Index
Symbols
& (ampersand), 215, 221–222, 277, 637
(backslash), 289
! (bang), 237
| (bar) operator, 219–222, 276
[ ] (brackets), 231
^ (caret), 567
$ (dollar sign)
end of URL, 567
variable names, 282
" (double quotation marks), 288
/ (forward slash), 10
< (left angle bracket), 222, 275
( ) (parentheses), 222
? (question mark), 275
> (right angle bracket), 275
; (semicolon), 222, 306, 403, 583
#! (shebang), 280
’ (single quotation marks), 288
$? special variable, 286
$# special variable, 286
$* special variable, 286
$0 special variable, 286
~ (tilde), 152
10BASE-T, 383
100BASE-T, 383
1000BASE-T, 383
1000BASE-X, 384
A
AAAA record (DNS), 662
AbiWord, 79
ac command, 264
accept command, 487
access control
ACLs (access control lists), 171–173, 563–567
Apache
accounts
Launchpad
creating, 696
uploading SSH key to, 697
user accounts
file permissions, 244
GIDs (group IDs), 244
super users/root users, 242–244
UIDs (user IDs), 244
user stereotypes, 245
ACID compliance (databases), 587–588
ACLs (access control lists), 171–173, 563–567
activating DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol), 400–401
Ada, 710
Adblock Plus, 64
add-apt-repository command, 730
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), 382
address-based virtual hosts, 507–508
addressing
broadcast addressing, 382
IPv4 addressing, 374–376, 567–568
MAC (Media Access Control) addresses, 382
multicasting, 382
unicast addressing, 382
administering LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), 621–622
Adobe Photoshop, 94
“Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide” (Cooper), 39
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA), 86
Advanced Package Tool. See APT (Advanced Package Tool)
afio, 359
all-in-one print/fax/scan devices, 487
AllowOverrides directives, 497–498
Alpine, 68
ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture), 86
Android
Android Runtime, 724
Android Studio installation, 725
development for
Android Studio installation, 725
applications, creating, 727
online resources, 728
SDK (software development kit) installation, 725–727
android-studio/bin/ directory, 725
anonymous FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Ansible, 657
Apache Hadoop, 611
Apache Software Foundation, 77–78, 490
Apache Tomcat, 530
access control
modules. See modules
online resources, 513
runtime server configuration settings
.htaccess configuration files, 496–498
MPMs (multiprocessing modules), 495–496
overview, 492
runtime configuration directives, 492–493
virtual hosting
address-based virtual hosts, 507–508
name-based virtual hosts, 508–509
overview, 507
apache2 package, 490
APIs (application programming interfaces), 606
app development, 698
apparmor-profiles package, 436
Apple hardware, installing Ubuntu on, 3
Application Framework (Android), 725
application programming interfaces (APIs), 606
apply-patch, 690
apport.log, 330
advantages of, 138
apt simplified interface, 142–143
apt-get dist-upgrade command, 139
apt-get install command, 139–141
apt-get remove command, 141
apt-get update command, 138
apt-get upgrade command, 138–139
apt-get utility, 16
overview, 637
archives, PPAs (personal package archives)
creating, 688
Ubuntu SDK, 730
ARM processors, 724
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), 382
ARPANET, 63
The Art of Unix Programming (Raymond), 185
assigning file permissions, 166–167
assigning variables, 282
atime, disabling, 445
atomicity, 587
authentication
authenticated FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 532
auth.log, 330
AuthType directive, 500
AuthUserFile directive, 500
AND (auto nice daemon), 340
auto nice daemon (AND), 340
autocracking scripts, 426
autoresponders, 556
.avi filename extension, 106
Avidemux, 108
B
Babbage, Charles, 710
background
background processing, 277
running jobs in, 215
backports, 20
backslash (), 289
backups. See also version control systems
backup strategy
full incremental backups, 347
full periodic backups, 347
mirroring systems, 348
RAID arrays, 348
reasons for data loss, 341–343
simple strategy, 346
file copying
mc command, 362
