- About This E-Book
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents at a Glance
- Table of Contents
- About the Author
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- We Want to Hear from You!
- Reader Services
- Introduction
- Part I: Getting Started
- Chapter 1. Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration
- Chapter 2. Background Information and Resources
- Part II: Desktop Ubuntu
- Chapter 3. Working with Unity
- Chapter 4. On the Internet
- Chapter 5. Productivity Applications
- Chapter 6. Multimedia Applications
- Chapter 7. Other Ubuntu Interfaces
- Chapter 8. Games
- Part III: System Administration
- Chapter 9. Managing Software
- Chapter 10. Command-Line Beginner’s Class
- What Is the Command Line?
- Accessing the Command Line
- User Accounts
- Reading Documentation
- Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy
- Essential Commands in /bin and /sbin
- Configuration Files in /etc
- User Directories: /home
- Using the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel
- Working with Shared Data in the /usr Directory
- Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory
- Accessing Variable Data Files in the /var Directory
- Navigating the Linux File System
- Working with Permissions
- Working with Files
- Creating a File with touch
- Creating a Directory with mkdir
- Deleting a Directory with rmdir
- Deleting a File or Directory with rm
- Moving or Renaming a File with mv
- Copying a File with cp
- Displaying the Contents of a File with cat
- Displaying the Contents of a File with less
- Using Wildcards and Regular Expressions
- Working as Root
- Commonly Used Commands and Programs
- References
- Chapter 11. Command-Line Master Class Part 1
- Why Use the Command Line?
- Using Basic Commands
- Printing the Contents of a File with cat
- Changing Directories with cd
- Changing File Access Permissions with chmod
- Copying Files with cp
- Printing Disk Usage with du
- Using echo
- Finding Files by Searching with find
- Searches for a String in Input with grep
- Paging Through Output with less
- Creating Links Between Files with ln
- Finding Files from an Index with locate
- Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls
- Listing System Information with lsblk, lshw, lsmod, and lspci
- Reading Manual Pages with man
- Making Directories with mkdir
- Moving Files with mv
- Renaming Files with rename
- Deleting Files and Directories with rm
- Sorting the Contents of a File with sort
- Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail
- Printing the Location of a Command with which
- Download Files with wget
- References
- Chapter 12. Command-Line Master Class Part 2
- Redirecting Output and Input
- stdin, stdout, stderr, and Redirection
- Comparing Files
- Limiting Resource Use and Job Control
- Combining Commands
- Using Environment Variables
- Using Common Text Editors
- Working with Compressed Files
- Using Multiple Terminals with byobu
- Polite System Reset Using REISUB
- Fixing an Ubuntu System That Will Not Boot
- Tips and Tricks
- Running the Previous Command
- Running Any Previous Command
- Running a Previous Command that Started with Specific Letters
- Running the Same Thing You Just Ran with a Different First Word
- Viewing Your History and More
- Doing Two or More Things
- Using Shortcuts
- Confining a Script to a Directory
- Using Coreutils
- Reading the Contents of the Kernel Ring Buffer with dmesg
- References
- Chapter 13. Managing Users
- Chapter 14. Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting
- Scheduling Tasks
- Basic Shell Control
- Writing and Executing a Shell Script
- Running the New Shell Program
- Storing Shell Scripts for System-Wide Access
- Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells
- Using Variables in Shell Scripts
- Assigning a Value to a Variable
- Accessing Variable Values
- Positional Parameters
- A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter
- Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve Variables from the Command Line
- Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks
- Built-In Variables
- Special Characters
- Using Double Quotes to Resolve Variables in Strings with Embedded Spaces
- Using Single Quotes to Maintain Unexpanded Variables
- Using the Backslash as an Escape Character
- Using the Backtick to Replace a String with Output
- Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash
- Comparing Expressions with tcsh
- The for Statement
- The while Statement
- The until Statement
- The repeat Statement (tcsh)
- The select Statement (pdksh)
- The shift Statement
- The if Statement
- The case Statement
- The break and exit Statements
- Using Functions in Shell Scripts
- References
- Chapter 15. The Boot Process
- Running Services at Boot
- Beginning the Boot Loading Process
- Loading the Linux Kernel
- System Services and Runlevels
- Runlevel Definitions
