NOTES  

INTRODUCTION

1.   Whittaker, Martin, and Peter Georgescu. “Don’t believe the cynics: Done right, stakeholder capitalism is what America needs.” Fortune, August 18, 2017. https://fortune.com/2021/08/18/stakeholder-capitalism-business-roundtable-corporate-purpose-just-capital/.

2.   Nielsen. “The Global, Socially-Conscious Consumer.” March 2012. https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/report/2012/the-global—socially-conscious-consumer/.

3.   Maheshwari, Sapna. “Revealed: The People Behind an Anti-Breitbart Twitter Account.” New York Times. July 20, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/business/media/sleeping-giants-breitbart-twitter.html.

4.   Gilbert, Jay. “The Millennials: A new generation of employees, a new set of engagement policies.” Ivery Business Journal. September/October 2011. https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-millennials-a-new-generation-of-employees-a-new-set-of-engagement-policies/.

5.   Year Up. “Partners.” https://www.yearup.org/partners.

6.   Year Up. “Research.” https://www.yearup.org/about/research.

CHAPTER 1

1.   Onibada, Ade. “Brands Have Been Speaking Out About Racism And This One Meme Captures Just How Hollow Some Of Them Are.” Buzzfeed, June 1, 2020. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/adeonibada/generic-brands-george-floyd-protest-statement.

2.   Spangler, Todd. “Bon Appétit Rebuilds Video Slate With Eight New Chefs Following Wave of Protest Resignations.” Variety, October 13, 2020. https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/bon-appetit-conde-nast-video-hosts-diversity-protest-resignations-1234802407/.

3.   Breuninger, Kevin. “NFL bans on-field kneeling during the national anthem.” CNBC.com, May 23, 2018. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/23/nfl-bans-on-field-kneeling-during-the-national-anthem.html.

4.   McIntosh, Kriston, Emily Moss, Ryan Nunn, and Jay Shambaugh. “Examining the Black-white wealth gap.” Brookings, February 27, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/02/27/examining-the-black-white-wealth-gap/.

5.   Citi. “Citi’s Action for Racial Equity Initiative Invests $1 Billion to Address the Racial Wealth Gap in the U.S.” BusinessWire, November 9, 2021. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211109006099/en/Citi%E2%80%99s-Action-for-Racial-Equity-Initiative-Invests-1-Billion-to-Address-the-Racial-Wealth-Gap-in-the-U.S.

6.   Pisani, Bob. “Powerful corporate profits and forecasts of more to come have investors cheering.” CNBC, February 5, 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/05/powerful-corporate-profits-and-promises-of-more-to-come-have-investors-cheering.html.

7.   Edelman. “20 Years of Trust.” https://www.edelman.com/20yearsoftrust/04-chapter-2.html.

8.   Ibid.

9.   Morgan Stanley Institute for Sustainable Investing. “Sustainable Signals: Individual Investor Interest Drive by Impact, Conviction and Choice.” 2019.

10.   Gilbert, Jay. “The Millennials: A new generation of employees, a new set of engagement policies.” Ivery Business Journal. September/October 2011. https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-millennials-a-new-generation-of-employees-a-new-set-of-engagement-policies/.

11.   Morgan Stanley Institute for Sustainable Investing. “Sustainable Signals: Individual Investor Interest Drive by Impact, Conviction and Choice.” 2019.

12.   Stackla. “Bridging the Gap: Consumer & Marketing Perspectives on Content in the Digital Age.” https://stackla.com/resources/reports/bridging-the-gap-consumer-marketing-perspectives-on-content-in-the-digital-age/.

13.   Reputation. “2020 Retail Reputation Report.” https://reputation.com/resources/report/retail-reputation-report/.

14.   Nielsen. “The Global, Socially-Conscious Consumer.” March 2012. https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/report/2012/the-global—socially-conscious-consumer/.

15.   Edelman. “Edelman Trust Barometer 2021.” https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2021-05/2021%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Special%20Report_Business%20and%20Racial%20Justice%20in%20America.pdf.

