360 degree feedback method; See Multipoint, multirater, 360 degree assessment/feedback
A
Absentee leaders, 334
Abstract reasoning, developmental stages, 54
Absurd(ity), existentialist concepts, 168, 172
Acceptance, Rogerian approach, 105, 114–115
Accommodation process, Piaget model, 37
Accuracy, standardized tests, 17
Accurate empathic understanding, 105, 107, 109, 114, 128
Achievement
emotional intelligence models, 221
leader traits, 320
leadership modes, 330
Action
emotional intelligence models, 221
existentialist guidelines for coaching, 169–170
Action plan
behavioral approach to coaching, 95–96
field theory, 177
Action stage of change, 3
Adaptability
emotional intelligence, 222, 230
testing, 230
and leadership, 337
derailment, causes of, 334
factors in success, 335
ADHD, 294
Adjustment, 183
Adjustment disorder, 303
Adult Attachment Interview, 46
Adult attachment model, 48
Adult development, xl–xli; See also Developmental psychology and adult development
Affect, 236
Affiliative leaders, 329
Agenda of executive, coaching for, 349–350
Agentic tendencies, gender differences, 265
Aggression, 63–64; See also Defense mechanisms
Ainsworth, M. S., 46
Alchemist, 330
Alexithymia, 213
Alic, M., 34
Allen, T., 97
Allport, G., 176
Alsop, R., 261
Altemeyer, R., 191
Alternatives, illusion of, 198
Ambiguity, intentional, 206–207
Ambition
female executive issues, 274, 280
and leadership derailment, 334
narcissistic leaders, 299
Ambivalence, client, 73
American Psychological Association Code of Conduct, 353
Anal stage, Freud’s psychosexual model, 35, 36
Analytical thought, hypnotic communication and, 198, 208
Anchoring, 183
Anderson, M. Z., xxiii
Anderson, W. T., xxx
Anger management, 319
Annis, B., 259
Antecedent–behavior–consequent (ABC) chart, 95, 96
Antisocial personality disorder, 295, 296–297
Anxiety
existentialist guidelines for coaching, 170
intelligence, factors in, 213
punishment and, 86
and addictive behaviors, 304
Anxious–ambivalent–preoccupied attachment style, 47, 48
Aouizerate, B., 302
Appearance, 349
assessment, 25
business culture, xl
female executives, 275
hypnotic communication, 199
social psychology, 192
somatoform disorders, 302
Araoz, D. L., 197
Arbitrary inference, 123
As-if, 207
Asch, S., 176
Assertiveness, xxxvi, 93, 156, 165, 299
emotional intelligence, 223, 225
emotional intelligence models, 223, 225
leadership theories, 309–310, 318
social psychology, 189
cognitive approaches to coaching, 127
determinants of coaching success, 28–29
emotional intelligence, 185, 192–193, 225–232
feedback and goal setting, 27–28
historical developments and standardized tests, 5–7
leadership, 310
direct observation of behavior, 15–16
formal objective assessment instruments, 16–22; See also Standardized tests
multipoint, multirater, 360
steps in coaching process, xxxv
content skills, 26
intrapersonal and self-management skills, 25–26
leadership skills, 26
vision, 27
video feedback, 92
Assimilation process, Piaget model, 37
Athletic coaches, xxix, 241–256
agreed-upon principles, 252–253
awareness, 255
curiosity and confusion, 253
goal setting, 253
innocence, 252
love, fun, and work, 254
patience, 254
communication, trust, integrity, 251–252
defeat, learning from, 250–251
individual approaches, 245–246
playing against oneself, 246–247
visualization/guided imagery, 248
gender differences in competing styles, 262
situational aspects of performance, 324
Attention
active listening, 109
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, 7
roles, 147
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 294
Attention-seeking behavior, 87, 89
Attitudes
client
determinants of coaching success, 28
existentialist approach, 171
first interview with client, 14
hypnotic communications, 197–198
psychometric testing considerations, 20–21
reinforcement, individual differences, 88–89
resistance, 73
video feedback, 248
coach
confidentiality issues, 22
Rogerian person-centered approach, 106–107
self-observation, 15
toward IQ concept, 215
Attributes, EI construct problems, 233
Attributions, 198
Audio recording, feedback, 98
Austrian, S. G., 50
Authenticity
existentialist guidelines for coaching, 171–172
female executives, 275
Rogerian person-centered approach, 104–105, 111, 114
Authoritarian personality, 175, 191
Authority
leadership theories, contingency models, 324
marketing coaching services, 384
psychodynamic view, 72
Authority figures
developmental psychology and adult development, 56
obedience studies, 175–176, 189
Autocratic leadership, 175, 312, 313, 326
Automatic thoughts, 120
Availability heuristic, 182, 186
Avoidant personality disorder, 295, 300
Awareness, xlii
athletic coach advice, 255
disclosure feedback model of, 10
emotional intelligence
tests of, 231
Axelrod, R., 186
Ayman, R., 326
B
Babiak, P., 332
Bagboy, R. M., 213
Balance
athletic coaching themes, 243–244
female executives, 278
Bandura, A., 83
Banks, C., 176
Barnum effect, 28
Bar-On, R., 211, 215, 223–224, 226, 230–231
Barrett, W., 162
Bartholomew, K., 48
Bastas, E., 177
Bateson, G., 139
Baumgarten, P., 260, 264, 272, 279
Bearded soldier stage, 331
Beauvoir, Simone de, 260
Beavin, J. H., 197
Beckett, S., 169
Behavior
assessment
process observation checklist, 154
benefits of coaching, xxxiv
cognitive approaches to coaching, 127, 135
emotional intelligence, coaching considerations, 236
existentialist approach, 162, 165, 167, 169
field theory, 177
gender differences, 262; See also Women
hypnotic communication; See Hypnotic communications
leadership theories
toxic leadership, 332
psychodynamic approach, utility of, 60–61
social intelligence, 213
systems thinking and family therapy models, 142–143, 158
Behavior disorders
referral for therapy, xxxvii
Behavior-distorting defenses, 66–68
Behavior modification, organizational (O.B. Mod), 83
leadership definitions, 312
myths and misconceptions, 96–97
principles, reinforcement, 84–90
intrinsic and extrinsic, 84–85
Premack principle, 89
stimulus control versus, 90
successive approximations and shaping, 89–90
principles, social learning, 91–93
principles, stimulus control, 90
strengths and weaknesses, 97–98
Behavioral cues, social learning, 91–92
Being right, 124
Bell Curve, The (Herrnstein & Murray), 216
Benefits, of coaching, xxxiii
Bennis, W., 307, 309, 331, 337, 345
Berra, Y., 242
Bertalanffy L. von, 139
Big Five personality factors, 6, 231, 318–319
Billick, B., 242, 246, 249, 254
Binet, Alfred, 5
Biographical interviewing, 51
Bipolar disorder, 291
Biraben-Gotzamanis, L., 302
Bisanz, G. L., 189
Blame
distorted thinking styles, 124
female executive issues, 273, 281
leadership
narcissistic leaders, 299
successful leaders, 319
Theory X, 313
systems approach mechanisms, 142–143, 157
Blevins, W., 146
Block, P., 172
Body dysmorphic disorder, 302
Body-kinesthetic intelligence, 214
Boeree, C. G., 38
Borderline personality disorder, 295, 297–298
Boundaries, ethical issues, 365–367, 370
Bourne, A., 28
Bowen, M., 150
Boyatzis, R., 215, 220, 226, 229–230, 235
Brand, S., 144
Briggs, K. C., 7
Brody, N., 215
Brown, K. W., 308
Bry, A., 248
Bryant, Kobe, 252
Bully, leadership categories, 334
Burger, J., 189
Burns, J. M., 311
Buros Center for Testing, 20, 229
Business/business culture, 357–358
competitiveness, xxxviii–xxxix
transition to coaching, 375–376, 387–388
language/vocabulary/ terminology, 377–378
speed, 376
Busybody leaders, 334
C
Campion, M. A., 8
Cancellation policy, 15
Cancellations, 73
Career goals, female executives, 274
Career plan, female executives, 281
Career transitions, counselors; See Transition to coaching
Carli, L. L., 260, 261, 262, 264, 266, 282
Carlson, J., 147
Carroll, M., 356
Carroll, P., 254
Carr-Rufino, N., 272
Caruso, D., 211, 216, 217, 226, 228–229
Castelbaum, K., 177
Catastrophizing, 123
Cathartic images, 204
Cattell, R., 6
Center for Creative Leadership, xxiv–xxv, 109, 334, 348
Certification, coaching, 384
Change
athletic coach advice, 253–254
benefits of coaching, xxxiii