- Booting into the Default Runlevel
- Understanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of Initialization
- Controlling Services at Boot with Administrative Tools
- Changing Runlevels
- Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems
- Starting and Stopping Services Manually
- Using Upstart
- systemd
- Boot Repair
- References
- Chapter 16. System-Monitoring Tools
- Chapter 17. Backing Up
- Chapter 18. Networking
- Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface
- Checking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtr
- Networking with TCP/IP
- IPv6 Basics
- Network Organization
- Hardware Devices for Networking
- Using Network Configuration Tools
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- Wireless Networking
- Beyond the Network and onto the Internet
- Common Configuration Information
- Configuring Dial-Up Internet Access
- Troubleshooting Connection Problems
- References
- Chapter 19. Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC
- Chapter 20. Securing Your Machines
- Chapter 21. Performance Tuning
- Chapter 22. Kernel and Module Management
- Part IV: Ubuntu as a Server
- Chapter 23. Sharing Files and Printers
- Chapter 24. Apache Web Server Management
- About the Apache Web Server
- Installing the Apache Server
- Runtime Server Configuration Settings
- File System Authentication and Access Control
- Apache Modules
- mod_access
- mod_alias
- mod_asis
- mod_auth
- mod_auth_anon
- mod_auth_dbm
- mod_auth_digest
- mod_autoindex
- mod_cgi
- mod_dir and mod_env
- mod_expires
- mod_headers
- mod_include
- mod_info and mod_log_config
- mod_mime and mod_mime_magic
- mod_negotiation
- mod_proxy
- mod_rewrite
- mod_setenvif
- mod_speling
- mod_status
- mod_ssl
- mod_unique_id
- mod_userdir
- mod_usertrack
- mod_vhost_alias
- Virtual Hosting
- Logging
- HTTPS
- References
- Chapter 25. Nginx Web Server Management
- Chapter 26. Other HTTP Servers
- Chapter 27. Remote File Serving with FTP
- Chapter 28. Handling Email
- Chapter 29. Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Chapter 30. Administering Relational Database Services
- Chapter 31. NoSQL Databases
- Chapter 32. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
- Chapter 33. Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)
- Chapter 34. Virtualization on Ubuntu
- Chapter 35. Ubuntu in the Cloud
- Chapter 36. Managing Sets of Servers
- Chapter 37. Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS)
- Part V: Programming Linux
- Chapter 38. Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu
- Chapter 39. Opportunistic Development
- Chapter 40. Helping with Ubuntu Development
- Chapter 41. Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA
- Chapter 42. Using Popular Programming Languages
- Chapter 43. Beginning Mobile Development for Android
- Chapter 44. Developing for Ubuntu Mobile/Touch
- Index
- Bonus Chapters
- Chapter 45. Using Perl
- Chapter 46. Using Python
- Bonus Chapter 47. Using PHP
- Code Snippets
About the Author
Matthew Helmke is an active member of the Ubuntu community. He served from 2006 to 2011 on the Ubuntu Forum Council, providing leadership and oversight of the Ubuntu Forums (www.ubuntuforums.org), and spent two years on the Ubuntu regional membership approval board for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. He has written about Ubuntu for several magazines and websites, is a lead author of The Official Ubuntu Book, and coauthored The VMware Cookbook. He works as a technical writer for Canonical, Inc., documenting cloud- and DevOps-related software. Matthew first used Unix in 1987 while studying LISP on a VAX at the university. He has run a business using only free- and open-source software, has consulted, and has a master’s degree in Information Resources and Library Science from the University of Arizona. You can find out more about Matthew at matthewhelmke.com or drop him a line with errata or suggestions at [email protected].
Andrew Hudson is a freelance journalist who specializes in writing about Linux. He has significant experience in Red Hat- and Debian-based Linux distributions and deployments and can often be found sitting at his keyboard tweaking various settings and config files just for the hell of it. He lives in Wiltshire, which is a county of England, along with his wife, Bernice, and their son, John. Andrew does not like Emacs. He can be reached at [email protected].
Paul Hudson is a recognized expert in open source technologies. He is a professional developer and full-time journalist for Future Publishing. His articles have appeared in MacFormat, PC Answers, PC Format, PC Plus, and Linux Format. Paul is passionate about free software in all its forms and uses a mix of Linux and BSD to power his desktops and servers. Paul likes Emacs. Paul can be contacted through http://hudzilla.org.
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