Home Page Icon
Home Page
Table of Contents for
Cover
Close
Cover
by S.A. Khaparde, S.V. Kulkarni
Transformer Engineering, 2nd Edition
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface to the second edition
Foreword to the first edition
Preface to the first edition
Acknowledgments
1 Transformer Fundamentals
1.1 Perspective
1.2 Applications and Types of Transformers
1.3 Principles and the Equivalent Circuit
1.4 Representation of a Transformer in a Power System
1.5 Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Tests
1.6 Voltage Regulation and Efficiency
1.7 Parallel Operation of Transformers
References
2 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1 Construction
2.2 Hysteresis, Eddy, and Anomalous Losses
2.3 Excitation Characteristics
2.4 Over-Excitation Performance
2.5 No-Load Loss Test
2.6 Impact of Manufacturing Processes
2.7 Inrush Current
2.8 Influence of the Core Construction and Winding Connections on No-Load Harmonic Phenomenon
2.9 Transformer Noise
2.10 Rotational Core Losses
References
3 Impedance Characteristics
3.1 Reactance Calculation
3.2 Different Approaches for Reactance Calculation
3.3 Analytical Methods
3.4 Numerical Method for Reactance Calculation
3.5 Impedance Characteristics of Three-Winding Transformers
3.6 Reactance Calculation for Zigzag Transformers
3.7 Zero-Sequence Reactances
3.8 Stabilizing Tertiary Winding
References
4 Eddy Currents and Winding Stray Losses
4.1 Field Equations
4.2 Poynting Vector
4.3 Eddy Current and Hysteresis Losses
4.4 Effect of Saturation
4.5 Eddy Losses in Transformer Windings
4.6 Circulating Current Loss in Transformer Windings
References
5 Stray Losses in Structural Components
5.1 Factors Influencing Stray Losses
5.2 Overview of Methods for Stray Loss Estimation
5.3 Core Edge Loss
5.4 Stray Loss in Frames
5.5 Stray Loss in Flitch Plates
5.6 Stray Loss in Tank
5.7 Stray Loss in Bushing Mounting Plates
5.8 Evaluation of Stray Loss Due to High Current Leads
5.9 Measures for Stray Loss Control
5.10 Methods for Experimental Verification
5.11 Estimation of Stray Losses in Overexcitation Condition
5.12 Load Loss Measurement
References
6 Short-Circuit Stresses and Strength
6.1 Short-Circuit Currents
6.2 Thermal Capability during a Short-Circuit
6.3 Short-Circuit Forces
6.4 Dynamic Behavior under Short-Circuits
6.5 Failure Modes Due to Radial Forces
6.6 Failure Modes Due to Axial Forces
6.7 Failure Modes Due to Interactive (Combined Axial and Radial) Forces
6.8 Effect of Prestress
6.9 Short-Circuit Test
6.10 Effect of Inrush Current
6.11 Split-Winding Transformers
6.12 Short-Circuit Withstand
6.13 Calculation of Electrodynamic Force between Parallel Conductors
6.14 Design of Clamping Structures
References
7 Surge Phenomena in Transformers
7.1 Initial Voltage Distribution
7.2 Ground Capacitance Calculations
7.3 Capacitance of Windings
7.4 Inductance Calculation
7.5 Standing Waves and Traveling Waves
7.6 Methods for Analysis of Impulse Distribution
7.7 Computation of Impulse Voltage Distribution Using State Variable Method
7.8 Winding Design for Reducing Internal Overvoltages
References
8 Insulation Design
8.1 Calculation of Stresses for Simple Configurations
8.2 Field Computations
8.3 Factors Affecting Insulation Strength
8.4 Test Methods and Design Insulation Level (DIL)
8.5 Insulation between Two Windings
8.6 Internal Insulation
8.7 Design of End Insulation
8.8 High-Voltage Lead Clearances
8.9 Statistical Analysis for Optimization and Quality Enhancement
References
9 Cooling Systems
9.1 Modes of Heat Transfer
9.2 Cooling Arrangements
9.3 Dissipation of Core Heat
9.4 Dissipation of Winding Heat
9.5 Aging and Life Expectancy
9.6 Direct Hot Spot Measurement
9.7 Static Electrification Phenomenon
9.8 Recent Trends in Computations
References
10 Structural Design
10.1 Importance of Structural Design
10.2 Different Types of Loads and Tests
10.3 Classification of Transformer Tanks
10.4 Tank Design
10.5 Methods of Analysis
10.6 Overpressure Phenomenon in Transformers
10.7 Seismic Analysis
10.8 Transformer Noise: Characteristics and Reduction
10.9 Transport Vibrations and Shocks
References
11 Special Transformers
11.1 Rectifier Transformers
11.2 Converter Transformers for HVDC
11.3 Furnace Transformers
11.4 Phase Shifting Transformers
References
12 Electromagnetic Fields in Transformers: Theory and Computations
12.1 Perspective
12.2 Basics of Electromagnetic Fields Relevant to Transformer Engineering
12.3 Potential Formulations
12.4 Finite Element Method
12.5 FEM Formulations
12.6 Coupled Fields in Transformers
12.7 Computation of Performance Parameters
References
13 Transformer–System Interactions and Modeling
13.1 Power Flow Analysis with Transformers
13.2 Harmonic Studies
13.3 Ferroresonance
13.4 Arc Furnace Application
13.5 Geomagnetic Disturbances
13.6 Sympathetic Inrush Phenomenon
13.7 Internal Resonances Due to System Transients
13.8 Very Fast Transient Overvoltages
13.9 Transients in Distribution Transformers
13.10 Low-, Mid-, and High-Frequency Models of Transformers
References
14 Monitoring and Diagnostics
14.1 Conventional Tests
14.2 Dissolved Gas Analysis
14.3 Partial Discharge Diagnostics
14.4 Degree of Polymerization and Furan Analysis
14.5 Time Domain Dielectric Response Methods
14.6 Frequency Domain Dielectric Response Method
14.7 Detection of Winding Displacements
14.8 Accessories
14.9 Other Diagnostic Tests/Instruments
14.10 Life Assessment and Refurbishment
References
15 Recent Trends in Transformer Technology
15.1 Magnetic Circuit
15.2 Windings
15.3 New Insulating Liquids
15.4 Advanced Computations
15.5 Transformers for Renewable Energy Applications
15.6 Applications of Power Electronics
15.7 Other Technologies
15.8 Trends in Monitoring and Diagnostics
References
Appendix A: Sample Design
Appendix B: Vector Groups
Appendix C: Fault Calculations
Appendix D: Stress and Capacitance Formulae
Index
Search in book...
Toggle Font Controls
Playlists
Add To
Create new playlist
Name your new playlist
Playlist description (optional)
Cancel
Create playlist
Sign In
Email address
Password
Forgot Password?
Create account
Login
or
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
Sign Up
Full Name
Email address
Confirm Email Address
Password
Login
Create account
or
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
Next
Next Chapter
Half Title
Add Highlight
No Comment
..................Content has been hidden....................
You can't read the all page of ebook, please click
here
login for view all page.
Day Mode
Cloud Mode
Night Mode
Reset