overview, 360
hardware
CD-RW, 349
cloud storage, 350
DVD+RW/-RW, 349
network storage, 349
levels, 346
online resources, 368
software
afio, 359
flexbackup, 359
GNOME File Roller, 353
KDE ark archiving tool, 353–354
before Ubuntu installation, 7
badblocks command, 445
Bandwidth Meter and Diagnostics, 64
bang (!), 237
bar operator (|), 219–221, 276
Base, 77
bash, comparing expressions in
basic input/output system. See BIOS (basic input/output system)
configuration, 697
bch command, 690
BDB (Berkeley DB), 606–607, 615
Beekmans, Gerard, 39
beep codes, 313
Berkeley DB (BDB), 606–607, 615
Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND), 665–667
Berners-Lee, Tim, 63
BigTable, 611
bikeshed package, 689
BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain), 665–667
bind9 package, 666
BIOS (basic input/output system)
beep codes, 313
checking, 235
hard disk optimization, 442–443
Bitbucket, 686
.bmp filename extension, 95
boot loader
GRUB2 (Grand Unified Boot Loader)
checking, 235
installation, 5
restoring, 367
boot process
BIOS (basic input/output system), 311–313
boot loader
GRUB2 (Grand Unified Boot Loader), 5, 235–236
installation, 5
restoring, 367
dual boot, 6
init systems
Linux kernel, loading, 314–315
MBR (master boot record)
definition of, 313
installing boot loader to, 5
online resources, 322
overview, 311
runlevels
default runlevel, booting into, 316
definitions, 315
purpose of, 315
troubleshooting, 319
system services
starting/stopping manually, 319
troubleshooting
starting/stopping services manually, 319
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), 313–314
/boot/initrd.img file, 470
boot.log, 330
bootmail, 691
brackets ([ ]), 231
break statement, 307
Breezy Badger, 33
bridges, 386
bridge-utils package, 634
broadcast addressing, 382
Brooktree Bt*** chips, 104
browsers. See web browsers
brute-forcing, 419
Bsdftpd-ssl, 533
buffers, kernel ring, 239
Bug Squad, 705
bugs
Bug Squad, 705
debugging tools
gdb command, 675
gprof command, 675
finding, 701
bunzip2 command, 232
Burian, Michael, 39
burning
business environments, Ubuntu in, 33–34
Bynari, 558
Byobu, 689
bzip2 command, 232
bzr add command, 683
bzr cdiff command, 684
bzr checkout command, 683
bzr commit command, 684
bzr init command, 683
bzr push command, 684
bzr-builddeb command, 695
bzrp command, 690
C
C language
debugging
gdb command, 675
gprof command, 675
table cache, 451
CAG (Carrier Advisory Group), 730
Calc, 76
cameras, digital, 98
cancel command, 487
capturing screen images, 97
caret (^), 567
Carrier Advisory Group (CAG), 730
Cassandra, 607
cat command, 160, 177, 185–189, 330
categories of UTP (unshielded twisted-pair), 384–385
CCSM (CompizConfig Settings Manager), 59, 60
CDs
burning
CD-RW, 349
Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs), 511, 524
CGI (Common Gateway Interface), 718
Chalup, Strata R., 40
change command, 264
changing
file permissions
chgrp command, 170
overview, 191
channels (IRC), 42
chattr command, 445
checking
BIOS (basic input/output system), 235
dependency checking, 671
GRUB2 (Grand Unified Boot Loader), 235
loopback interface availability, 370
for updates
APT (Advanced Package Tool), 138
Chef, 656
cherokee-admin-launcher command, 528–529
chfn command, 264
children’s games, 129
Chinese-language Ubuntu Kylin, 118
chmod command, 168–169, 191, 244, 264
choosing passwords, 12
chpasswd command, 264
CIDR (classless interdomain routing) notation, 550, 567
Cinelerra, 108
classless interdomain routing (CIDR) notation, 550, 567
Claws, 68
CLF (Combined Log Format), 509
CLI (command-line interface). See command line
clients
email clients
Alpine, 68
choosing, 66
Claws, 68
Kmail, 68
Mutt, 68
web-based email applications, 68
gv, 36
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) clients, 70–71
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
Evolution, 620
Thunderbird, 621
NFS (Network File System), 475–476
thin clients, 623
VPNs (virtual private networks), 571–573
clojure package, 711
Clonezilla, 7
cloud computing
advantages of, 642
backups, 350
deployment, 644
IaaS (infrastructure as a service), 643