16.   Data sources: Edelman and Nielsen

17.   Neumann, Jeff, and Tracey Matsue Loeffelholz. “40 Acres and a Mule Would Be at Least $6.4 Trillion Today—What the U.S. Really Owes Black America.” Yes! Magazine, Summer 2015. https://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/make-it-right/infographic-40-acres-and-a-mule-would-be-at-least-64-trillion-today/GR201574JTF.jpg.

18.   Opportunity Insights. “Neighborhoods.” https://opportunityinsights.org/neighborhoods/.

19.   Reiff, Nathan. “10 Biggest Companies in the World.” Investopedia, January 18, 2021. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/111115/why-all-worlds-top-10-companies-are-american.asp.

20.   Fortune Editors. “The 25 Best Global Companies to Work For.” Fortune, October 26, 2016. http://fortune.com/2016/10/26/best-global-companies/.

21.   Porter, Michael E., and Jan W. Rivkin. “The Looming Challenge to U.S. Competitiveness.” Harvard Business Review, March 2012. https://hbr.org/2012/03/the-looming-challenge-to-us-competitiveness.

22.   Fink, Larry. “The Power of Capitalism.” BlackRock. https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/investor-relations/larry-fink-ceo-letter.

23.   Mull, Amanda. “Brands Have Nothing Real to Say About Racism.” The Atlantic, June 3, 2020.https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/06/brands-racism-protests-amazon-nfl-nike/612613/.

24.   Mull, Amanda. “Body Positivity is a Scam.” Vox, June 5, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2018/6/5/17236212/body-positivity-scam-dove-campaign-ads.

25.   Business Roundtable. “Business Roundtable Redefines the Purpose of a Corporation to Promote ‘An Economy That Serves All Americans’.” August 19, 2019. https://www.businessroundtable.org/business-roundtable-redefines-the-purpose-of-a-corporation-to-promote-an-economy-that-serves-all-americans.

26.   The Investment Integration Project. “Addressing systemic social risk: A roadmap for financial system action.” December, 2020. https://www.tiiproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/AddressingSystemicSocialRisk-ARoadmap-12-7-2020_FINAL.pdf.

27.   Useem, Jerry. “Beware of Corporate Promises.” The Atlantic, August 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/08/companies-stand-solidarity-are-licensing-themselves-discriminate/614947/.

28.   Ibid.

CHAPTER 2

1.   Nielsen. “The Global, Socially-Conscious Consumer.” March 2012. https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/report/2012/the-global--socially-conscious-consumer/.

2.   Stackla. “Bridging the Gap: Consumer & Marketing Perspectives on Content in the Digital Age.” https://stackla.com/resources/reports/bridging-the-gap-consumer-marketing-perspectives-on-content-in-the-digital-age/.

3.   Fry, Richard. “Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation.” Pew Research Center, April 28, 2020. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/28/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers-as-americas-largest-generation/.

4.   Merkle. “Millennial Women Are Here to Slay: Merkle and Levo Release Report Uncovering Buying Behaviors and Purchasing Power of Millennial Women.” BusinessWire, March 8, 2018. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180308005602/en.

5.   Coldwell Banker. “A Look at Wealth 2019: Millennial Millionaires.” October 16, 2019. https://blog.coldwellbankerluxury.com/a-look-at-wealth-millennial-millionaires/.

6.   Morgan Stanley Institute for Sustainable Investing, “Sustainable Signals: Individual Investor Interest Driven by Impact, Conviction and Choice,” 2019.

7.   Cone. “2015 Cone Communications Millennial CSR Study.” https://www.conecomm.com/research-blog/2015-cone-communications-millennial-csr-study.

8.   Nielsen. “Millennials on Millennials: US Shopping Insights in a New Era.” Fall 2018. https://www.nielsen.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/millennials-on-millennials-shopping-insights-report.pdf.

9.   Merkle. “Millennial Women Are Here to Slay: Merkle and Levo Release Report Uncovering Buying Behaviors and Purchasing Power of Millennial Women.” BusinessWire, March 8, 2018. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180308005602/en.

10.   The Nielsen Company. “Millennials on Millennials: U.S. Shopping Insights in a New Era.” Fall 2018, p. 13. https://www.nielsen.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/millennials-on-millennials-shopping-insights-report.pdf.