choosing models, 188
emotional intelligence models, 221, 223
fallacy of, 124
female executives and, 276
hypnotic communication, 197, 198
leadership definitions, 311, 312
leader traits, 346
objectives/goals of coaching; See Goals, coaching
perseverance effect, 183
systems thinking and family therapy models, 143–145
Change (Watzlawick), 203
Channeling, sublimation, 63–64
Charan, R., xxiv
Charisma/charismatic leaders, 184, 337
manager qualities, 345
problems associated with, 333–334
Chemers, M. M., 323, 326, 327, 338
Chen, C. M., 303
Cherniss, C., 220
Choices
cognitive dissonance and, 180
existentialist approach, 162, 170–171
guidelines for coaches, 169
hypnotic communication, 198
Circular (reciprocal) determinism, 139
Circularity, systems thinking and family therapy models, 142, 158–159
Citrenbaum, C., 163
Ciulla, J. B., 311
Clarity
athletic coaching themes, 251, 252–253
coaching benefits, 350
leadership theories, 309–310, 323, 325
Clarke, N. S., 234
Classical conditioning, 82
Client
coach–client organization triangle, 150–151
concept of, xxxviii
redefining, 157
Client–coach interaction/relationship
counseling versus coaching cultures, 386–387
psychodynamic approach, 77
Rogerian approach, 107, 108–109
transference and countertransference, 73–74
Client list, 383
Coachability, change readiness, 3
Coaching
defining, xxxi
Coaching leaders, 329
Coates, T., 84
Codes, gender, 281
Coercion, 190
Cognition, social, 180
Cognitive abilities, and intelligence, 212–213
disputing problem thinking, 130–131
factors in success, 132
new thinking, replacement of problem thinking with, 131
problem definition based on data, 128–129
reinforcement of new thinking, 131–132
imagery, 126
packaging cognitive therapy, 134–135
strengths and weaknesses of approach, 133
theory, 120
Cognitive development stages, Piaget, 37–38
Cognitive ruts, 183
Cohen, B., 271
Collaboration
emotional intelligence models, 219, 222
leadership definitions, 311
Theory Y, 313
Commercial sources for assessment instruments and products, 20, 21
Commitment
client
determinants of coaching success, 28
Rogerian person-centered approach, 112
coach
existentialist guidelines, 170
interpersonal influence, 187
emotional intelligence models, 221
Communal tendencies, women, 265
Communication/communication skills
client
coaching benefits, xxxvi
coaching effectiveness, 388
direct behavioral observation, 16
family therapy model, 155
gender differences, 274
social defenses, 69
coach
and feedback, 128
hypnotic, 197; See also Hypnotic communications
intentional ambiguity, 206–207
psychoanalytic training and, 78
soft skills, 102
emotional intelligence models, 221, 222
leadership theories
charismatic leader characteristics, 317
leader qualities, 347
Community, female executives and, 275
Comparisons, hypnotic communication, 200
Compensation, defense mechanisms, 64
Competencies
athletic coaching themes, 245
emotional intelligence, 220, 223, 230
transition to coaching, 382
Competition
business culture, xxxviii–xxxix
counseling versus coaching cultures, 357–358
gender differences in competing styles, 262, 263
Competitive advantage, coach, 380
Complaining, help-rejecting, 67, 68
Complete Guide to Consulting Contracts, The (Holtz), 359
Compliance, social psychology, 189–191
Compulsive behaviors
addictions, 304
Conceptual model, emotional intelligence, 222
Concrete operational stage, 37–38
Concrete reasoning, stages of development, 54
Concurrence-seeking behavior/groupthink, 180–181
Conditioning, operant, 82
Conditioning agent, organization as, 93
Confidence; See Self-confidence
discussion topics for first interview with client, 14
dissemination of assessment information, 2
guidelines, 10
survey information data, 12–13
coaching versus therapy, xxxviii, xxxix
ethical issues, 361, 362–364, 370
marketing coaching services, 387
Conflict
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
emotional intelligence models, 221
existentialist concepts, 167–168, 171
psychodynamic approach, utility of, 61
Conflicts of interest, 368
Conformity
groupthink and Abilene paradox, 180–181
schemas and effects of expectations, 181–182
social psychology, 176
Confrontation, existentialist approach, 167–168, 171
Conger, J. A., 309
Consensus, groupthink and Abilene paradox, 180–181
Consent, ethical issues, 364–365
Consequence management, 90; See also Reinforcement
Consequences
modeling processes, 91
Consistency, interpersonal influence, 187
Constructivism, 196
Constructs, 198
Consultative leader, 327
Consulting, xxxi
Conte, J. M., 234
Contemplation stage of change, 2, 4
Content skills, 26
Contexts
existentialist concepts, 165
existentialist view, 162
hypnotic communication, 197
reframing, 206
situational leadership, 322
functional analysis, 95
Premack principle, 89
substitutes for leadership, 326
Contingency theory
normative decision theory, 326–327
situational leadership, 322
social psychology, 184
Continuous process improvement (kaizen), 216
Contracting, coach–client organization triangulation, 151
Contracts, 359
transition to coaching, 387–388
Contrarian’s Guide to Leadership, The (Sample), 337
Control
existentialist approach, 167–168
managers and, 344
self-management; See Self-control/self-management/selfregulation
Theory X and Theory Y, 313
Control fallacy, 124
Control issues
behaviorism, 97
Rogerian person-centered approach, 108
Controllers, leadership categories, 334
Conversion, 67
Cooke, L., 266
Cooper, C. L., 321
Cooper, R., 102
Cooperation, xli
Big Five personality factors, 319
psychodynamic view, 71
Coping, 223
Coping images, 203
Core competency, coach, xxvi–xxvii, 379–383
Core covenant, athletic coach advice, 252
Corey, G., 62
Corporate culture; See Culture, organizational
Corrective images, 203
Cost effectiveness of coaching, 382
Côté, M., 144
Coughlin, L., 279
Counsilman, J., 253
Country Club managerial style, 314–315
Coutu, D., xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, xxviii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxix, xl, 2, 3, 8, 13, 16, 22, 28, 249, 355, 356, 359, 361, 362, 367, 383
Covert operant, 121
Covert rehearsal, 92
Covey, S., 102
Cox, C. J., 321
Craighead, W., 83
Cramer, P., 62
Critical analytical thought, hypnotic communication and, 198, 208
Criticism, gender differences, 268–269
Cultural biases
and EI test performance, 229
Culture, business; See Business/business culture
Culture, organizational
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
determinants of coaching success, 28
female executives and, 275
marketing coaching services, 384
social defenses, 69
substitutes for leadership, 326
Curiosity, 253
Cycles/stages, organizational, 151–152
Czander, W. M., 62
D
Damasio, A., 216
Darou, W. G., 138
Data; See also Standardized tests
behavioral approach to coaching, 94, 96
cognitive approaches to coaching, 127–129, 135
field theory, 177
Davidson, A., 264
Davison, G., 123
DCPs; See Dysfunctional communication patterns (DCP)
de Beauvoir, S., 260
De Pree, Max, 146
Deception, 190
Decision making
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
existentialist view, 173
groupthink and Abilene paradox, 180–181
leadership theories, 330
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, 7
Decision style, 326
Defeat, learning from, 250–251
Defection, 185
Defense mechanisms, 77
assessment, 13
behavioral expressions/distortions, 66–68
existentialist guidelines for coaching, 170
reality-distorting, 66
Rogerian therapist characteristics and, 105
social defenses, 69
Deford, Frank, 242
DeHann, R. F., 177
Deliverables, coaching contract, 387
Demand for coaching services, 381
Democratic leadership style, 312–313
achievement drive and, 329
decision style, 327
Dependent personality disorder, 295, 300
Depressive distortions, 122, 123
Descartes’ Error (Damasio), 216
Desvaux, G., 260, 264, 272, 279
Determinism, circular/reciprocal, 139
Developmental action logic, 330–331
Developmental coaching, 286, 349, 350
Developmental psychology and adult development, 33–57