Juju
GUI (graphical user interface), 652
on Mac OS X and Windows, 653
Mojo, 653
overview, 647
Quickstart, 653
Landscape, 654
MaaS (metal as a service), 643, 653–654
online resources, 654
OpenStack
Glance, 647
Horizon, 647
Keystone, 646
Neutron, 646
online resources, 647
overview, 645
Swift, 646
PaaS (platform as a service), 643
SaaS (software as a service), 643
Snappy Ubuntu Core, 653
cloud-sandbox command, 690
Cloudsmith, 656
CNAME record (DNS), 663
COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), 711–712
code names, 33
CodeWeavers CrossOver Office, 83
Combined Log Format (CLF), 509
combining commands
process substitution, 222
in sequence, 222
comma separated values (CSV), 231
command line. See also commands
documentation
man pages, 156
whereis command, 157
DVDs, burning
session writing, 103
text-based console login, 152
logging out
text-based console login, 153
online resources, 184, 208, 240
super users/root users
deleting users, 182
overview, 178
commands. See also command line
ac, 264
accept, 487
add-apt-repository, 730
afio, 359
aliases, 278
apply-patch, 690
apt-file, 695
apt-get dist-upgrade, 139
apt-get remove, 141
badblocks, 445
bch, 690
bootmail, 691
bunzip2, 232
bzip2, 232
bzr add, 683
bzr cdiff, 684
bzr checkout, 683
bzr commit, 684
bzr init, 683
bzr push, 684
bzr-builddeb, 695
bzrp, 690
cancel, 487
change, 264
chattr, 445
cherokee-admin-launcher, 528–529
chfn, 264
chpasswd, 264
cloud-sandbox, 690
combining
process substitution, 222
in sequence, 222
command history, viewing, 237
convert, 96
createuser, 593
date, 24
deluser, 182
depmod, 459
diff, 212
disable, 487
dman, 690
dropuser, 594
du, 192
e2fsck, 445
echo, 193
edquota, 263
enable, 487
environment variables, 222–226
etckeeper, 365
exit, 153
faillog, 330
flexbackup, 359
gdb, 675
git add, 683
git commit, 683
git init, 682
git pull, 683
git push, 683
git remote add, 682
git rm, 683
gnome-screenshot, 97
gnome-terminal, 151
GNU Coreutils, 239
gnupg, 695
gpasswd, 247
gprof, 675
groovyConsole, 715
groovysh, 715
groupadd, 247
groupdel, 247
groupmod, 247
groups, 264
gunzip, 232
gzip, 232
hdparm, 443
hg add, 686
hg commit, 686
hg init, 686
hg push, 686
hg update, 686
htop, 327
htpasswd, 499
hwclock, 24
if config, 370
info, 156
initrd, 458
insmod, 458
ip, 392
iptables, 435
iwlist, 405
iwpriv, 405
iwspy, 405
jobs, 214
keep-one-running, 691
keyboard shortcuts, 238
lastlog, 330
ldapadd, 622
ldapdelete, 622
ldapmodify, 621
ldapsearch, 621
locate, 200
logname, 264
logout, 153
lp, 487
lpc, 487
lpq, 487
lprm, 487
lpstat, 487
lua, 717
make config, 466
make oldconfig, 467
make xconfig, 467
mc, 362
mkinitrd, 470
mkisofs, 101
modinfo, 459
mtr, 373
mysql_install_db, 589
nano, 227
netstat, 394
newusers, 264
nm-connection-editor, 389
passwd, 249
patch, 464
pbget, 690
pbput, 690
pbputs, 690
pbuilder, 695
pppconfig, 412
printing location of, 207
psql, 600
purge-old-kernels, 691
quickstart, 653
quotacheck, 263
quotaoff, 263
quotaon, 263
regular expressions, 177
release, 690
release-build, 690
rename, 204
repquota, 263
rmmod, 458
running
in sequence, 222
run-one, 691
run-this-one, 691
scp, 418
smbclient, 482
socks-prox, 690
software updater, 15
sox, 89
ssh-import-id, 691
svn add, 685
svn checkout, 685
svn commit, 685
svn delete, 685
svn import, 684
svn update, 685
svnadmin create, 684
sync, 444
systemctl, 321
systemd, 318
system-search, 690
telinit, 318
telnet, 416
terminal, 16
testdrive, 706
traceroute, 373
tripwire, 430
tune2fs, 444
uname, 30
uptime, 328
uquick, 691
usermod, 249
virt-install, 636
vmbuilder, 635
vmstat, 328
whatis, 203
what-provides, 691
which, 207
wildcards, 177
wish, 281
zless, 36
commercial games, 129
Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL), 711–712
Common Gateway Interface (CGI), 718
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS), 483–486
CommuniGate Pro, 557
comparison of expressions
file operators
number comparison
string comparison
comparison of files
diff command, 212
compiled languages, 670
compiling
kernel
errors, 471
initial RAM disk image, creating, 470
software
JIT (just-in-time) compilation, 724
