AECS Ltd, 135–136
agriculture, 143–144
Ahuja, M.K., 108
Airbnb, sharing economy, 12
Allen, J., 92
alliances, new knowledge acquisition, 109–111
alterative innovation propositions, 90
Alvarez, S., 47
Amazon, leadership, 37–38
ambidexterity, strategy validation, 89
ambidextrous organizations, 42–45
Anderson, K., 18–19
Anderson, P., 52–53
Ane, B.W., 72
Apple computer, entrepreneurship, 13–14
appropriate structure, 38–40
Artificial Intelligence (AI), 149–150
assurance, 118
Augsdorfer, P., 101, 102
Azerual, B., 112
Baptist Health South Florida, 137
Barney, J., 47
Beason, R., 63
Berry, L.B., 118
Bertels, H., 124
Beynon-Jones, S., 63
Bezos, J., 37–38, 92, 117
Big Data, 20
biotechnology
disruptive technology, 76–77
health care, 130–132
Birkinshaw, J., 73
Blauth, M., 78, 79
Boeing Corporation, dynamic capability, 97–98
Boland, R., 79–80
bold innovation, opportunity emergence, 55–58
bolt-on acquisitions, 111–112
Bootlegging, 100–102
Bransford, B., 123
Brettel, M., 78, 79
Brin, S., 44
Brohman, M.K., 121
Brown, B., 67
Brown, N., 63
Brueller, N.R., 111
Burgelman, R., 99
Burgelman, R.A., 90–91
business model information typology (BMIT), 124
business model innovation, service sector, 124–126
business models, strategy, 91–92
business-to-business (B2B) markets, 26–27
Canon competence, 71–72
car industry, innovation, 6–8
Carley, K.M., 108
Carmeli, A., 111, 112
Carson, D., 73
causation-based decision making, 78–79
Chambers, J., 24–26
Chaston, I., 13
Chen, C., 28
Chesbrough, H., 92, 106
Chinese economy, entrepreneurship, 2
Christensen, C., 60, 98, 99, 125
Christensen, C.M., 43
Cisco, 24–26
Clark, K., 100
Clifford, P.G., 70
cluster, innovation, 15
Colarelli, D., 74
collaboration, competence enhancement, 74
collaborative development, 27–28
collaborative orientation, entrepreneur, 26–28
combinatorial chemistry (CC), 133
combining knowledge, 112–113
communication, leadership, 35–36
competence
contrasting theories, 69–72
creativity, 77–80
dynamic, 72–73
enhancement, 74–77
competence enhancement, innovation, 4
competition, discontinuity, 52
competitive advantage, service sector, 122–123
computer industry, disruptive technology, 75–76
concept-generation process, 130
Conger, J., 36
contrasting theories, competence, 69–72
conventional innovation, 13
Cooper, R.G., 56–57
core competence strategy, 71–72
Corning Company, entrepreneurial competence model, 57–58
cost-effective health care, 135–136
Covin, D., 82
Covin, J.G., 82, 84
Coyne, K.R., 70
creation involves actions, 47
creative destruction, entrepreneurship, 8
creativity
competence, 77–80
regaining, 94–95
Crick, A., 28
Crowther, A.K., 106
customer expectations, meeting, 121–122
customer satisfaction, service sector, 118–122
Dawood, I., 127
decision making, entrepreneurial, 77
del-Palacio, I., 15–16
DeMartino, R., 74
Dess, G., 82
Dess, G.G., 87
detergents, risk, 4–5
digital technology, health care, 134–138
discontinuity, opportunity emergence, 52–55
discovery, opportunity emergence, 47–48
disruption, 13–14, 60
disruptive technology, 75–77
Divvyshot, 112
DNA sequencing technologies, 133
Drori, I., 111
Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, entrepreneur, 22
dynamic capability, managing process, 96–98
dynamic competence, 69–70, 72–73
economic cycles, entrepreneurship, 1
economics, macroenvironment, 60–62
Edison, T., 32–33
effectuation, 48
Eisenhardt, K.M., 98
electric vehicles, 110–111
electronic medical records (EMR), 136
Elsum, I., 124
emergent strategy, 84–85
empathy, 118
Engel, J.S., 15–16
enhancement, competence, 74–77
entrepreneur. See also technological entrepreneurs
entrepreneurial decision making, 77
entrepreneurial innovation, 88
entrepreneurial leaders, 33, 34
entrepreneurial proposition, personal vision, 18–19
entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), 28–29
entrepreneurs
leading-edge technology, 104
entrepreneurship, 8–11
defined, 12–13
infrastructure, 14–16
market disruption, 13–14
market-driven, 9–10
technological, 13
exploitative innovation, 88–90
exploiting autonomy, 41–42
exploiting foresight, 24–26
explorative innovations, 42–43, 88–90
financial services, service sector, 123
firms, strategy validation, 88
Fleming, L., 131
Flynn, M., 67
Ford, H., 6, 33
Ford, M., 150
foresight, entrepreneur, 22–23