Erikson’s psychosocial stages, 38–44
Freud’s psychosexual stages, 35–36
Gould and Levinson stages, 50–53
implications for coaching, 56–57
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, 37–38
psychodynamic view, 72
Developmental stages of leaders, 331–332
Devillard-Hoelliger, S., 260, 264, 272, 279
Dewey, J., 211
Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 63, 286
DiClemente, C. C., 2
Diedrich, R., 108
Differences, 111
Different Voice, A, (Eisenberg), 56
Diplomat, 330
Disagreements, 111
Disclosure feedback model of awareness, 10
Discovery, 172
Discretion, coach, 23
Discussion of assessment results, 21, 27
Dismissive–avoidant–resistant attachment style, 47, 48
Disorganized–disoriented attachment style, 47, 48
Displacement, 67
Dissent, groupthink and, 181
Dissonance, cognitive, 178–180
Distorted thinking, styles of, 123–124, 127, 129
Distortions, depressive, 122, 123
Dixon, N. E., 313
Documentation/written records/reports
dissemination of assessment information, 2
goals of coaching, 28
written memorandum of first meeting, 15
Dolan, Y. M., 156
Drive, leadership, 329
Drucker, P., 378
Drummond, R.J., 5
Dysfunction, groupthink and Abilene paradox, 180–181
Dysfunctional communication patterns (DCP), 269–271
Dysthymia, 293
E
Eagly, A. H., 260, 261, 262, 264, 266, 282
Edelstein, M. G., 197
Effect, coaching for, 349
Effectiveness, coaching; See Outcomes/effectiveness, coaching
Efficacy, 224
Efficiency
behavioral approach to coaching, 93–94
standardized tests, 17
Ego
achievement orientation, 320
athletes’, 245
charismatic leaders, 334
Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development, 40, 41
gender differences, 265
power motivation, 320
systems approach and, 158
Ego, Freudian model, 62
Ego ideal, 62
Ego satisfaction, 320
Egocentrism, Piaget developmental stages, 37, 38
Egotism, leadership styles, 334
Eichinger, R. W., 334
Eisenberg, N., 56
Electronic information collection methods, 11–12
e-mail, 16
Emotional Accuracy Research Scale (EARS), 231
Emotional and Social Competence Inventory (ESCI), 226, 229–230
Emotional Competence Framework, 185
Emotional Control Questionnaire, 231
Emotional intelligence, 26, 101–102, 211–237
coaching applications, 235–236
components of, 225
criticisms, issues, challenges, 232–235
commercialization/overpromotion, 234–235
empirical data support, lack of, 234
leadership theories, 336
four branch model of Mayer and Salovey, 217–218
trait EI of Petrides et al., 224–225
standardized tests, 18
Emotional Intelligence (Goleman), 215
Emotional maturity
leader traits, 319
leadership theories, 336
Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), 223–224, 226, 230–231
Emotional reasoning, 124
Emotional self-efficacy, 224
Emotions/feelings, xlii
active listening, 110
cognitive approaches to coaching, 127
defense mechanisms; See Defense mechanisms
feedback, 27
inability to verbalize (alexithymia), 213
and intelligence, Wechsler on, 212–213
interpersonal liking, 188
language/vocabulary/terminology, 375–376
leadership liabilities, 335
self-observation, 50
thoughts and, 121–122, 126, 135
Empathic enabling, 271
Empathy, 77
accurate, 109
developmental psychology and adult development, 56
emotional intelligence, 26, 185, 221, 222, 223, 225
leader traits, 319
mental health, 289
and obedience/compliance with authority, 189
Rogerian empathic understanding, 105, 107, 109, 112, 114–115
social psychology, 103
soft skills, 102
Empathy images, 204
Enabling, empathic, 271
Energy
female executives and, 276
leader traits, 319
leadership theories, 336
mental health, 288
psychodynamic view, 72
Enforcer, leadership categories, 334
Entitlement, 75
Environment, organizational, 176; See also Systems thinking and family therapy models
EQ-i and EQ 360, 223–224, 226, 230–231
Equifinality, 142
Equilibrium, 159
Erdberg, P., 1
Erdmann, J. B., 103
Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development, 38–44
Essence, 165
Eternal recurrence, 161
conflicts of interest, 368
duty to warn, 369
record keeping, 367
termination of coaching relationship, 367–368
behaviorism, 96
counseling versus coaching
emotional intelligence models, 221
female executives and, 264
Ethical Practice of Psychology in Organizations, The (Lowman), 353
Evans, R. L., 83
Evert, Chris, 243
Exceptions question, 156
Exclusionary DCPs, 270
Executive agenda, coaching for, 349–350
Executive coaching, xxiv, xxxi–xxxii
core concepts for coaches, 165–168
guidelines for coaches, 169–172
history and background, 161–163
strengths and weaknesses, 172–173
Exner, J., 6
Expectancy theory, 325
Expectations
female executives and, 275
role behavior, 154
social psychology, 176, 181–183
Experience, professional
coach selection criteria, 383
marketing coaching services, 384, 385
Experiment, coaching as, 84, 135
Expert, leadership modes, 330
Expertise
marketing coaching services, 384
sources of power, 190
External authenticity, 328
Extinction, 87
Extraversion
Big Five personality factors, 318–319
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, 7
Extrinsic reinforcement, 84–85
F
Face saving, 190
Facial expressions, 213
Facial recognition, 213
Factor analysis, 6
Fairness, fallacy of, 124
Fallacies, 124
Family; See also Systems thinking and family therapy models
athletic coaching themes, 243–244
female executives and, 262, 272–273, 275, 278
psychodynamic view, 72
Family metaphor, acceptability of, 158
Fanning, P., 122, 124, 129, 135
Fantasy, 62
Favors, owing, 187
Feedback, xlii
ability to accept negative feedback, 77
active listening process, 111
client attitudes, 14
inclusion of client in discussions, 2
role in coaching, 1
athletic coaching themes, 248–249
behavioral approach to coaching, 98
coaching effectiveness, 388
cognitive approaches to coaching, 127, 128
cybernetic systems, 139
disclosure feedback model of awareness, 10
female executives and, 268, 274, 277–278
rehearsal, 92
Rogerian person-centered approach, 108
self-presentation, 192
systems thinking and family therapy models, 143–144
Feedback fatigue, 27
Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (Burns), 120–121
Feelings; See Emotions/feelings
Fees/income
coaching versus therapy, xxxix
pricing services, 381
transition to coaching, 374, 375–376
Fellow-feeling, 172
Fels, A., 263
Female executives; See Women
Festiger, L., 178
Filtering, 123
Finding the Winning Edge (Walsh), 241
First impressions, 182, 183, 192
First meeting with client, 13–15
Fisch, R., 139, 143, 144, 197, 206
Fitness/match, 236
coach-organizational situation, 350, 360
leadership theories, 311–312, 333, 335, 336–337
charismatic leaders, 333
contingency models, 324
Fixed interval reinforcement schedule, 88
Fixed ratio reinforcement schedule, 87–88
Fleenor, J., 8
Flexibility, 198
athletic coaching themes, 250
emotional intelligence, 223
mental health, 289
Focus
behavioral approach to coaching, 93–94
existentialist approach and, 167
psychodynamic view, 72
Followers
decision making, 327
leader discernment skills, 328–329
Fonagy, P., 50
Fontaine, M. H., 329
Formal agreements, 359, 363, 370
Formal objective assessment instruments; See Standardized tests
Formal operational stage, Piaget model, 38
Founder myths, 146
Four-branch model of EI (Mayer and Salovey), 217–218
Frame of reference, client, 106
Framing
female executives, 276
hypnotic communication, 206
Franklin, B., 180
Freas, A., 151
French, J. R. P. Jr., 190
Freud, S., 35–36, 38, 59, 60, 61–62, 73, 82
Freud’s psychosexual model, 35–36, 68–69
Full circle evaluation; See Multipoint, multirater, 360 degree assessment/feedback
Functional analysis, behavior management, 90, 95, 96
Fundamental attribution error, 176, 183–184, 273
Furnham, A., 216–217, 224, 225
G
Gardner, J., 244
Garman, A. N., xxviii
Gender; See also Women
compliance studies, 189
developmental psychology, 55–56
and EI test performance, 229, 230, 231
life stages, 51
Gender biases in leadership values, 309–310
General stage, leadership development model, 331