11.   The Nielsen Company. “Millennials on Millennials.

12.   The Nielsen Company. “Millennials on Millennials, p. 13.

13.   Frey, William H. “The millennial generation: A demographic bridge to America’s diverse future.” Brookings, January 2018. https://www.brookings.edu/research/millennials/.

14.   Nielsen. “Black Impact: Consumer Categories Where African Americans Move Markets.” February 15, 2018. https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2018/black-impact-consumer-categories-where-african-americans-move-markets/.

15.   Danziger, Pamela N. “Retailers Need To Go Beyond Demographics To Go Big With Their Latino Customers.” Forbes, October 9, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2019/10/09/why-retailers-need-to-think-big-about-their-latino-customers/?sh=1ba38efa2b1b.

16.   Ibid.

17.   Nielsen. “Black Impact: Consumer Categories Where African Americans Move Markets.” February 15, 2018. https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2018/black-impact-consumer-categories-where-african-americans-move-markets/.

18.   The Urban Institute. “Nine Charts about Wealth Inequality in America.” October 5, 2017. https://apps.urban.org/features/wealth-inequality-charts/.

19.   Turner, Ani. “Business Case for Racial Equity.” W.K. Kellogg Foundation, July 24, 2018. https://www.wkkf.org/resource-directory/resources/2018/07/business-case-for-racial-equity.

20.   “Path to 15|55.” http://www.pathto1555.org.

21.   Athleta. “Our Mission.” https://athleta.gap.com/browse/info.do?cid=1074427&mlink=55287,15864962,Footer_Sustainability&clink=15864962#BCorp.

22.   Gap Inc. “Gap Inc. Announces 100 percent Sustainable Cotton Goal.” Businesswire, June 6, 2019. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190606005196/en/Gap-Inc.-Announces-100-Sustainable-Cotton-Goal.

23.   Ibid.

24.   Ibid.

25.   SGB Media. “Gap Inc. Snaps Up Athleta for $150 Million.” September 29, 2008. https://sgbonline.com/gap-inc-snaps-up-athleta-for-150-million/.

26.   Cotopaxi. “About Us.” https://www.cotopaxi.com/pages/gear-for-good.

27.   The Coca-Cola Company. “Water Conservation.” https://www.coca-colacompany.com/sustainable-business/water-stewardship.

28.   PepsiCo. “Water.” https://www.pepsico.com/sustainability-report/water.

29.   In the “Spotlight On” sections in each of the next two chapters, I want to go deeper into things related to specific types of companies or individuals. They may not be relevant to all readers; however, they are important things to consider as you or your company goes about changing how you make your money in order to create equitable impact.

30.   Path to 15|55. “How Usable Capital Will Unleash Black Business Growth.” https://www.pathto1555.org/usablecapital.

31.   Mizell, Jill. “The American Public Wants Companies to Take Action on Advancing Racial Equity – Especially Black Americans.” JustCapital, July 9, 2020. https://justcapital.com/news/the-american-public-wants-companies-to-take-action-on-advancing-racial-equity-especially-black-americans/.

32.   Hills, Greg, Lakshmi Iyer, Michael McAfee, Josh Kirschenbaum, and Martin Whittaker. “A CEO Blueprint for Racial Equity.” PolicyLink. https://www.policylink.org/resources-tools/ceo-blueprint-for-racial-equity.

33.   PolicyLink, FSG, and JUST Capital. Corporate Insights into the CEO Blueprint for Racial Equity.” https://www.policylink.org/resources-tools/ceo-blueprint-for-racial-equity-2021.

34.   Living Cities. “Living Cities Announces Capital Investment in Jacmel Growth Partners to Help Scale Lower Middle Market Businesses While Benefiting Employees and Communities.” PRNewswire, December 17, 2020. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/living-cities-announces-capital-investment-in-jacmel-growth-partners-to-help-scale-lower-middle-market-businesses-while-benefiting-employees-and-communities-301194639.html.

