August 11, 2014, http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/25235/how-tech-savvy-podemos-became-one-spain%E2%80%99s-most-popular-parties-100-days.

13. Skocpol, Diminished Democracy, 24.

14. Jesse Graham, Executive Director, Maine People’s Alliance, personal communication with the author, March 6, 2017.

15. This framework is adapted from the Management Center’s SMART goals; see Allison Green and Jerry Hauser, Managing to Change the World: The Nonprofit Manager’s Guide to Getting Results (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012), 39–45.

Chapter 7

1. Putnam, Bowling Alone, 165.

2. Ibid., 38–44.

3. Ibid., 38.

4. Brian D. Christens and Paul W. Speer, “Contextual Influences on Participation in Community Organizing: A Multilevel Longitudinal Study,” American Journal of Community Psychology 47, no. 3–4 (2011): 253–263.

5. Andrew Martin, “For the Jobless, Little U.S. Help on Foreclosure,” New York Times, June 4, 2011.

6. John Gaventa, Power and Powerlessness: Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982), 208–209. Gaventa takes the idea of “limit acts” from Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed (New York: Continuum, 2005), 99.

7. “Contra Costa Community Celebrates Massive Investment in Alternatives to Incarceration: CCC to Invest $4.035 Million in Employment, Housing and Services,” news release, accessed September 1, 2017, http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs188/1102195177321/archive/1112168302605.html.

8. “California Proposition 47, Reduced Penalties for Some Crimes Initiative (2014),” Ballotpedia, accessed September 1, 2017, https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_47,_Reduced_Penalties_for_Some_Crimes_Initiative_(2014).

9. Jane Jacobs, The Economy of Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 2000), 209–210.

10. Payne, I’ve Got the Light of Freedom, 127 (paraphrasing Robert Moses).

11. Ganz, Marshall. Why David Sometimes Wins: Leadership, Organization, and Strategy in the California Farm Worker Movement (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 8.

12. Ibid., 10.

13. This is a key framework taught by Joy Cushman and the New Organizing Institute.

14. Frances Fox Piven, Challenging Authority: How Ordinary People Change America (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008).

Conclusion

1. Tré Goins-Phillips, “Former Obama Staffer: The President Has Been Misusing This MLK Quote,” Blaze, January 16, 2017, http://www.theblaze.com/news/2017/01/16/former-obama-staffer-the-president-has-been-misusing-this-mlk-quote/.

2. Goodwyn, The Populist Moment, x.

3. Seth Godin, The Dip (New York: Penguin, 2007), 16.

4. Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America (New York: Nation Books, 2016), 585.