General systems theory; See Systems thinking and family therapy models
Genetic factors, personality development, 34–35
Genital stage, Freud’s psychosexual model, 36
Genuineness, 104–105, 108, 114–115
George Washington Test of Social Intelligence, 213
Gibbs, N., 215
Glass ceilings and walls, 260–261, 266
Global labeling, 124
Goals
athletic coach advice, 253
intelligence, factors in, 213
vision, 27
Goals, coaching
athletic coaching themes, 243
behavioral approach, 84, 96, 98
coaching contract, 387
cognitive approaches to coaching, 127, 132–133
determinants of coaching success, 28–29
discussion topics for first interview with client, 14–15
outcomes; See also Outcomes/effectiveness, coaching
progress assessment, 2, 22, 23, 27, 28
psychodynamic approach, 76, 77
Rogerian person-centered approach, 106
Goldenberg, H., 139
Goldenberg, L., 139
Goleman, D., 26, 101, 184, 185, 192, 211, 215, 217, 220, 221, 226, 229, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237
Gonnella, J. S., 103
Gough, H., 7
Grabot, D., 302
Grant, A. M., xxiii
Green, C. D., 241
Grieger, R., 120
Griffith, C., 241
Ground rules of coaching, 15
Groups; See Team work/groups
Guided imagery, 248
Gurian, M., 259
H
Habit, 183
Handbook of Cognitive Therapy Techniques (McMullin), 126
Haney, C., 176
Hannon, R., 229
Hare, R., 332
Harragan, B., 279
Harris, J. R., 35
Harrison, R., 59
Harvey, J., 181
Hathaway, S. R., 6
Hay Group, 329
Hay/McBer, 229
Hazzard, W., 247
Healy, C. C., 7
Heaven’s reward fallacy, 124, 130
Heidegger, M., 163
Hein, S., 214
Help-rejecting complaining, 67, 68
Heppner, P., 104
Herd instinct, 167
Herrnstein, R., 216
Hersey, P., 322
Heuristics, social psychology, 182–183, 192
Hewlett, S. A., 272
Hicks, M. D., 388
Hierarchies
gender differences, 265
systems thinking and family therapy models, 147
Hill, A., 114
History, psychosocial, 13
Histrionic personality disorder, 295, 297
Hogg, C., 307
Hojat, M., 103
Hollihan, K., 279
Holtz, H., 359
Home-made assessment instruments, 11–13
Homeostasis, 140–141, 142, 147, 152
Homme, L., 121
Hoppe, M. H., 109
Horner, C., 165
Horowitz, L. M., 48
Horse trading, 190
House, R., 316
Howells, G., 229
Humor
defense mechanisms, 64
gender differences, 262
mental health, 289
Hutcheson, P., 108
Hymowitz, C., 93
Hypnotic communications, 195–208
hypnosis and communication, 196–197
hypnosis without trance, 198–207
influence and resistance, 195–196
principles and attitudes, 197–198
Hypochondriasis, 302
Hypomania, 291
I
Id, Freudian model, 62
Idealized future images, 203
Identification, defense mechanisms, 65
Identified patient/client, 142–143
Identity, female executives, 278–279
If Aristotle Ran G.M.: The New Soul of Business (Morris), 102
Illusion of alternatives, 198
Imagery
athletic coaching, 248
cognitive psychology, 126
hypnotic communication, 202–207
Imitation, social learning, 91
Impoverished style, 315
Incentives, reinforcement, 88
Indebtedness, 187
Independence
EI models, 223
leadership theories, 336
psychodynamic view, 71
Independent operator, coach as, 381
Indirect communication, 172
Individual life structure, 51
Individuality/individualism
existentialist view, 165, 169, 173
leadership modes, 330
reinforcement of differences, 88–89
Individualized coaching
female executives, 280
Industry knowledge, marketing coaching services, 384
Infant executive, 331
Influence
and groupthink, 181
hypnotic communication, 195–196, 198, 199, 207–208
leadership definitions, 312
definitions of leadership, 310, 311
Information, decision making, 327
Information sharing; See also Confidentiality
coaching versus therapy, xxxix
coalitions, 151
discussion topics for first interview with client, 14
policy establishment, 2
Ingham, Harry, 10
Initiative, 221
Injunction
gender differences, 267
resistance to, 195, 198, 199, 207, 208
Inkster, J. A., 179
Innocence, 252
Innovation, 221
Insurance coverage, 388
Integrity, 53
leader traits, 319
mental health, 289
Intellectualization, 66
Intelligence
leadership theories, 318, 334, 336
Interaction norms, systems thinking, 141
Interaction patterns, systems thinking, 141
Interactions, client–coach, 77
Intermittent explosive disorder, 301
Internal authenticity, 328
Internalized moral principles, 53
Internal states; See also Intrapersonal processes
emotional intelligence, 213, 235
Rogerian person-centered approach, 106, 108, 112
International Coach Federation’s Code of Ethics, 355, 364, 365, 368
Internet
surveys, 12
test administration, 7
Interpersonal intelligence, 214
Interpersonal processes; See Social/interpersonal processes
Interrelatedness, existentialist concepts, 165
Interruption, 15, 111, 154, 265, 269, 294
Interview
biographical, 51
personal, 11
Intrapersonal intelligence, 214
Intrapersonal processes, xlii
Big Five personality factors, 319
emotional intelligence, 26, 185, 237
coaching considerations, 235
emotional self-awareness, 213
intrapersonal intelligence, 214
models of, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223
testing, 230
psychodynamic approach, 60, 71–72
self-awareness
assessment, 25
existentialist approach, 166
goals of psychoanalysis, 62
mental health, 289
self-examination/introspection, xlii, 77
developmental psychology and adult development, 56
existentialist approach, 166
metacognition; See Metacognition
psychodynamic view, 72
self-observation/reflection
client, capacity for, 50
coach, 15
and cognitive approaches to coaching, 133–134
Intrinsic reinforcement, 84–85
Introduction to Existentialism, An (Olson), 163
Introspection; See Intrapersonal processes
IQ, attitudes toward, 215, 216
Ishtal-Zee, S., 177
Isolation, 66
Iteration, 191
J
Jackson, D. D., 197
Jackson, E., 177
Jacobs, T. O., 311
Jacobsen, C., 316
Jacobson, L., 176
Japanese management style, 312–313
Jaques, E., 311
Jaspers, K., 163
Jefferson Scale of Physical Empathy, 103
Jensen, S., 229
Jermier, J. M., 326
Johnson, D., 322
Johnson, S., 183
Jones, G., 103, 114, 327, 328, 329
Jordan, Michael, 252
Judgment
active listening process, 111
Judgment-Perception (J-P), Myers-Briggs test, 7
K
Kagan, J., 34
Kaizen, 216
Kampa-Kokesch, S., xxiii
Kanter, R.M., 265
Kantian paradigm, 121, 126, 129
Karen, R., 44
Kauffman, C., xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, xxviii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxix, xl, 2, 3, 8, 13, 16, 22, 28, 249, 355, 356, 359, 361, 362, 367, 383
Kazdin, A., 83
Kerin, R., xxvi
Kerr, M., 150
Kierkegaard, S., 162, 163, 172
Kilburg, R., 101
Killing the messenger, 189
Kinesthetic intelligence, 214
King, M., 163
Knox, R. E., 179
Koff, G., 273
Kohn, C., 229
Kohn, M., 189
Kokkinaki, F., 224
Kotler, P., 378
Kotter, J., 307, 313, 342, 346
Kroek, K. G., 308
Krupp, S., 177
KRW International Group, 113
Krzyzewski, M., 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251
L
Labeling, global, 124
Laissez-faire leadership, 312, 313
Landy, F. L., 213
Language/vocabulary/terminology
athletic coaching, 251
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
discussion of standardized test results, 21, 27
gender differences, 262
hypnotic communication, 200–201
systems thinking and family therapy models, 152–153
Lantieri, L., 215
Latency stage, 36
Lazarus, A., 248
benefits of coaching, xxxiii
coaching benefits, xxxvi
emotional intelligence and, 221, 235
existentialist approach, 167–168
centered, 276
glass ceilings and walls, 260–261
and organizational performance, 259–260
and groupthink, 181
social psychology, 175, 183–184
workers, managers, and leaders, 341–350; See also Workers, managers, and leaders
Leadership development, 348
Leadership Development Profile, 330
Leadership myths, 146, 341–342
Leadership theory
assessment of, 310
classical research studies, 312–315
cultural and gender biases in values, 309–310
definitions of leadership, 310–312
good and bad leadership, 332–335
charisma, problems associated with, 333–334
historical background, 308–309
developmental action logic, 330–331
developmental stages of leaders, 331–332
normative decision theory, 326–327