35.   Jacmel Growth Partners. “My Story.” https://www.jacmelgp.com/my-story.

36.   Jacmel Growth Partners. “Home page.” https://www.jacmelgp.com/.

37.   Ibid.

CHAPTER 3

1.   Nielsen. “The Global, Socially-Conscious Consumer.” March 2012. https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/report/2012/the-global--socially-conscious-consumer/.

2.   Stackla. “Bridging the Gap: Consumer & Marketing Perspectives on Content in the Digital Age.” https://stackla.com/resources/reports/bridging-the-gap-consumer-marketing-perspectives-on-content-in-the-digital-age/.

3.   The Urban Institute. “Nine Charts about Wealth Inequality in America.” October 5, 2017. https://apps.urban.org/features/wealth-inequality-charts/.

4.   The Investment Integration Project. “Confronting Income Inequality.” June 2021. https://www.tiiproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Confronting-Income-Inequality-Toolkit-TIIP-Updated-6-8-218575.pdf.

5.   AEO. “The Tapestry of Black Business Ownership in America.” https://aeoworks.org/our-work/cohorts/tapestry-project/.

6.   Ibid.

7.   National CAPACD. “Small Business, Big Dreams.” 2019. https://www.nationalcapacd.org/data-research/small-business-big-dreams/.

8.   Black Enterprise Editors. “50 of the nation’s top black women business owners join forces.” Black Enterprise, January 25, 2022. https://www.blackenterprise.com/50-of-the-nations-top-black-women-business-owners-join-forces/.

9.   Ibid.

10.   Ibid.

11.   The Hackett Group. “2021 Supplier Diversity Study.” May 2021. https://www.thehackettgroup.com/supplier-diversity-infographic-2105/.

12.   Lutz, Ashley. “How McDonald’s Inadvertently Created a Huge Competitor in Chipotle.” Insider, September 18, 2014. https://www.businessinsider.com/mcdonalds-investing-in-chipotle-2014-9.

13.   Morgan Stanley Institute for Sustainable Investing. “Sustainable Signals: Individual Investor Interest Driven by Impact, Conviction and Choice.” 2019.

14.   Doron, Karen. “CalSTRS Board commits to net zero investment portfolio.” CalSTRS, September 1, 2021. https://www.calstrs.com/news-release/calstrs-board-commits-net-zero-investment-portfolio.

15.   Mudaliar, Abhilash, and Rachel Bass. “Evidence on the Financial Performance of Impact Investments.” The Global Impact Investing Network, 2017. https://thegiin.org/assets/2017_GIIN_FinancialPerformanceImpactInvestments_Web.pdf.

16.   AEO. “The Tapestry of Black Business Ownership in America.” https://aeoworks.org/our-work/cohorts/tapestry-project/.

17.   Omar, Hafizah. “Decolonizing Lunch Part I: Interrogating our Org Culture Around Food.” Living Cities, September 5, 2019. https://livingcities.org/blog/1380-decolonizing-lunch-part-i-interrogating-our-org-culture-around-food.

18.   Walmart. “Product Supply Chains: Sustainability Overview.” https://corporate.walmart.com/esgreport/esg-issues/product-supply-chain-sustainability.

19.   CEO Action for Diversity and Inclusion. “Actions.” https://www.ceoaction.com/actions/?Sort=Alphabet&categories=1552#js-filters-container.

20.   Path to 15|55. “How Usable Capital Will Unleash Black Business Growth.” https://www.pathto1555.org/usablecapital.

21.   Parilla, Joseph, and Darrin Redus. “How a new Minority Business Accelerator grant program can close the racial entrepreneurship gap.” Brookings, December 9, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-a-new-minority-business-accelerator-grant-program-can-close-the-racial-entrepreneurship-gap/?amp.

22.   Ibid.

23.   Ibid.

24.   CincinnatiUSA Regional Chamber. “2017-2018 Annual Review and Strategic Outlook: Minority Business Accelerator.” https://www.cincinnatichamber.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/minority-business-accelerator-files/minority-business-accelerator-annual-report-1718.pd.

25.   New Orleans Business Alliance. “2018-2019 Annual Impact Report.” https://www.nolaba.org/wp-content/uploads/NOLABA_AnnualReport_2018-2019.pdf.