foresight, exploiting, 24–26
fracking, development of, 61–62
Friar, J.H., 105
Fuchs, G., 132
4Ps, service sector, 116–117
functional competences, 34–35
Galletta, D.F., 108
gap-based quality factors, 119–120
Gemmell, R.M., 79–80
genetic modification (GM), 68
genetically modified (GM) crops, 144–145
genome sequencing, 145–146
genomics, health care, 132–134
Gibson, C.B., 73
Gilmore, A., 73
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), industrial discontinuity, 54
global warming, 141–143
Goldsmith, M., 34
Google, ambidextrous organization, 44–45
governmental regulation, 63–65
Green, K., 65, 84
Greene, P., 28
Gregoire, D.A., 51
Grobmeiera, C., 95
Guimaraes, R., 123
Guimaraes, T., 123
Gupta, V., 33
Habtay, S.R., 10
Hall, S.D., 70
Hamal, G., 70, 122
health care, 129, 145–147
biotechnology, 130–132
digital technology, 134–138
genomics, 132–134
medical data, 138–140
specialist knowledge, 129–130
heterogeneity, 115
Hewlett Packard’s (HP’s), 112–113
high-end alternative technology, 61–62
high-end risk, 61–62
high-throughput screening (HTS) systems, 133
Hill, C.W., 66, 75
Hofmeister, J., 65
Hornsby, J.S., 73
Humulin, disruptive technology, 76
hybrid projects, 100
IBM company, leadership, 33, 39, 40
idea generation, 79–80
idea-creation process, 130
improvisation, creativity, 77
incremental innovation projects, 100
incumbents, technology, 66
industrial discontinuity, 53–55
Industrial Revolution, entrepreneurship, 1, 11
innovation
competence enhancement, 74
conventional, 13
dimensions, 4
dynamic capability, 96
entrepreneurial, 13
radical, 5–6
intangibility, 115
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 67
internal drug development programs (IDDPs), 133
international knowledge, accessing, 105
Internet and related communications technology, 134–135
Internet of Things (IoT), 150–152
IT revolution, service sector, 126–127
Jane Philips Medical Center, 137–138
Japan, car industry, 6–7
Jarratt, D., 82–83
Kay, A., 71, 122–123
Kets de Vries, M.E., 36
Khoury, A.E., 95
Kirzner, I., 9
Kirzner, I.M., 47
Kliesch-Eberl, M., 96
knowledge. See also new knowledge acquisition
combining, 112–113
specialist, 129–130
knowledge, opportunity emergence, 48–51
Koen, P., 124
Kolb, D., 79–80
Kollmann, T., 87
Kraft, H., 133
Krauss, G., 132
Kuratko, D.F., 73
Lambe, C.J., 110
Land, E., 36–37
Lanterman, M., 138–139
Lazzarotti, V., 106
leaders and structure
ambidextrous organizations, 42–45
appropriate structure, 38–40
communication, 35–36
management style, 31–33
organic structures, 40–42
risk, incorrect convictions, 36–37
role fulfillment, 33–35
visionary entrepreneurs, 37–38
leadership, managing process, 94–95
leadership, retaining, 6–8
leading-edge technology, 104
legislation, macroenvironment, 63–65
Lichtenthaler, E., 106
long-established management philosophy, 4
Lumpkin, G.T., 82, 87
Lydon, S.R., 34
MacMillan, I.C., 33
macroenvironment, 59
economics, 60–62
legislation, 63–65
meta-trends, 67–68
politics, 62–63
technology, 65–67
management philosophy, 4
management style, 31–33
managing process
dilemmas, 93–94
dynamic capability, 96–98
leadership, 94–95
radical innovation, 99–102
strategic planning, 98–99
teams, 95
technological diversity, 97–98
Manzini, R., 106
Marion, T.J., 105
market convention, breaking, 117
market disruption
entrepreneurship, 13–14
market learning, strategy, 85–86
market system model, 59
market-driven entrepreneurship, 9–10
Mauer, R., 78, 79
McKnight, W.L., 41
medical data, health care, 138–140
mergers and acquisitions (M&As), 111, 112
meta-trends, macroenvironment, 67–68
Metzner, D., 23
milk production, risk, 2–3
Millier, P., 86
Mintzberg, H., 81–82
Montagno, R.V., 73
Morris, M., 92
music industry, remodeling, 125–126
Musk, E., 29–30
network structure, 108
networks, entrepreneur, 23–26
networks, new knowledge acquisition, 107–109
new knowledge acquisition
alliances, 109–111
knowledge, 103–105
networks, 107–109
open innovation, 106–107
purchase, 111–113
New product development (NPD), planning, 98–99
New Zealand, Fonterra’s success, 2–3
O’Connor, G., 74
O’Driscoll, A., 73
O’Reilly, C., 43, 89
OPEC oil crisis, 7
open innovation, new knowledge acquisition, 106–107
opportunity emergence
bold innovation, 55–58
discontinuity, 52–55
discovery, 47–48
knowledge, 48–51