personal drive and successful leadership, 329
situational leadership, 322
substitutes for leadership, 325–326
transactional and exchange theories, 322–323
Learning principles, Thorndike’s, 3
Least preferred coworker (LPC) scale, 323
Lee, L., 104
Legitimacy, sources of power, 190
Leuner, H., 213
Leung, S., 229
Leveling images, 203
Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS), 231
Lewin, K., 175, 177, 183, 191, 312
Lewis, J., 147
Lexical hypothesis, 6
Liability, 388
Licensing, 357
Lief, A. S., 278
Life cycle
Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development, 38–44
Life structure, 51
Likert-type scales
emotional intelligence testing, 230, 231
Limits, practitioner, 356–358, 360
Lindsay, S. R., 3
Linguistic intelligence, 214
assessment, 24
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
Rogerian person-centered approach, 108, 109–111, 112, 114
soft skills, 102
Little, D., 34
Logical-mathematical intelligence, 214
Lombardo, M. M., 334
Loops, 139
Lorenz, K., 45
Louganis, Greg, 248
Lover stage, leadership developmental model, 331
Lowe, K. B., 308
Lowman, R., 353
LPC (least preferred coworker) scale, 323
Luft, Joseph, 10
Lumley, M. A., 26
Luncheon technique, 189
Lynn, S. J., 197
M
MacKenzie, S. B., 326
Magic Wand question, 156
Magnification, 123
Mahoney, M., 83
Main, M., 46
Maintaining progress
cognitive approaches to coaching, 133
steps in coaching process, xxxv
Maintenance stage of change, 3, 4–5
Malloy, R. L., 329
Malpractice coverage, 388
Management (self); See Self-control/selfmanagement/self-regulation
Management (organization)
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
determinants of coaching success, 28
workers, managers, and leaders, 341–350; See also Workers, managers, and leaders
Management coaching, xxiv
Mangione, S., 103
Manic phase, bipolar disorder, 291
Manipulation
existentialist approach, 167–168
hypnotic communication; See Hypnotic communications
Market demand for coaching services, 381
Marketing and sales
transition to coaching, 378–386
Martin-Guehl, C., 302
Mastery images, 203
Mathematical intelligence, 214
Mathews, G., 211, 215, 216, 219, 225, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234
May, R., 328
Mayer, D., 321
Mayer, J. D., 211, 214–215, 216, 217–218, 226, 228–229, 233, 234
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), 226, 228–229
McCallum, W. E., 213
McGregor, D., 313
McKinley, J. C., 6
McLean, A. N., 321
Meaning
existentialist concepts, 166
female executives, 276
reframing, 206
Measurement of gains; See Metrics
Medicine, culture of, 103
Meetings
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
coaching versus therapy, xxxix
progress assessment, 2
rites and rituals, 151
systems approach, 153
Menard, W., 302
Mental disorders; See Psychopathology
Mental images; See Imagery
Mental Measurements (Buros), 230
Mental rehearsal, 92
Mental skills, leader traits, 321
Mental states, social intelligence, 213
Mental style, 134
Mentalization, 50
Mentally healty person, 287–289
Mentors/mentoring, 52
coaching role, 350
female executives, 260, 264, 275, 276, 280, 281
leadership development models, 331–332
transition to coaching, 383
Metacognition (thinking about thinking), 50, 77, 122
and cognitive approaches to coaching, 133–134
developmental psychology and adult development, 56
emotional intelligence coaching considerations, 235
existentialist approach, 166
Metaphors from a Psychotherapist Guru (Kopp), 204–205
Methodology, coaching
coach selection criteria, 383
marketing coaching services, 386
Metrics
assessment, 15
coaching contract, 387
steps in coaching process, xxxv
therapy versus business culture, 376
Meyers-Anderson, M., 197
Micromanaging, 342
Middle-of-the-Road style, 315
Miller, L., 266
Miller, W. R., 5
Millier, J., 388
Mind reading, 123
Mindfulness, 50
Minimization, 123
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), 7
Miracle question, 156
Mission, leadership theories, 337
Mistakes, 00, 203
Mixed-motive situations, 186
female executives, 264
hypnotic communication, 205–206
Modeling images, 203
Modoono, S., 386
Money, therapy versus business culture, 375–376
Mood
emotional intelligence, 230
tests of, 231
psychopathology, 291
Moral development, 56
superego and, 62
Moral principle, 190
Morgan, F., 266
Morgeson, F. P., 8
Morris, T., 102
Morrison, J., 301
Moss, F. A., 213
Moss, H. B., 303
Motivation
assessment, 14
determinants of coaching success, 28
emotional intelligence, 26, 185
coaching considerations, 235
models of, 221
leader traits, 320
leadership definitions, 311
Theory X and Theory Y, 313
vision, 27
Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS), 226, 228–229
Multiple intelligence theory (Gardiner), 213–214
Multipoint, multirater, 360 degree assessment/feedback, 27, 94
female executives, 281
Multisource assessment; See Multipoint, multirater, 360 degree assessment/feedback
Multitasking, female executives, 272
Mumford, T. V., 8
Murphy, D., xxxi
Murray, C., 216
Musical intelligence, 214
Myers, I., 7
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), 7, 18, 34
Myrdal, G., 176
Myths and mystification, 146
N
Nadler, D. A., 350
Namath, Joe, 250
Narcissism
Narcissistic personality disorder, 295, 298–299
Nasca, T. J., 103
Neale, J., 123
Negative feedback
ability to accept, 77
systems thinking, 143
Negative reinforcement, 85–86, 87
Networking
emotional intelligence, 225
female executives, 265, 275, 276, 280
leadership, 346
Neurolinguistic programming, 199
Neuroticism, 319
Nice Girls Don’t Get the Corner Office (Frankel), 277
Niehoff, B. P., 326
Nihilism, 173
Norcross, J., 2
Normative decision theory, 326–327
Norms
assessment test selection, 369
compliance, strategies for obtaining, 190
female executives, 279
gender differences, 265
leader qualities, 329
male-centric, 267
mental health, 287
systems thinking and family therapy models, 141, 145–146, 155
O
Obedience studies, Milgram, 175–176, 189
Objective assessment instruments; See also Standardized tests
Object relations theory, 69–70
Objectives, business, 334
Objectives of coaching; See Goals, coaching
Obligation, sense of, 187
O.B. Mod, 83
Obodaru, O., 263
Observation
existentialist approach, 166
self; See Intrapersonal processes
social intelligence, 213
steps in coaching process, xxxv
systems thinking and family therapy models, 153, 154, 159
Observer, second-order cybernetics, 139
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, 295, 300–301
Occam’s Razor, 83
OCEAN, Big Five personality factors, 318–319
O’Hanlon, W. H., 197
O’Neal, Shaquille, 252
Online surveys, 12
Online testing, 19
Openness
assessment, 13
Operant, covert, 121
Operant conditioning, 82
Operational stages, Piaget model, 37–38
Opinion-seeking, female executives, 268
Opportunist, leadership modes, 330
Optimism
emotional intelligence models, 221, 225
and groupthink, 181
leadership theories, 337
Big Five personality factors, 319
charismatic leader characteristics, 317
social psychology approach, 191
Ordeals, 151
Organization
charismatic leaders and, 333
coach–client organization triangle, 150–151
as conditioning agent, 93
determinants of coaching success, 28
gender diversity policies, 279–280
manager qualities, 345
power of situation, 176, 191–192
role behaviors and, 147
social defenses, 69
systems thinking and family therapy models, 153–155
Organizational behavior modification (O.B. Mod), 83
Organizational cultures; See Culture, organizational
Organizational development, 383
Outcomes/effectiveness, coaching, xxxiv, 376
business culture, 376
determinants of coaching success, 14, 28–29
first interview with client, 14
goals; See Goals, coaching
marketing coaching services, 380–381, 383, 386
coach selection criteria, 383
deliverables, coaching contract, 387
selling points, 383
worth-based fee setting, 381
Outcomes/effectiveness, coaching, steps in coaching process, xxxv–xxxvi
Overgeneralization, 123
P
Pace, business culture, xl
Pacesetting leaders, 329
Pain disorder, 301