from Ubuntu repository source, 144–145
Compiz, 112
CompizConfig Settings Manager (CCSM), 59, 60
compressed files, 232
compute infrastructure (OpenStack), 645–646
CONCAT() function, 585
Apache
.htaccess configuration files, 496–498
modules, 502
MPMs (multiprocessing modules), 495–496
overview, 492
runtime configuration directives, 492–493
Bazaar, 697
configuration-management tools, 656
desktop environments, 52
development system
Launchpad account, creating, 696
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
DHCP server, 402
DNS (Domain Name System) servers, 665–667
Fetchmail
global options, 552
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
ftphosts file, 539
quick-and-dirty installation, 535
software installation, 533–534
Very Secure FTP server, 536–538
Internet connections
dial-up Internet access, 412–413
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet), 411–412
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
servers, 616
MySQL
/etc/hosts file, 395
/etc/resolv.conf file, 396–397
graphical configuration tools, 397–399
ip command, 392
netstat command, 394
network configuration tools, 389
NFS (Network File System)
Nginx
online resources, 27
post-installation configuration
power management, 22
printers, 22
system settings, 21
software management
dotdee (.d), 145
Squid
sample configurations, 568–569
UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), 432–435
Unity
CCSM (CompizConfig Settings Manager), 59
Smart Scopes, 59
version control systems, 364–366
VPNs (virtual private networks)
window managers, 52
configure.in file, 674
confining scripts to directories, 238–239
connections, checking, 371–373
consistency, 587
console-based monitoring
disk quotas, 329
log files
vmstat command, 328
contents of files
displaying, 177
control structures. See loops
convert command, 96
Cooper, Mendel, 39
copying files
mc command, 362
overview, 360
core dumps, 675
Coreutils, 239
CouchDB, 609
crackers, 426
CREATE DATABASE statement, 590, 593
CREATE USER statement, 593
createuser command, 593
CrossOver Office, 83
CSRs (Certificate Signing Requests), 511, 524
CSV (comma separated values), 231
CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System), 483–486
cupsd.conf file, 483
D
.d (dotdee), 145
daemons
AND (auto nice daemon), 340
pppd, 549
Dapper Drake, 33
darktable, 97
dashboard (OpenStack), 647
data
data directory initialization (PostgreSQL), 592
inserting into SQL databases, 583–584
piping, 276
retrieving from SQL databases, 583–584
Data Display Debugger (ddd), 675
database administrators (DBAs), 577–578, 605
DBAs (database administrators), 577–578
flat file databases, 578
NoSQL databases. See NoSQL databases
related Ubuntu commands, 601
relational databases. See relational databases
date command, 24
date/time configuration
date command, 24
hwclock command, 24
overview, 23
Time & Date tool, 23
DBAs (database administrators), 577–578, 605
ddd (Data Display Debugger), 675
debugging tools
gdb command, 675
gprof command, 675
default runlevel, booting into, 316
default-jdk package, 716
deleting
directories
files
from Git repositories, 683
rm command, 205
from Subversion, 685
PostgreSQL users, 594
users, 182
Dell, 38
deluser command, 182
Dent, Kyle, 548
dependencies, 673
dependency checking, 671
deployment of cloud computing, 644
depmod command, 459
Desktop DVD, 2
desktop environments
configuration, 52
GNOME3 and Ubuntu GNOME, 116–117
Ubuntu Kylin, 118
Unity
default look, 53
virtualization
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), 633–637
online resources, 639
VMware, 639
Xen, 639
detecting printers, 22
development (Ubuntu)
for Android
Android Studio installation, 725
applications, creating, 727
online resources, 728
overview, 723
SDK (software development kit) installation, 725–727
code names, 33
environment setup
Bazaar configuration, 697
SSH key, 697
helping with
app development, 698
Launchpad account, creating, 696
MOTUs (Masters of the Universe), 701
online resources, 702
package installation/configuration, 695–696
scope development, 698
history of, 33