26.   The Data Center. “Who Lives in New Orleans and Metro Parishes Now?” July 28, 2021. https://www.datacenterresearch.org/data-resources/who-lives-in-new-orleans-now/.

27.   Hamel, Liz, Jamie Firth, and Mollyann Brodie. “New Orleans Ten Years After the Storm: The Kaiser Family Foundation Katrina Survey Project.” Kaiser Family Foundation, August 10, 2015. https://www.kff.org/report-section/new-orleans-ten-years-after-the-storm-section-2/.

28.   New Orleans Business Alliance. “2018-2019 Annual Impact Report.” https://www.nolaba.org/wp-content/uploads/NOLABA_AnnualReport_2018-2019.pdf.

29.   Myers, Ben. “The New Orleans City Council ratifies $15 hourly minimum wage for city workers.” NOLA.com, October 7, 2021. https://www.nola.com/news/politics/article_d5d8683a-2799-11ec-ad7b-9f8f99f34cce.html.

30.   New Orleans Business Alliance. “Impact.” https://www.nolaba.org/impact/.

CHAPTER 4

1.   Heinz, Kate. “The True Costs of Employee Turnover.” Bullitin, January 11, 2022. https://builtin.com/recruiting/cost-of-turnover.

2.   King, Stephen. “More Than You Think: The Cost of Employee Turnover.” GrowthForce. https://www.growthforce.com/blog/the-real-cost-of-employee-turnover-its-more-than-you-think.

3.   Work Institute. “2017 Retention Report.” http://info.workinstitute.com/retentionreport2017.

4.   McFeely, Shane, and Ben Wiger. “This Fixable Problem Costs U.S. Businesses $1 Trillion,” Gallup, March 13, 2019. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/247391/fixable-problem-costs-businesses-trillion.aspx.

5.   Gallup. “Employee Engagement.” https://www.gallup.com/workplace/229424/employee-engagement.aspx.

6.   Adkins, Amy. “Millennials: The Job-Hopping Generation.” Gallup. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/231587/millennials-job-hopping-generation.aspx.

7.   TERRA Staffing Group. “The Real Cost of Employee Turnover in 2021.” https://www.terrastaffinggroup.com/resources/blog/cost-of-employee-turnover/.

8.   McQueen, Nina. “Workplace Culture Trends: The Key to Hiring (and Keeping) Top Talent in 2018.” LinkedIn, June 26, 2018. https://blog.linkedin.com/2018/june/26/workplace-culture-trends-the-key-to-hiring-and-keeping-top-talent.

9.   Korolevich, Sara. “The State of Remote Work In 2021: A Survey of the American Workforce.” GoodHire, October 27, 2021. https://www.goodhire.com/resources/articles/state-of-remote-work-survey/.

10.   Cavalluzzi, Alessandra. “How Community Involvement Can Boost Employee Engagement.” SHRM, July 18, 2018. https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/book-blog/pages/how-community-involvement-can-boost-employee-engagement.aspx.

11.   McQueen, Nina. “Workplace Culture Trends: The Key to Hiring (and Keeping) Top Talent in 2018.” LinkedIn, June 26, 2018. https://blog.linkedin.com/2018/june/26/workplace-culture-trends-the-key-to-hiring-and-keeping-top-talent.

12.   Net Impact. “Talent Report: What Workers Want in 2012.” https://www.netimpact.org/sites/default/files/documents/what-workers-want-2012-summary.pdf.

13.   Ibid.

14.   Deloitte. “Deloitte Volunteer IMPACT Survey.” 2011. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/us-citizenship-2011-impact-survey-employee-engagement.pdf.

15.   Net Impact. “Talent Report: What Workers Want in 2012.” https://www.netimpact.org/sites/default/files/documents/what-workers-want-2012-summary.pdf.

16.   DKB Foundation. “Home page.” https://dkbfoundation.org/.

17.   The State of Illinois. “Illinois Results First: The High Cost of Incarceration.” Summer 2018. https://spac.icjia-api.cloud/uploads/Illinois_Result_First-The_High_Cost_of_Recidivism_2018-20191106T18123262.pdf.