Palazzoli, M., 140
Palmer, S., 356
Pankey, L. D., 103
Paradigm shift
leader behavior and, 386
second-order change, 145
Paradox, 197
Parallel processes, psychodynamic approach, 76
Paranoid personality disorder, 295–296
Paraphrasing, 110
Parsimony principle, 83
Participative leaders, 329
Participatory leadership, 312, 313, 327
Passages (Sheehy), 50
Passive aggression, 67
Path-goal theory, leadership, 324–325
Pathology; See Psychopathology
Patience, 254
Patronizing DCPs, 270
Patterns
thinking, 122
Payne, W., 214
Peele, S., 304
Peltier, B., 354
Penrick, H., 205
People orientation; See Relationship orientation
Perceptions
cognitive psychology, 126
emotional intelligence models, 218, 225
existentialist approach, 169
explanation versus reality, 198
psychodynamic view, 71
Rogerian person-centered approach, 106
social psychology, 176
Performance
anxiety and, 86
emotional intelligence and
controversy, 234
test prediction of, 230
expectations and, 176
leadership theories, factors in success, 334
situational aspects of, 324
steps in coaching process, xxxv
Perls, F., 328
Perseverance effect
hypnotic communication, 198
social psychology, 183
Persistence, 213
Persona, Jungian model, 36
Personal history
authentic leadership, 328
psychodynamic view, 74
systems thinking and family therapy models, 153
Personality, 57
cognitive approaches to coaching, 134–135
EI construct problems, 233
existentialist view, 162
and intelligence, Wechsler view, 212–213
obedience studies, 189
organizational influence, 146
trait theories
of emotional intelligence, 224–225, 227, 231, 233
workers versus managers versus leaders, 342–347
Personality disorders, 294–301
obsessive-compulsive, 295, 300–301
toxic leadership, 332
Personality pathology, 287; See also Psychopathology
Personality tests
Big Five personality factors, 6
EQ-i and, 231
Personalization, 123
Person-centered approach, Rogerian, 101–115
applications to coaching, 108–111
basic characteristics and core premise, 106
client-therapist relationship, 107
examples of in coaching, 112–114
historical background, 103–104
human nature, view of, 104–105
limitations, 112
strengths of approach, 111–112
therapeutic goals, 106
therapist function and role, 106–107
Persuasiveness, 24, 221, 222, 318
Peters, T., 103
Peterson, J. A., 242, 246, 249, 254
Peterson, R., xxvi
Peterson, S., 271
Petrides, K. V., 224, 225, 227, 231
Phallic stage, 36
Phillips, D. T., 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 316
Phillips, K. A., 302
Phone interviews, 11
Physical appearance; See Appearance
Physical listening, 109
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, 37–38
Pichot, T., 156
Pink, D., 102
Pita, R., 224
Pittenger, D. J., 7
Plan, action
behavioral approach to coaching, 95–96
cognitive approaches to coaching, 129–130
steps in coaching process, xxxv
Planning, benefits of coaching, xxxvi
Play, athletic coach advice, 254
Player, Gary, 243
Playing against oneself, 246–247
Pleasure principle, 62
Pluralistic ignorance, 187–188
Podsakoff, P. M., 326
Point of view, client
existentialist approach, 169
hypnotic communication, 197–198
Rogerian person-centered approach, 114
Polarized thinking, 123
Policies, coaching process, 15
Political awareness, 221
Political skills
existentialist approach weaknesses, 172–173
psychodynamic approach, utility of, 60
Politics, organization; See Systems thinking and family therapy models
Positive feedback, 143
Positive regard, 105, 107, 108, 109
Positive reinforcement, 85–86, 87
Postmodern, second-order cybernetics, 139
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 302
Power
leadership theories
charismatic leader characteristics, 317, 333
contingency models, 324
leader traits, 320
psychodynamic view, 72
Rogerian person-centered approach, 108
sources of, 190
Practical intelligence, leadership theories, 336
Practice
athletic coaching themes, 249
behavioral approach to coaching, 95
rehearsal, 92
Precontemplation stage of change, 2, 3–4
Premack, D., 89
Premack principle, 89
Preoperational stage, 37
Preparation stage of change, 3, 4
Present as focus, systems thinking and family therapy models, 142
Pricing services, 381
Primal Leadership (Goleman et al.), 215
Prince, J., 8
Principle(s)
athletic coach advice, 252–253
compliance, strategies for obtaining, 190
transition to coaching, 388–389
Problem definition
field theory, 177
systems thinking and family therapy models, 141
Problem locus, systems thinking and family therapy models, 142–143
Problem personnel, 348
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
Problem redefinition, field theory, 177
Problem solving
coaching for effect, 349
emotional intelligence models, 223
leadership theories, 327
factors in success, 335
leader traits, 321
social psychology approach, 191
Problematic thinking styles, 129
Process observation, 153, 154, 159
Produce or Perish style, 315
Profit motive
counseling versus coaching cultures, 357–358
transition to coaching, 375–376
Progress assessment, 22, 23, 27, 28; See also Goals, coaching
regular meetings, 2
Project management skills, 342–343
Projection, 66
Promotion, coaching services, 381–382
Provocative behavior, 67
Pseudosolutions, 141
caveats, 78
coaching caveats, 60
core and related concepts, 69–76
developmental point of view, 70–73
object relations theory, 69–70
parallel processes, 76
transference and countertransference, 73–74
behavioral expressions/distortions, 66–68
reality-distorting, 66
social defenses, 69
fantasy, role of, 62
theoretical history and basics of, 61
theory and application, 76
unconscious, mechanisms of, 62–69
Psychological-mindedness, 25–26, 213
Psychological theory, relevance in coaching, xxix–xxx
Psychological training, coaches, xxvii
Psychologists, 29
Psychology
female executives, 275
potential in workplace, xxviii–xxix
Psychology of Coaching: A Study of Coaching Methods from the Point of Psychology (Griffith), 241
Psychometric model, emotional intelligence, 222
Psychometric tools; See Standardized tests
ADHD, 294
bipolar disorder, 291
coaching versus therapy, xxxix
defining mental health, 287–289
duty to warn, 369
incidence of, 287
intermittent explosive disorder, 301
personality disorders, 294–301
referral for therapy, xxxvi–xxxvii
somatoform disorders, 301
substance abuse and addictive behaviors, 303–304
traits versus pathology, 285–287
Psychosexual stages of development (Freud), 35–36
Psychosocial history, 13
Psychosocial stages of development (Erikson), 38–44
autonomy versus shame/doubt, 40, 41
ego identity versus role confusion, 40, 41
ego integrity versus despair, 40, 43–44
generativity versus stagnation, 40, 43
industry versus diffusion, 40, 41
initiative versus guilt, 40, 41
intimacy versus isolation, 40, 42
Psychotherapy, coaching and, xxxvii–xxxix
P. T. Barnum effect, 28
PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder),302
Publications, marketing coaching services, 385
Punishment
compliance power sources, 190
stages of moral development, 53, 54
Q
Quantitation; See Metrics
R
Rand, A., 375
Range restriction, 219
Rapport building, xlii
Raters, assessment tests, 9
Rationality, leadership theories, 310
Rationalization, 66
Raven, B. H., 190
Razran, G., 189
Reactivity, infant, 34
Readiness for change, 3
Realism, moral, 53
Reality, explanation versus, 198
Reality-distorting defense mechanisms, 66
Reality principle, 62
Reardon, K., 263, 269–271, 279
Reasoning
emotional, 124
stages of moral development, 53–55
Reasons
compliance, strategies for obtaining, 190
interpersonal influence, 186
systems thinking and family therapy models, 141
Reciprocal determinism, 139
Reciprocity rules, 187
Records/record keeping; See Documentation/written records/reports
Redefinition of problem, field theory, 177
Referent power, 190
Referral of client for therapy, xxxvi, 57
Reflection, feeling states, 110
Reflection/introspection, emotional intelligence, 237
Reframing, 206
Regard, Rogerian person-centered approach, 107, 108, 109
Regression, 67