Launchpad account, creating, 696
opportunistic development
definition of, 681
online resources, 692
snap packaging, 689
package installation/configuration, 695–696
for Ubuntu Mobile
applications, creating, 730
online resources, 731
SDK (software development kit) installation, 730
device drivers, 457
Device section (xorg.conf), 49–50
device security, 431
devices.txt file, 455
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
DHCP server, 402
network host configuration, 403–404
uses for, 405
The DHCP Handbook, 405
Dia, 77
dial-up Internet access, 412–413
diff command, 212
differences between files, finding, 212
digiKam, 98
digital cameras, 98
digital subscriber line (DSL), 408–412
Dijkstra, Edsger, 712
directives
AuthType, 500
AuthUserFile, 500
DirectoryIndex, 495
DocumentRoot, 495
Group, 494
Listen, 493
NameVirtualHost, 508
satisfy, 501
ServerAdmin, 494
ServerRoot, 493
User, 494
directories. See also file system
android-studio/bin/, 725
deleting
rmdir command, 174
/etc
/etc/bind/named.conf.local, 666
/etc/bind/named.conf.options, 666
/etc/cups/cupsd.conf, 483
/etc/fstab, 475
/etc/hosts, 395
/etc/init.d, 315
/etc/modprobe.conf, 387–388, 459
/etc/modules.conf, 105
/etc/nginx, 518
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf, 518–520
/etc/postfix, 546
/etc/ppp/peers, 549
/etc/resolv.conf, 396–397, 667
/etc/squid3/squid.conf, 563
/etc/ssh/sshd_config, 377
finding current, 165
/home, 159
LDAP directories
DIT (Directory Information Tree), 616
making, 204
Options, 497
require, 500
/sbin
/sbin/ip, 392
/sbin/netstat, 394
/tmp, 162
/usr
overview, 161
/usr/bin, 45
/usr/include, 45
/usr/lib, 45
/usr/lib/modules, 45
/usr/lib/X11, 45
/usr/local/programs, 478
/usr/share/doc, 35
/usr/share/doc/xchat, 70
/usr/share/man, 35
/var, 162
Directory Information Tree (DIT), 616
DirectoryIndex directive, 495
disable command, 487
disabling
Apache modules, 502
file access time, 445
disaster recovery plans, 437–438
disk space
disk usage, printing, 192
display managers
LDM (LTSP Display Manager), 628
LightDM, 51
displaying
command history, 237
distribution systems, 407
DIT (Directory Information Tree), 616
dman command, 690
online resources, 667
records
A, 662
AAAA, 662
CNAME, 663
MX, 663
TXT, 665
servers
configuring with BIND, 665–667
DocBook, 81
The Document Foundation, 77–78
document stores
CouchDB, 609
MongoDB, 610
documentation
IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 42
Linux Documentation Project, 413
Ubuntu-related websites, 40–42
whereis command, 157
DocumentRoot directive, 495
dollar sign ($)
end of URL, 567
variable names, 282
Domain Name System. See DNS (Domain Name System)
domain names, 661. See also DNS (Domain Name System)
dotdee (.d), 145
double quotation marks ("), 288
Draw, 77
drivers
device drivers, 457
proprietary video drivers, installing, 122–123
drives
partition strategies
GParted, 11
/home partition, 10
planning, 5
root partitions, 10
swap partitions, 10
USB drives, installing Ubuntu from, 3–4
Drizzle, 577
DROP USER statement, 594
dropuser command, 594
DSL (digital subscriber line), 408–412
du command, 192
dual boot, 6
dummy interface, 371
durability, 588
DVDs
DVD+RW/-RW, 349
Ubuntu rescue disk, 367
Dynamic Host Control Protocol. See DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
Dynamo, 608
Dyn.com, 400
E
e2fsck command, 445
echo command, 193
Eclipse, 679
Edgy Eft, 33
editing
PDF (Portable Document Format) files, 81
editors. See productivity; text editors
edquota command, 263
#edubuntu channel, 42
Elixir, 713
elixir package, 713
clients
Alpine, 68
choosing, 66
Claws, 68
Kmail, 68
Mutt, 68
web-based email applications, 68
Fetchmail
installation, 551
Postfix
mail relaying, 550
masquerading, 548
message delivery intervals, 549
smart hosts, 549
sending/receiving
MDAs (mail delivery agents), 544–545, 555–556
MTAs (mail transfer agents), 541–544
MUAs (mail user agents), 545
EMCAScript, 716
emulation, 632
emulators (gaming), 121
enable command, 487
enabling. See configuration
encrypting/home partition, 10
endless loops, 301
Enlightenment, 112
enterprise server monitoring, 340
