Appendix 2: Notation and abbreviations

Notation

A area (m²)

a regression parameter

b, β₁ and β₂ constants for the Klinkenberg equation

B, B₁ and B₂ Tafel constants

c concentration (mol/m³)

C concentration (kg/m³)

C_I concentration of ions per unit volume of liquid (kg/m³)

C_s total concentration per unit volume of the solid (kg/m³)

Ct_i thickness of cell i (m)

D diffusion coefficient (m²/s)

D_a apparent or effective diffusion coefficient (m²/s)

D_i intrinsic diffusion coefficient (m²/s)

DD dry density (mass/bulk volume) (kg/m³)

E electric field (V/m)

e viscosity (Pa s)

e₀ electronic charge (C)

E Young’s modulus (Pa)

E0 rest potential (V)

F flux (kg/m²/s)

F_a Faraday constant = 9.65 × 10⁴ C/mol

F_v volumetric flux (m³/s)

F_i inwards force (N)

F₀ outwards force (N)

g gravitational constant = 9.81 (m/s²)

h head of water (m)

I Current (A)

I_a, I_c anode and cathode current (A)

I_a0, I_c0 anode and cathode exchange current (A)

I_corr corrosion current (A)

ISA initial surface absorption (m³/m²/s)

ISA₁₀ ISA value at 10 min (m³/m²/s).

J flux (mol/m²/s)

K intrinsic permeability (m²)

K_B Boltzmann constant (J/K)

k coefficient of permeability (m/s)

K_g gas intrinsic permeability of concrete (m²)

K_I water intrinsic permeability of concrete (m²)

K_v vapour intrinsic permeability for the vapour (m²)

K_∞ intrinsic permeability at infinite pressure (m²)

L length (mm)

M mass (kg)

m atomic/molecular mass (kg)

n number of mols

n regression parameter

P pressure (Pa)

P_atm atmospheric pressure (Pa)

P_i initial vacuum (Pa)

P_m mean pressure (Pa)

P₁₀, P₂₀ initial low and high pressures (Pa)

P_v pressure in void (Pa)

P_r pressure at radius r (Pa)

Q gas generation rate or volumetric flow (m³/s)

Q charge (C)

R gas constant = 8.31 (J/mol/K)

R resistance (Ω)

R void radius (m)

RH relative humidity

r radius of the pores (m)

s surface tension (N/m)

S sorptivity (m s^−0.5)

SG specific gravity (mass/net volume) (kg/m³)

S_r radial hoop stress (Pa)

S_θ tangential hoop stress (Pa)

T temperature (K)

t time (s)

t_i transference number for ion i

u_i mobility of species i in the pore fluid (m²/s/V)

V coefficient of variation

V volume (m³)

V_F Darcy velocity for the fluid (m/s)

V % coefficient of variation %

V₀ volume of drilled hole (m³)

V′ ratio of the reservoir volumes (V1/V2)

W_F ratio of the water vapour volume to the volume of the same mass of water as a liquid

x distance (m)

X distance across permeation block (m)

X_s radius of hemisphere (m)

x₀ radius of drilled hole (m)

x₁ separation of drilled holes (m)

y displacement (m)

z valence of an ion

α capacity factor

β 2KsαA²/re

γ 6π/x²₀

γ_ν radial displacement of the void surface (m)

γ surface tension of the mercury (N/m)

δ (8π/Ks)/re

ε permittivity (C²/N/m²)

ε porosity

κ inverse Debye length (m⁻¹)

ν Poisson’s ratio

ρ density (kg/m³)

ρ electrical resistivity (Ωm)

σ electrical conductivity (Ωm)⁻¹

λ mean free path (m)

ɸ voltage (V)

ɸ_a0, ɸ_c0 anode and cathode exchange voltage (V)

ɸ_p membrane potential (V)

φ contact angle of the mercury with the pore surface

ξ outer radius of repository (m)

Abbreviations

ANN artificial neural network

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

CAT cover concrete absorption test

CC curing condition

CKD cement kiln dust

DD dry density (mass/total volume)

GAV gas accessible volume

GGBS ground granulated blastfurnace slag

HDPE high density polyethylene

Hg mercury (intrusion)

HP high pressure (test)

ICP inductive coupled plasma

ISA or ISAT initial surface absorption (test)

LVDT linear voltage displacement transducer

LWC low water concrete

M molar (concentration mol/litre)

N normal (concentration mol/litre)

MIP mercury intrusion porosimeter

NS not significant

NTBUILD Norwegian standard for building

PC (or OPC) Portland cement

PFA pulverised fuel ash

ppm parts per million

RH relative humidity

SCE saturated calomel electrode

SF silica fume

SG specific gravity (mass/net volume)

SRC sulphate resisting cement

SV sample volume

w/b water to binder ratio

w/c water to cement ratio