Rehearsal
athletic coaching themes, 249
behavioral approach to coaching, 95
social learning, 92
Reinforcement, 82–83, 84–90, 97
cognitive approaches to coaching, 131–132
intrinsic and extrinsic, 84–85
organization as conditioning agent, 93
Premack principle, 89
stimulus control versus, 90
strengths and weaknesses of behavioral approach, 97–98
successive approximations and shaping, 89–90
Relationship orientation; See also Social/interpersonal processes
leadership theories, 323
path-goal theory, 325
Relationships
business, 388
coach–client
coach–client organization triangle, 150–151
counseling versus coaching cultures, 386–387
psychodynamic approach, 77
Rogerian approach, 107, 108–109
transference and countertransference, 73–74
emotional intelligence
coaching considerations, 236
models of, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225
existentialist guidelines for coaching, 171–172
social psychology, 102
Relativism, moral, 53
Reliability, standardized tests, 18–19
Remedial coaching, 286
Repetition
cognitive approaches to coaching, 135
interpersonal influence, 186–187
Representative heuristic, 182
Repression, 66
Reputation, 162
marketing coaching services, 384
schemas and effects of expectations, 182
Request, compliance strategies, 189
Research, coaching as, 84, 191
hypnotic communications, 195–196, 199
psychodynamic view, 73
Respondent, Pavlov terminology, 83
Responsibility
emotional intelligence models, 221
existentialist guidelines for coaching, 170–171
leader traits, 319
Rogerian person-centered approach, 106
Restatement/paraphrasing, active listening, 110
Results; See Outcomes/effectiveness, coaching
Retaliatory DCPs, 270
Return on investment, coach selection criteria, 383
Rewards/punishments
attention-seeking strategies, 87
compliance power sources, 190
organization as conditioning agent, 93
social learning, 91
stages of moral development, 54
Rhue, J. W., 197
Right-brain functions, 102, 103
Rilea, S., 229
Risk, existentialist view, 165
Risk taking
existentialist approach, 170
female executives, 276
leadership theories, 334
metaphors and, 205
Rituals
systems thinking and family therapy models, 151
Roberts, R. D., 211, 215, 216, 219, 225, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234
Rogerian person-centered approach; See Person-centered approach, Rogerian
Rogers, C., 101, 103–104, 106, 107, 328
Rogers, M., 104
Role diffusion, 42
Role models
charismatic leader characteristics, 317
female executives, 264
Role pressures, female executives, 272–273
Roles
compliance, strategies for obtaining, 190
existentialist concepts, 165
Rogerian person-centered approach, 108
systems thinking and family therapy models, 146–149, 152, 154, 159
Rollnick, S., 5
Rooke, D., 330
Rorschach, H., 6
Rosener, J., 272
Rosenhan, D., 176
Rosenthal, R., 176
Routinization of charisma, 333
Rowe, D. C., 35
Rule, B. G., 189
Rule breaking, athletic coaching themes, 250–251
Rules
female executives, 274
leadership theories, 323
second-order solutions and, 198
systems thinking and family therapy models, 145–146
unwritten, 281
Ryan, W., 273
S
Sacred Hoops (Jackson), 255
Sage stage, leadership development model, 331–332
Sala, F., xxxii
Salovey, P., 211, 214–215, 216, 233, 234
four-branch model of EI, 217–218
Sample, S., 337
Scapegoating, 281
Schedules, reinforcement, 87–88
Scheduling, coaching sessions, 15
Schemas
Piaget model, 37
Schizoid personality disorder, 295, 296
Schizotypical personality disorder, 295, 296
Schmitt, A. J., 211
Schoolboy leader, 331
Schutte Self-Report Inventory (SSRI), 231
Schwartz, F., 262
Scoular, A., 386
Seasons of a Man’s Life, The (Levinson), 51, 52
Seasons of a Woman’s Life, The (Levinson), 52
Seating arrangements, rituals, 151
Second-order change
systems thinking and family therapy models, 143–144, 156–157
Second-order cybernetics, 139
Second-order solutions, 198
Secure attachment style, 47, 48
Security images, 204
Selective abstraction, 123
Self
existentialist concepts, 169
intrapersonal processes; See Intrapersonal processes
Self-absorption, 56
Self-actualization
emotional intelligence, 223, 230
leadership theories, 328
Self-assessment
coaching potential, 386
emotional intelligence models, 221
Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), 229
Self-awareness; See Intrapersonal processes
Self-concept, 56
Self-confidence
emotional intelligence models, 221
leadership theories, 336
charismatic leader characteristics, 317
leader traits, 319
Self-control/self-management/selfregulation
Big Five personality factors, 318, 319
emotional intelligence, 26, 185
models of, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 225
testing, 231
Self-defeating behaviors, 319
Self-defeating thoughts, 129
Self-delusion, 192
Self-discovery, 172
Self-efficacy, emotional, 224
Self-esteem/regard
developmental psychology and adult development, 56
emotional intelligence models, 223, 225
Self-expression
emotional intelligence models, 225
Self-fulfilling prophesy, 176, 182
Self-importance, 75
Self-motivation, 221, 223, 225
Self-perception, Rogerian personcentered approach, 106
Self-presentation, 376–377; See also Appearance
charismatic leader characteristics, 317
hypnotic communication, 205
social psychology, 192
transition to coaching, 376–378
Self-promotion, female executives, 265–266
Self-regulation; See Self-control/selfmanagement/self-regulation
Self-reporting, unreliability of, 1
Sense of entitlement, 75
Sensing-Intuition (S-N), Myers-Briggs test, 7
Sensorimotor stage, Piaget model, 37
Setbacks
athletic coaching themes, 250
and psychopathology, 303
Shamir, B., 316
Sharing, active listening, 111
Sheehy, G., 50
Sheldon-Keller, A. E., 45
Sherman, S., 151
Shill, M. A., 26
Shoulds, 124
Shrake, B., 205
Silberman, M., 178
Silent treatment, 67
Simonton, D. K., 184
Situational factors
contingency models, 324
existentialist concepts, 165
substitutes for leadership, 326
systems thinking and family therapy models, 176, 191–192
Situational leadership, 311, 322
Six Sigma, 216
Skeptic school of leadership, 310
Skills
assessment variables of interest, 23–27
athletic coaching themes, 245, 249
benefits of coaching, xxxiii
emotional intelligence, 230
construct problems, 233
marketing coaching services, 385–386
soft skills, 102
systems thinking and family therapy models, 156
transition to coaching, 382
Sloan, A. P., 344
Smith, D., 265, 271, 272, 273, 278, 279
Snakes in Suits (Babiak and Hare), 332
Social cognition, 180
Social contexts, existentialist concepts, 162, 165
Social intelligence, 212
Social Intelligence (Goleman), 215
Social interactions, gender differences, 269
Social/interpersonal processes, 13
conflicts; See Conflict
emotional intelligence, 26, 185, 222, 230
coaching considerations, 236
models of, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225
testing, 230
existentialist approach, 171–172, 173
leadership theories
Big Five personality factors, 318–319
charismatic leaders, 333
contingency models, 324
derailment, causes of, 334
factors in success, 334
liabilities, 335
path-goal theory, 325
relationship orientation, 323
mental health, 289
psychodynamic approach, 60, 69
role behaviors and, 147
and success, 237
Social learning, behavioral approach, 91–93, 98
authoritarian personality, 191
cooperation and competition, 185–186
emotional intelligence, 184–185
groupthink and Abilene paradox, 180–181
hypnotic communication, 197
interpersonal influence, 186–188
lessons in leadership, 183–184
role behaviors and, 147
schemas and effects of expectations, 181–183
similarity and other “like” factors, 188–189
situation, power of, 176
Social responsibility, 230
Social workers, 28
Socialization, stages of moral development, 53–55
Socio-cognitive theory of hypnosis, 197
Soft skills
emotional intelligence concept utility, 236
Rogerian person-centered approach, 102, 112
Solomon, R., 163
Solution-focused methods, 156
Solutions as cause of problems, 143
Somatization disorder, 301
Somatoform disorders, 301