18.   Greyston Bakery. “The Case for Open Hiring.” https://www.greyston.org/the-case-for-open-hiring.

19.   DKB Foundation. “Home page.” https://dkbfoundation.org/.

20.   Rivera, Lauren A. “Hiring as Cultural Matching: The Case of Elite Professional Service Firms.” American Sociological Review 77, no. 6 (December 2012): 999–1022. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412463213.

21.   Lorenzo, Rocío, Nicole Voigt, Miki Tsusaka, Matt Krentz, and Katie Abouzahr. “How Diverse Leadership Teams Boost Innovation.” BCG, January 23, 2018. https://www.bcg.com/en-gb/publications/2018/how-diverse-leadership-teams-boost-innovation.

22.   Edelman. “Edelman Trust Barometer 2021.” https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2021-05/2021%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Special%20Report_Business%20and%20Racial%20Justice%20in%20America.pdf.

23.   Korn Ferry. “The Future of Work Trends in 2022.” https://www.kornferry.com/insights/featured-topics/future-of-work/2022-future-of-work-trends.

24.   Xido, Amanda. “Hybrid work can hurt or help DEI efforts. Here’s how to get it right.” FastCompany, January 27, 2022. https://www.fastcompany.com/90716439/hybrid-work-can-hurt-or-help-dei-efforts-heres-how-to-get-it-right.

25.   Korolevich, Sara. “The State of Remote Work in 2021: A Survey of the American Workforce.” GoodHire, October 27, 2021. https://www.goodhire.com/resources/articles/state-of-remote-work-survey/.

26.   Income Advance Guide, https://www.incomeadvance.org/.

27.   National Conference of State Legislatures. “Breastfeeding State Laws.” August 26, 2021. https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/breastfeeding-state-laws.aspx.

28.   Gilsdorf, Kimberly, and Fay Hanleybrown. “Investing in Entry-Level Talent.” FSG. https://www.fsg.org/publications/investing-entry-level-talent.

29.   Ibid.

30.   Ibid.

31.   i4cp. “Developing America’s Frontline Workers.” https://www.shcoe.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Developing-Americas-Frontline-Workers-i4cp-UpSkill-America-2016.pdf.

32.   Hanleybrown, Fay, Lakshmi Iyer, Josh Kirschenbaum, Sandra Medrano, and Aaron Mihaly. “Advancing Frontline Employees of Color.” FSG. https://www.fsg.org/publications/advancing-frontline-employees-color.

33.   Ibid.

34.   Talent Rewire. “Caterpillar, Inc.” https://www.talentrewire.org/innovation-story/caterpillar-inc/.

35.   i4cp. “Developing America’s Frontline Workers.” https://www.shcoe.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Developing-Americas-Frontline-Workers-i4cp-UpSkill-America-2016.pdf.

36.   National Low Income Housing Coalition. “Out of Reach 2021.” https://reports.nlihc.org/oor.

37.   Paycor. “Minimum Wage by State and 2022 Increases.” November 29, 2021. https://www.paycor.com/resource-center/articles/minimum-wage-by-state/.

38.   Ramsey Solutions. “The Cost of Living in California.” December 3, 2021. https://www.ramseysolutions.com/real-estate/cost-of-living-in-california.

39.   Center for American Progress. “Quick Facts About the Gender Wage Gap.” March 24, 2020. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/reports/2020/03/24/482141/quick-facts-gender-wage-gap/.

40.   Patten, Eileen. “Racial, gender wage gaps persist in U.S. despite some progress.” Pew Research Center, July 1, 2016. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/01/racial-gender-wage-gaps-persist-in-u-s-despite-some-progress/.

41.   Irwin, Neil. “To Understand Rising Inequality, Consider the Janitors at Two Top Companies, Then and Now.” New York Times, September 3, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/03/upshot/to-understand-rising-inequality-consider-the-janitors-at-two-top-companies-then-and-now.html.

42.   Davis, Alyssa, and Lawrence Mishel. “Runaway CEO pay in 30 seconds.” Economic Policy Institute. https://www.epi.org/multimedia/runaway-ceo-pay-30-seconds/.