opportunity orientation, entrepreneur, 20–22
organic structures, 40–42
Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), industrial discontinuity, 54, 55
outsourcing, 104–105
Overdorf, M., 43
Page, L., 44
Palmer, R., 86
Parasuraman, A., 118, 121
Pellegrini, L., 106
perishability, 115–116
personal health record (PHR) systems, 139–140
personal vision, entrepreneurial proposition, 18–19
pharmaceutical firms, 131
pharmaceutical industry, disruptive technology, 76–77
Piccoli, G., 121
Pisano, G., 72
Polaroid camera, leadership, 36–37
politics, macroenvironment, 62–63
Porter, M., 69
Pralahad, C., 70, 122
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), 142
prior knowledge diversity, 51
product innovation, entrepreneurship, 4
product life cycle (PLC), 4
productivity, service sector, 126
purchase, new knowledge acquisition, 111–113
R&D projects, radical innovation, 99–100
radical entrepreneurial innovation, 66
radical innovation, 5–6
radical innovation projects, 100
radical innovation, managing process, 99–102
Rae, J., 99
re-alignment, strategy, 90–91
real-time teleconnectivity, eye care service, 136
redesigning business process, 123
regaining creativity, 94–95
Reger, G., 23
regulation, governmental, 63–65
reliability, 118
resource-based view (RBV) theory, 69, 122
responsiveness, 118
robots, 147–149
role fulfillment, 33–35
Rosenbach, W.E., 31
Rothaermel, F.T., 66, 75, 109
Rothman, H., 133
rule breaking, benefits, 39–40
Sarasvathy, S.D., 48, 78
Sashkin, M., 31
Savory, C., 71
Schindehutte, M., 92
Schreyogg, G., 96
Schumpeter, J., 8–9
Schumpeter, J.A., 49
search intensity, 51
sectoral architecture, innovation, 4
self-competences, 34
self-efficacy, entrepreneur, 28–30
service sector, 115–117
business model innovation, 124–126
competitive advantage, 122–123
customer satisfaction, 118–122
financial services, 123
IT revolution, 126–127
productivity, 126
SERVQUAL data, 118–120
Shainesh, G., 135
Shane, S., 49, 51
sharing economy, 11
Sharma, A., 93
Shepherd, D.A., 51
Shostak, S., 145
Shuen, A., 72
Siegel, R.A., 90–91
Silicon Valley, entrepreneurship, 15
Simard, C., 106
simultaneous production and consumption, 116
Slevin, D., 84
Slevin, J., 82
smart water management, 143
Smith, K., 146–147
Sony Walkman, technological entrepreneurs, 21
Sorenson, O., 131
SpaceX’s Falcon rocket, entrepreneur, 29–30
specialist knowledge, health care, 129–130
Spekman, R.E., 110
Srivastava, S.C., 135
steel industry, disruptive technology, 76
stem cells, 146–147
Stiles, D., 82–83
Stöckmann, C., 87
strategic planning, managing process, 98–99
strategy, 81–82
business models, 91–92
emergent, 84–85
market learning, 85–86
process, 82–84
re-alignment, 90–91
validation, 86–91
Surie, G., 33
Swiercz, P.M., 34
Tabrizi, B.N., 98
tangibles, 118
teams, managing process, 95
technical intelligence (TI), 66–67
technical solution, creating, 21–22
technological convention disruption, 13–14
technological diversity, managing, 97–98
technological entrepreneurs
collaborative orientation, 26–28
foresight, 22–23
networks, 23–26
opportunity orientation, 20–22
self-efficacy, 28–30
traits, 17
vision, 17–20
technological entrepreneurship, 13, 75
technological fixation, risk, 36–37
technological visionaries, 32–33
technology, macroenvironment, 65–67
technology-based destruction, 11–12
technology-based entrepreneurial (TE) strategy, 86–88
technology-push entrepreneurship, 9–10
Teece, D.J., 72, 90
Tell, J., 107
Thamhain, H.J., 95
3M, entrepreneurial firm, 41–42
3M, managing process, 94
three-dimensional printing (3DPTM), diversity, 51
traits, entrepreneur, 17
transactional leadership, 31, 32
transformational leadership, 31–32
Tushman, M., 43, 52–53, 89
Uber, sharing economy, 11–12
uncertainty, creativity, 78
University Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), 137
validation, strategy, 86–91
vision, entrepreneur, 17–20
visionary entrepreneurs, 37–38
visionary leaders, 32
washing machines, polymer bead cleaning system, 4–5
Watanabe, K., 72
Watson, T.Jr., 33
wealth generation, 1–3
entrepreneurship (see Entrepreneurship)
innovation, 3–8
wearables, IoT, 152
Weinstein, D., 63
West, J., 106
Wheelwright, S., 99
Wheelwright, S.C., 100
White Gold, 2–3
Witt, U., 18
Wright, C.S., 127
Zeithaml, V.A., 118
Zhenga, W., 95