environment variables, 222–226, 281
epic client, 70
erlang package, 713
errors, kernel, 471
escape character, 287
/etc directory. See directories, /etc
etckeeper command, 365
Ethernet
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet), 410–412
etiquette for IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 71
evaluation
lazy evaluation, 715
Exchange Server, 557
exclamation point (!), 237
executing. See running
expressions
comparison of expressions
regular expressions, 177
Extensible Markup Language (XML), 81
F
faillog command, 330
FDDI (fiber distributed data interface), 383–384
Feisty Fawn, 33
Fetchmail
configuration
global options, 552
installation, 551
.fetchmailrc file
global options, 552
fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), 383–384
file access time, disabling, 445
file operators
File Roller, 353
File section (xorg.conf), 47–48
file system. See also directories
directories
navigating
overview, 162
pwd command, 165
permissions. See permissions
File Transfer Protocol. See FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
.avi, 106
.bmp, 95
.flac, 88
.flv, 106
.gif, 95
.gz, 36
.jpg, 96
.ldif, 619
.mov, 106
.mp3, 88
.mpeg, 106
.ogv, 106
.pcx, 96
.pdf, 36
.png, 96
.ps, 36
.qt, 106
.raw, 88
.svg, 96
.tif, 96
.wav, 88
.webm, 106
files. See also filename extensions
comparing
diff command, 212
compressed files, 232
configure.in, 674
copying
mc command, 362
overview, 360
creating, 173
cupsd.conf, 483
deleting, 205
devices.txt, 455
displaying contents of, 177
.fetchmailrc
global options, 552
FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 540
ftphosts, 539
hosts, 395
ide.txt, 455
include files, 670
init.d., 315
initrd.img, 470
initrd.txt, 456
inittab, 315
kernel-parameters.txt, 456
LaTeX files, 82
log files
modprobe.conf file, 459
modprobe.d, 159
modules.conf, 105
named.conf.local, 666
named.conf.options, 666
object files, 670
OpenDocument, 78
PDF (Portable Document Format) files
editing, 81
peers, 549
permissions. See permissions
PostScript files, reading, 36
remote file serving via FTP
ftphosts file, 539
overview, 531
software installation, 533–534
saving from nonbooting hard drive, 368
sharing
NFS (Network File System), 474–476
online resources, 488
squid.conf, 563
sshd_config, 377
sudoers, 159
sysrq.txt, 456
testdriverc file, 706
text files, reading, 36
version control systems
for configuration files, 364–366
video files
vsftpd.banned_emails, 537
vsftpd.chroot_list, 537
vsftpd.log, 537
vsftpd.user_list, 537
xorg.conf
Module section, 48
Monitor section, 49
ServerLayout section, 47
finding
bugs, 701
current directory, 165
differences between files, 212
programs, 14
similarities between files, 212
strings, 196
Firefox
RSS feeds, 69
firewalls
iptables, 435
UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), 432–435
first-person shooter (FPS) games, 124
FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Format), 88
.flac filename extension, 88
flashplugin-installer package, 65
flat file databases, 578
flavors (Ubuntu), 3
flexbackup, 359
FlightGear, 128
FlockDB, 613
.flv filename extension, 106
ForecastFox, 64
foreground, moving jobs to, 215–216
forward slash (/), 10
FPS (first-person shooter) games, 124
FQDN (fully qualified domain name), 616
Frampton, Steve, 39
Free Lossless Audio Format (FLAC), 88
free memory, displaying, 327–328
Free Software Foundation, 29–30
Freshmeat, 359
ftphosts file, 539
online resources, 540
overview, 531
software installation, 533–534
ftphosts file, 539
full incremental backups, 347
full periodic backups, 347
fully qualified domain name (FQDN), 616
functions. See also commands; methods
CONCAT(), 585
definition of, 670
G
games
children’s games, 129
commercial games, 129
emulators, 121
FlightGear, 128
overview, 121
proprietary video drivers, installing, 122–123
Speed Dreams, 129
Steam platform, 123
SuperTux, 126
Warsow, 124
Windows games, playing, 130
gcc (GNU Compiler Collection), 669, 675–676
gdb command, 675
Gedit, 81
generating
SSH keys, 696
gforth package, 714
GHC (Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation system), 715
