Contents

Preface

Author

 1 Introduction

The Aim of This Book

Who Will Be Interested in This Book?

New Business Startups

Government Assistance for New Businesses

Success Stories

Out of Acorns Giant Oaks Grow

eBay and PayPal

Starbucks

Panasonic

Apple

 2 So You Want to Run Your Own Business

Why Are You Setting Up a Business?

Viagra

Evolution

Unemployment

You Can Do It Better

A Eureka Moment

The Post-it Note

Velcro

Technological Developments

Developing an Idea

Vanity

You Want to Be Rich

What Is Your Business Going to Do?

Unique Selling Point

Where Should You Set Your Business Up (Both Virtually and Actually)?

When Should You Start Your Business?

Who Should You Go into Business With?

The Dasslers

Work as a Team

What Should You Call Your Business?

 3 How Do You Start?

The Business Plan

Create a Brand, Logo and Business Design

Sole Trader, Limited Company or Partnership?

Sole Trader

Limited Company (Incorporation)

Partnerships

Budgeting and Cash Flow

Pricing and Costings

 4 Buying and Selling a Business

Is the Price Right?

Value‑Added Tax on a Transfer of a Business

How Should You Finance the Purchase?

Crowdfunding

Tax Issues to Consider

What Records Should You Inspect?

Buying a Franchise

How Will the Purchase of a Business Affect Your Tax Bill?

Is the Business Right for You or Should You Consider the Alternatives?

Is the Split of the Purchase Price Right?

Should You Form a Limited Company to Buy a Business?

Selling the Business

Selling an Incorporated Business

UK Enterprise Investment Schemes

Enterprise Investment Scheme

Capital Gains Tax Deferral Relief

Inheritance Tax (IHT) Exemption

Seed Enterprise Scheme

SEIS Reinvestment Relief and Capital Gains Tax Relief

 5 Staffing

Setting Wage Levels

Staff Pensions

Self-Employed Subcontractors

The National Minimum Wage

Employment Legislation

Employers’ Liability

Staff Management

Staff Relationships

Statutory Maternity, Paternity, Adoption and Shared Parental Pay

Statutory Sick Pay (SSP)

Redundancy Pay

The Gig Economy

Contracts of Employment

Pro Forma Employment Contract

Pro Forma Freelance Agreement

 6 Taxes and VAT

Income Tax

Tax on Dividends

Optimum Tax Planning for Directors on Low Earnings

Corporation Tax

Example of Tax Planning Exercise

Year One

Year Two

Year Three

Value‑Added Tax

Current VAT Rates

Capital Gains Tax

Capital Gains Tax Basic Rules

Capital Gains Tax Rates and Bands

Capital Gains Tax for People Non-Domiciled in the UK

Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED)

Stamp Duty Land Tax

Entrepreneurs’ Relief

Capital Allowances

National Insurance

Inheritance Tax

Agricultural Relief

 7 Accounts

Why Do You Need to Prepare Accounts?

What Accounting Records Do You Need to Keep?

Bookkeeping and Management Accounts

What Do the Accounts Look Like?

Income

Expenses

What Level of Profit Will You Make?

What Should You Do to Protect Your Income?

Tax Enquiries

The Balance Sheet

Fixed Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill Valuations

Property

What Type of Property Is Best for Your Business?

Freehold or Leasehold: Should You Buy or Rent?

Sale and Leaseback of Property and Gearing

Who Should Own the Property?

Do You Need a Property Ownership Agreement?

How Do You Finance or Refinance the Property?

Negative Equity and Valuations

Basis of Valuation

Life Insurance and Endowments

Critical Illness and Health Insurance

Fixtures and Equipment

Motor Vehicles

Current Assets

Stock

Debtors

Credit Card Facilities

Debtors (Work in Progress and Prepayments)

Cash at Bank and in Hand

Current Liabilities

Long-Term Liabilities

Purchase of Assets and Equipment: Cash, Hire Purchase or Lease?

Annual Percentage Rate

Working Out the Leasing Deal APR

Excessive APRs on Payday Loans

Net Assets

Funding of Business Accounts

Capital Accounts

Current Accounts

Drawings and the Payment of Tax

Accountants

How Do You Find a Good Accountant?

What Should You Expect from Your Accountant?

Legal Advisors

Solicitors, How Do You Find a Good One?

What Should You Expect from Your Solicitor?

The Annual Review Meeting

 8 Promoting Your Business

The Business Website

Return on Investment

Mailings

E-mail Campaigns

Social Media

Blogging

Press Releases

Advertising

Subcontract Web Content

Sponsorship and Publicity Stunts

Organize Contests or Free Gifts

Joint Marketing

Other Marketing Methods

Geo-Marketing

Impulse Buying

Push and Pull Marketing

Discounts

Networking

 9 Now You’ve Got a Successful Business: What’s the Next Step?

Extra Outlets

Franchising

Fine-Tuning the Business

Cost Cutting

Reviewing Sales Promotions and Marketing Campaigns

 10 How It Can Go Horribly Wrong

Major Reasons for Insolvencies

Other Reasons for Failure

Insolvency and Liquidators

Voluntary Arrangements

Draft Example of a Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) Proposal

Introduction (Rule 1.3(1))

Proposals (Rule 1.3(2))

Secured Creditors

Preferential Creditors

Deferred Creditors

Unsecured Creditors

Associated Creditors

Alterations to the Proposal (Rule 1.3(3))

Realization of Assets

Index to Appendices

Schedule 1

Schedule 2

Schedule 3

Schedule 4

Schedule 6

Schedule 7

Register of Charges

The Process of Insolvency

Outcomes Other than Voluntary Arrangements

Examples of Disasters

Indications of Poor Performance

Wrongful and Fraudulent Trading

Chasing Sales

 11 Retirement and Succession

Passing the Business on to the Family upon Death or Retirement

Retirement and Pensions

Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs)

Pensions

Increase in the State Pension Age

Annuities

Income Drawdown

Annuities Explained Further

Drawdown Explained Further

Tax Relief on Pension Contributions

Different Types of Pensions

Financial Advisors

NEST

Old Pensions

What Is the Best Retirement Date?

Investing in Someone Else’s Business: What to Expect

What Are You Looking for from the Investment?

How Much to Invest?

The Pros and Cons of Investing in Privately Owned Businesses

 12 Essentials to Take Away

The Customer Should Always Come First

Personal Complaints Line

Be the Best

Incorporate

It’s a Team

Don’t Have a Plan B

It’ll Work… Think Positively

Don’t Ever Assume Things

Attention to Detail

React to Change

Don’t Ignore the Financials

Do It for Yourself

Take Advice

Get Insured

Start Your Pension Early

What Makes a Successful Business?

Business Plan

Index

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