43.   Lean In. “What Companies Can Do About Equal Pay.” https://leanin.org/what-companies-can-do-about-equal-pay#!

44.   Money Management Institute. “MMI/FundFire Survey Highlights Racial Diversity Gaps Across Asset Management Industry.” November 8, 2017. https://www.mminst.org/press-releases/mmifundfire-survey-highlights-racial-diversity-gaps-across-asset-management-industry.

45.   Knight Foundation. “Diversifying Investments: A Study of Ownership Diversity and Performance in the Asset Management Industry.” January 28, 2019. https://knightfoundation.org/reports/diversifying-investments-a-study-of-ownership-diversity-and-performance-in-the-asset-management-industry/.

46.   Lyons-Padilla, Sarah, et al. 2019. “Race influences professional investors’ financial judgments.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 116, 35 (2019): 17225-17230. doi:10.1073/pnas.1822052116.

47.   Austermuhle, Martin. “First Walmart Stores In D.C. To Open Dec. 4, Will Employ 600 People.” WAMU, November 19, 2013. https://wamu.org/story/13/11/19/first_walmart_stores_in_dc_to_open_dec_4/.

48.   Freed, Benjamin. “Days After Beating ‘Living Wage’ Bill, Walmart Will Start Hiring for DC Stores.” Washingtonian, September 19, 2013. https://www.washingtonian.com/2013/09/19/days-after-beating-living-wage-bill-walmart-will-start-hiring-for-dc-stores/#.

49.   HR&A. “Economic and Fiscal Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC.” January 2015. https://www.scribd.com/document/259171038/Walmart-Economic-Impact-Study.

50.   Ibid.

51.   Neibauer, Michael. “Wal-Mart’s first year in D.C., by the numbers.” Washington Business Journal, March 18, 2015. https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/breaking_ground/2015/03/wal-marts-first-year-in-d-c-by-the-numbers.html.

52.   Walmart. “Center for Racial Equity.” https://walmart.org/diversity-equity-and-inclusion/center-for-racial-equity.

53.   Walmart. “Human capital: Good jobs and advancement for associates.” https://corporate.walmart.com/esgreport/esg-issues/human-capital.

54.   Walmart. “2019 Environmental, Social and Governance Report.” https://corporate.walmart.com/media-library/document/2019-environmental-social-governance-report/_proxyDocument?id=0000016c-20b5-d46a-afff-f5bdafd30000.

55.   Corkery, Michael. “Walmart will raise hourly pay for 565,000 workers.” New York Times, September 2, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/02/business/walmart-hourly-pay-raise.html.

CHAPTER 5

1.   Of course, there is so much more to learn than I can fit into one book. There are a plethora of books, conferences, classes, and other resources that can help you and your staff bone up on what it takes to create financial and social returns at the same time.

2.   Hartel, Heather. “This New York bakery wants to teach its ‘open hiring’ practices to other companies.” New York Business Journal, July 6, 2018. https://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2018/07/06/this-new-york-bakery-wants-to-teach-itsopen-hiring.html.

3.   Connley, Courtney. “Why the CEO of Basecamp only allows employees to work 32 hours a week.” CNBC, August 4, 2017. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/03/the-ceo-of-basecamp-only-allows-employees-to-put-in-a-32-hour-workweek.html.

4.   Basecamp. “About.” https://basecamp.com/about.

5.   Athleta. “About Us.” https://athleta.gap.com/browse/info.do?cid=1074427&mlink=1074427,15886559,Footer_BrandAmbassadors&clink=15886559#Ambassadors.

6.   Gliffy. “How Tribal Leadership Evolves in the Real World.” October 9, 2017. https://www.gliffy.com/blog/how-tribal-leadership-evolves-in-the-real-world.

7.   Meadows, Donella. Thinking In Systems: A Primer. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2008.

8.   Kania, John, Mark Kramer, and Peter Senge. “The Water of Systems Change.” FSG, May 2018. https://www.fsg.org/publications/water_of_systems_change.

9.   Ibid.

10.   Ibid.