ghc package, 715
GIDs (group IDs), 244
.gif filename extension, 95
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), 79, 93–94
GIMP Took Kit (GTK) widget set, 79
git add command, 683
git commit command, 683
git init command, 682
git pull command, 683
git push command, 683
git remote add command, 682
git rm command, 683
Glance, 647
[global] section (smb.conf), 479
Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation system (GHC), 715
gnat package, 710
gnat-gps package, 710
GNOME
File Roller, 353
mailing lists, 41
website, 61
gnome-nettool, 339
gnome-screenshot commnd, 97
gnome-shell package, 116
gnome-terminal command, 151
GNU Ada Compiler, 710
GNU Compiler Collection (gcc), 669, 675–676
GNU Coreutils, 239
GNU General Public License (GPL), 29
GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), 79, 93–94
GNU Project, 149
Gnumeric, 79
gnupg command, 695
Go, 714
golang package, 714
golang-docs package, 714
Goobuntu, 38
BigTable, 611
MapReduce, 611
GParted, 11
gpasswd command, 247
GPG keys
uploading to Launchpad, 696–697
GPL (GNU General Public License), 29
gprof command, 675
GPT (GUID Partition Table), 314
Grand Unified Boot Loader. See GRUB2 (Grand Unified Boot Loader)
granting
PostgreSQL privileges, 594–595
system administrator privileges
overview, 257
graph stores
FlockDB, 613
Neo4j, 612
OrientDB, 612
overview, 612
graphical database clients, 600
graphical development tools
IDEs (integrated development environments), 678–680
overview, 676
SDKs (software development kits), 678–680
graphical network configuration tools, 397–399
graphical system-management tools
gnome-nettool, 339
System Monitor, 334
vncviewer, 339
wireshark, 339
graphical user interfaces. See GUIs (graphical user interfaces)
Green, Andy, 417
Groovy, 715
groovy package, 715
groovyConsole command, 715
groovysh command, 715
Group directive, 494
group IDs (GIDs), 244
groupadd command, 247
groupdel command, 247
groupmod command, 247
groups
LUGs (Linux User Groups), 39
overview, 245
groups command, 264
GRUB2 (Grand Unified Boot Loader)
checking, 235
installation, 5
restoring, 367
Grün, Christian, 610
GStreamer, 88
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly package, 88
GTK (GIMP Tool Kit) widget set, 79
GUID Partition Table (GPT), 314
GUIs (graphical user interfaces)
database access, 597
desktop environments
GNOME3 and Ubuntu GNOME, 116–117
Ubuntu Kylin, 118
Juju, 652
Mir, 44
power shortcuts, 60
Unity
X. See X
gunzip command, 232
gv client, 36
.gz filename extension, 36
gzip command, 232
H
hackers, 426
Hadoop, 611
Hamano, Junio, 682
hard disk optimization
disk usage, printing, 192
hdparm command, 443
hardware clock, setting, 24
hardware emulation, 632
hardware specifications, researching, 2
harvest, 701
Haskell, 715
haskell-platform package, 715
HBase, 611
HDLC (high-level data link control), 412
hdparm command, 443
header files, 670
headerless format, 88
Hein, Trent R., 40
help. See online resources
helping with Ubuntu development
app development, 698
Launchpad account, creating, 696
MOTUs (Masters of the Universe), 701
online resources, 702
package installation/configuration, 695–696
scope development, 698
testing and QA
online resources, 708
hg add commands, 686
hg commit command, 686
hg init command, 686
hg push command, 686
hg update command, 686
hibernating system, 11
High Performance Computing (HPC), 670
high-level data link control (HDLC), 412
Hipp, Richard, 605
history
command history, viewing, 237
of Internet, 63
of Ubuntu, 33
history.log, 330
Hoary Hedgehog, 33
Hogan, Christina J., 40
/home directory, 159
/home partition encryption, 10
home use of Ubuntu, 35
[homes] section (smb.conf), 479–480
Horde, 558
Horizon, 647
Horowitz, Eliot, 610
hosts file, 395
HP, 38
HPC (High Performance Computing), 670
.htaccess configuration files, 496–498
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 63
htop command, 327
htpasswd command, 499
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTPS (HTTP Secure), 510–512, 524–526
overview, 63
servers. See servers
Hugin, 98
Humble Indie Bundle, 129
hwclock command, 24
