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NOTES

Introduction: Cancer and Monopoly

1. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/10/opinion/big-business-consumer-prices.html

2. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/the-average-middleclass-family-in-the-us-is-spending-5000-more-a-year-than-it-should-economist-165256882.html

3. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/09/11/ms-monopoly-female-inventor-lizzie-magie/

4. https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/10/business/reagan-s-antitrust-explosion.html

5. https://www.vitacost.com/blog/food-nutrition/nutrition/how-is-soil-depletion-affecting-your-food.html

6. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/12/06/archives-president-teddy-roosevelts-new-nationalism-speech

7. https://oll.libertyfund.org/quotes/367

Part One: America Was Founded on Resistance to Monopoly

1. I wrote far more extensively about this in my book Unequal Protection: How Corporations Became “People”—and How You Can Fight Back (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2010) and have used some of the text from that book in this chapter.

2. George R. T. Hewes, A Retrospect of the Boston Tea-Party, With a Memoir of George R. T. Hewes, a Survivor of the Little Band of Patriots Who Drowned the Tea in Boston Harbour in 1773 (Franklin Classics, 2018).

3. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (London: Strahan & Cadell, 1776).

4. Thomas Jefferson, Delphicomplete Works of Thomas Jefferson (Hastings, East Sussex, UK: Delphiclassics, 2019).

5. Jefferson, Delphicomplete Works of Thomas Jefferson.

6. Jefferson.

7. Jefferson.

8. Jefferson.

9. Jefferson.

10. Bill of Rights Institute, Federalist Papers No. 10, https://billofrightsinstitute.org/founding-documents/primary-source-documents/the-federalist-papers/federalist-papers-no-10/.

11. Alexandre Koyré, “An Unpublished Letter of Robert Hooke to Isaac Newton,” Isis 43, no. 4 (December 1952), 312–37.

12. press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/a1_8_8s12.html

13. Thomas Jefferson, letter to Isaac McPherson, written from New York, June 27, 1790 (from the author’s collection).

14. Details are in Circular 15a, Duration of Copyright, and Circular 1, Copyright Basics, https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ15a.pdf and https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ01.pdf.

15. James Willard Hurst, The Legitimacy of the Business Corporation in the Law of the United States 1780–1970 (Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2004).

16. https://www.delawareinc.com/blog/new-delaware-companies-2017/

17. Wisconsin Laws, Section 4479a (Sec. I, ch. 492, 1905).

Part Two: Conservatives and Modern Monopolies vs. the Middle Class

1. https://www.theacp.org/2013/08/13/fusce-nec-odio-elit-ininterdum-velit/

2. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1805350?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

3. http://buzzflash.com/commentary/john-kenneth-galbraiths-the-great-crash-of-1929--thom-hartmanns-independent-thinker-review

4. https://equitablegrowth.org/u-s-income-inequality-persists-amid-overall-growth-2014/

5. http://drinkamerican.us/who-owns-what-beers/

6. https://www.cbinsights.com/research-top-food-and-beverage-brands

7. https://panam1901.org/visiting/salaries.htm

8. http://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1900?amount=449.80

9. http://jaysonlusk.com/blog/2016/6/26/the-evolution-of-american-agriculture

10. https://www.npr.org/2014/01/27/267145552/the-middle-class-took-off-100-years-ago-thanks-to-henry-ford

11. https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/03/04/the-story-of-henry-fords-5-a-day-wages-its-not-what-youthink/#3e9cbe7f766d

12. https://www2.census.gov/prod2/popscan/p60-039.pdf

13. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1952/demo/p60-009.html

14. http://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1950?amount=3000

15. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1971/demo/p60-78.html

16. https://www.epi.org/productivity-pay-gap/

17. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/04/17/these-ceos-make-1000-times-more-than-their-employees/39350499/

18. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2017/acs/acsbr16-02.pdf

19. https://www.epi.org/productivity-pay-gap/

20. Ibid.

21. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/A053RC1Q027SBEA

22. https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/A053RC1Q027SBEA

23. http://www.industrialrevolution.org/10-hours-movement.html

24. Hansard House of Commons Debates vol. 60: cc100–2, 7 February 1842, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1842/feb/07/poor-law-factory-regulations

25. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/may-19-1869-proclamation-establishing-eight-hour-workday

26. Richard Borshay Lee, The !Kung San: Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979).

27. Marshall Sahlins, Stone Age Economics (Aldine Press, 1994).

28. I wrote far more extensively about this in my book The Crash of 2016 (Twelve Books, 2014, out of print), and have used some of the text of that book, updated and revised, in this chapter.

29. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,835128,00.html

30. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/10/08/first-time-history-us-billionaires-paid-lower-tax-rate-than-working-class-last-year/

31. http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/Scheidel2009.pdf

32. A facsimile is shown here: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=powellmemo

33. Jack Anderson, “Powell’s Lesson to Business Aired,” Washington Post, September 28, 1972.

34. Ibid.

35. Ibid.

36. ReclaimDemocracy.org, “The Powell Memo,” http://reclaimdemocracy.org/powell_memo_lewis/

37. Ibid.

38. Ibid.

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

41. Ibid.

42. Ibid.

43. Ibid.

44. https://www.publicpower.org/public-power

45. https://www.wsj.com/articles/pg-e-knew-for-years-its-lines-could-spark-wildfires-and-didnt-fix-them-11562768885

46. https://www.kqed.org/news/11737336/judge-pge-paid-out-stock-dividends-instead-of-trimming-trees

47. https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/pge-underground-power-lines-cost-14503808.php

48. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/analysis-clouds-over-hawaiis-roofto/

49. Ibid.

50. https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/reclaiming_public_services.pdf

51. Thomas J. DiLorenzo, “The Myth of Natural Monopoly,” Review of Austrian Economics 9, no. 2 (1999), https://mises.org/library/myth-natural-monopoly-0

52. Mark Ames, “When Congress Busted Milton Friedman (and Libertarianism Was Created by Big Business Lobbyists),” NSFWCorp, November 16, 2012, https://www.nsfwcorp.com/dispatch/milton-friedman/

53. Ibid.

54. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/22/surprised-about-mark-zuckerbergs-secret-meeting-with-trump-dont-be

55. I wrote far more extensively about this in my book Screwed: The Undeclared War on the Middle Class (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2007) and have used some of the text of that book in this chapter.

56. Marc Bloch, Feudal Society, trans. L. A. Manyon (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961).

57. Ibid.

58. Ibid.

59. https://ips-dc.org/billionaire-bonanza/

60. https://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2017/10/17/forbes-400-2017-americas-richest-people-bill-gates-jeff-bezos-mark-zuckerberg-donald-trump/#3d844895ed53

61. John C. Weicher, “The Distribution of Wealth in America, 1983–2013,” Hudson Institute, January 31, 2017, https://www.hudson.org/research/13095-the-distribution-of-wealth-in-america-1983-2013

62. https://www.usinflationcalculator.com

63. https://www.census.gov/const/uspricemon.pdf

64. https://www.ey.com/en_us/public-policy/what-is-behind-the-decline-in-public-companies

65. Jonathan Tepper, The Myth of Capitalism: Monopolies and the Death of Competition (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2019).

66. http://www.janeeckhout.com/wp-content/uploads/RMP.pdf

67. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6170097/

68. Barak Orbach, “Was the Crisis in Antitrust a Trojan Horse?” Antitrust Law Journal 79, no. 3 (2014), https://orbach.org

69. Brian Doherty, “The Economist and the Dictator: Just What Is the Connection Between Milton Friedman and Augusto Pinochet?” Reason, December 15, 2006, https://reason.com/archives/2006/12/15/the-economist-and-the-dictator

70. https://www.commondreams.org/views/2018/10/27/neoliberalism-and-fascism-stealth-connection

71. https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5243&context=fss_papers

72. https://www.statista.com/statistics/828283/market-share-of-footwear-brands-us/

73. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/433/36/

74. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2327364

75. https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/08/01/mackenzie-bezos-now-officially-worlds-third-richest-woman/#a7090aa4d81f