Spatial intelligence, 214
Sperry, L., xxx, xxxix, 101, 107, 147
Spinelli, E., 165
Sports, 263; See also Athletic coaches
Spreier, S. W., 329
Stages of change, determinants of coaching success, 28
Stagnation, 346
Stagner, R., 28
Standardized tests, 28
coaching potential, 386
emotional intelligence, 215
caveats, 237
EQ-i and EQ 360, 223–224, 226, 230–231
Wechsler scales and, 212
feedback issues, 28
social intelligence, 213
Statesman stage, 331
Stereotypes, gender, 259, 263–264, 266, 270, 278, 280
Stimulus control, 90
Stogdill, R., 318
Strategic planning, xxxiii, 342
Strategist, leadership modes, 330
Straw man creation, 200
Street fighter, leadership categories, 334
Stress
and leadership style
default management style, 329
developmental action logic, 330
supportive leader effectiveness, 325
and psychopathology, 290, 292–293
PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), 302–303
Stress management
emotional intelligence, 222, 230
testing, 230
leader traits, 319
Structure, life, 51
Subgroups, 155
Substance abuse and addictive behaviors, 303–304
Substitutes for leadership, 325–326
Substitution, 64
Subsystems, 145
Success
emotional intelligence and, 224, 234, 237
Success Is a Choice: Ten Steps to Overachieving in Business and Life (Pitino and Reynolds), 253
Successive approximations, reinforcement, 89–90
Summarizing, active listening, 110
Supportive leaders, 325
Survey Monkey service, 12
Swinbourne University Emotional Intelligence Test (SUEIT), 231
Syrett, M., 307
Systems thinking and family therapy models, 137–151
client family experiences, 153
organization as family system, 153–155
skills training, 156
solution-focused methods, 156
teaching systems concepts to client, 152–153
background and history of approach, 139–140
change process, 141
circular view, 142
feedback, first-order change, and second-order change, 143–144
present as focus of, 142
solutions as cause of problems, 143
coaching intervention approaches, 145–152
directives, 151
myths and mystification, 146
rites and rituals, 151
systems and subsystems, 145
family therapy and business, 138–139
strengths and weaknesses, 157–158
T
Tannen, D., 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 279
Target, M., 50
Target behavior
reinforcement, 86
successive approximations and shaping, 89–90
Task orientation
leadership theories, 323
path-goal theory, 325
Task structure, contingency models, 324
Taylor, G. J., 213
Teaching
athletic coaching themes, 245
emotional intelligence, 192–193, 224
existentialist concepts, 172
hypnotic communication, 197
observation of others, 77
Rogerian person-centered approach, 112, 114
systems thinking and family therapy models, 152–153, 156
Team style, Blake-Mouton grid, 315
Team work/groups
benefits of coaching, xxxvi
cognitive approaches to coaching, 135
decision styles, 327
emotional intelligence models, 219, 222
leadership theories
factors in success, 334
leadership derailment, 334
psychodynamic view, 71
Temperament, 57
Tenacity, 96
Termination of coaching relationship, 367–368
Termination stage of change, 3, 5
Terminology; See Language/vocabulary/terminology
Tests; See Standardized tests
Theory of Constraints (TOC), 216
Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z, 313–314
Therapy, client referral for, 57
Thinking
about thinking; See Metacognition
automatic thoughts, 120
emotional intelligence models, 218
hypnotic communication and, 198, 208
leader qualities, 347
mental health, 288
patterns of, 122; See also Cognitive approaches
Thinking-Feeling (T-F), Myers-Briggs indicators, 7
Thody, P., 168
Thoresen, C., 84
Threats, and compliance, 190
360 degree feedback method; See Multipoint, multirater, 360 degree assessment/feedback
Tignol, J., 302
Timing, readiness for change, 3
Tipping points, 229
Tit-for-tat strategy, 186
Titration, feedback, 27
Tobias, L., xxx
Torbert, W. R., 330
Total Quality Management (TQM), 216
Toxic leadership, 332–333, 334
Tracey, J., 303
Training
coaches, xxvii
emotional intelligence concept utility, 236
marketing coaching services, 384
scope of practice, 356
standardized test issues, 19
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue), 227, 231
Trait emotional intelligence theory, 224–225, 231, 233
Trait empathy, 225
Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), 231
Trait theory, leadership, 311, 317–322
Traits
female executives, 275
Transactional theory, leadership, 322–323
Transference/countertransference, 73–74
Transformational leadership, 316, 330
Transition to coaching, xxvii, 373–389
business culture and profit motive, 375–376
contracts and business arrangements, 387–388
Transitional leadership, 333–334
Trauma, 328
Trouble talk, 269
Trust
cognitive approaches to coaching, 129–130
cooperation and competition, 186
developmental psychology and adult development, 56
leadership theories, 323, 336, 337
Rogerian person-centered approach, 107–108, 112
social psychology, 103
soft skills, 102
Trustworthy leadership, 333
Tsang, J., 266
U
Ultimate consequences images, 204
Uncommon Therapy (Erickson), 151
Unconditional positive regard, Rogerian approach, 105, 107, 108, 109
Unconscious, 62–69; See also Defense mechanisms
Undermining DCPs, 270
Unspoken issues, 155
Unwritten rules, 281
Upton, J., 316
Uranowitz, S., 388
V
Validity
emotional intelligence testing, 230
standardized tests, 18
Values
business, xxxviii
female executives, 275
Valvano, Jim, 246
VanDerveer, Tara, 246
Variable interval reinforcement schedule, 88
Variable ratio reinforcement schedule, 88
Velicer, W. F., 2
Veloski, J., 103
Vendors, standardized testing issues, 19–20
Verbal behavior, gender differences, 262
Video feedback
active listening, 111
behavioral approach to coaching, 95, 98
rehearsal, 92
Vision
assessment, 27
leadership theories, 336
charismatic leader characteristics, 317
leadership modes, 330
manager qualities, 345
transition to coaching, 388
Visionary leaders, 329
Visualization, 248; See also Imagery
Vocabulary; See Language/vocabulary/terminology
von Bertalanffy, L., 139
W
Walsh, Bill, 241, 242, 246, 249, 254
Walsh, P. B., 50
Walter, J., 303
Waterman, R., 103
Watson, T., 229
Watzlawick, P., 139, 143, 144, 197, 199, 206, 207, 208
Weakland, J., 139, 143, 144, 197, 206
Weber, M., 316
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), 212
Weiner, N., 139
Welch, Jack, 146
West, M. L., 45
What Got You Here Won’t Get You There (Goldsmith and Reiter), 335
Whistle-blowing, 360
Whiston, D. L., xxviii
White, R., 108, 191, 312, 348, 349
White, R. K., 183
Wholeness, systems thinking, 142
Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future (Pink), 102
Whybrow, A., 356
Why CEOs Fail (Dotlich and Cairo), 334
“Why” questions, systems thinking and, 141
Why Smart People Can Be So Stupid (Sternberg), 216
Williams, M. L., 326
Winguard, E., 279
Witherspoon, R., 108, 191, 348, 349
Wojciechowski, S., 251
Wolff, S. B., 220
career enhancement and effectiveness, 273–279
coaching requirements, 278–279
knowledge for effective coaching, 260–273
multitasking, 272
organizational gender diversity policies, 279–280
Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), 232
Wood, J., 106
Wooden, J., 114, 242, 244, 245, 247
Work, athletic coach advice, 254
Workers, managers, and leaders
coaching opportunities, 348
differences in roles and attributes, 342–347
leadership preferences, 313
myths about leadership, 341–342
workers, managers, and leaders, 341–350
Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile (WEIP), 232
Working with Emotional Intelligence (Goleman et al.), 215, 221, 222
Workplace, female executive issues, 260–264
Wright, R., 103
Written memorandum of first meeting, 15
Written records; See Documentation/written records/reports
Y
Yi, H., 303
Yukl, G., 309, 311, 318, 319, 321, 325, 333
Z
Zackon, R., xxiii
Zaleznik, A., 344
Zeidner, M., 211, 215, 216, 219, 225, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234
Zilbergeld, B., 197
Zimbardo, P., 176
Zlatoper, K. W., xxviii