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), 63
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 63
I
IaaS (infrastructure as a service), 643
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), 661
de Icaza, Miguel, 717
IDE (integrated development environment), 710
identity service (OpenStack), 646
IDEs (integrated development environments), 678–680
ide.txt file, 455
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), 407
if config command, 370
IIS (Internet Information Services), 489–490
ImageMagick convert utility, 96
images
image manipulation
Adobe Photoshop, 94
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), 93–94
graphics-manipulation tools, 97–98
screen images, capturing, 97
imaging service (OpenStack), 647
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), 545
Impress, 76
include files, 670
indexes, finding files in, 200
info command, 156
information service/information technology (IS/IT), 31
infrastructure as a service (IaaS), 643
init systems
init.d file, 315
initial RAM disk image, creating, 470
initializing network hardware, 387–389
initrd command, 458
initrd.img file, 470
initrd.txt file, 456
inittab file, 315
Inkscape, 98
inline drivers, 457
input
BIOS (basic input/output system)
beep codes, 313
checking, 235
hard disk optimization, 442–443
finding strings in, 196
I/O (input/output redirection), 209–212, 275–276
InputDevice section (xorg.conf), 48–49
input/output (I/O) redirection. See I/O (input/output redirection)
inserting data into SQL databases, 583–584
insmod command, 458
installation. See also configuration
Android Studio, 725
boot loader, 5
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
DHCP server, 402
Fetchmail, 551
first updates, 13
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) software, 533–534
GRUB2 (Grand Unified Boot Loader), 235–236
installed packages, listing, 38
LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project), 627–628
on Mac hardware, 3
NFS (Network File System), 474
online resources, 27
PostgreSQL, 592
post-installation configuration
power management, 22
printers, 22
system settings, 21
preparation
32-bit versus 64-bit Ubuntu, 4–5
backups, 7
hardware specifications, researching, 2
partition strategies, planning, 5
proprietary video drivers, 122–123
SDKs (software development kits)
Ubuntu SDK, 730
software
with APT (Advanced Package Tool), 139–141
Squid, 562
step-by-step installation, 6–12
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 407
integers. See numbers
integrated development environments (IDEs), 678–680, 710
Internet
connections
common configuration information, 408
dial-up Internet access, 412–413
overview, 408
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet), 410–412
troubleshooting, 413
email clients
Alpine, 68
choosing, 66
Claws, 68
Kmail, 68
Mutt, 68
web-based email applications, 68
history of, 63
IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 70–72
ISPs (Internet service providers), 374–375, 507
online resources, 74
overview, 63
RSS readers
Firefox, 69
overview, 69
web browsers
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), 661
Internet Information Services (IIS), 489–490
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), 545
Internet Protocol. See IP (Internet Protocol)
Internet Relay Chat (IRC), 42, 70–72
Internet service providers (ISPs), 374–375, 507
interpreting shell scripts, 280–281
I/O (input/output redirection), 209–212, 275–276
overview, 374
ip command, 392
iptables, 435
IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 42, 70–72
IRCd, 72
irssi client, 70
IS/IT (information service/information technology), 31
isolation, 588
ISPs (Internet service providers), 374–375, 507
iwlist command, 405
iwpriv command, 405
iwspy command, 405
J
Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 710–711, 715
JavaScript, 716
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), 605, 716
JDeveloper, 679
Jetty, 529
JIT (just-in-time) compilation, 724
listing, 214
moving to background/foreground, 215–216
running in background, 215
jobs command, 214
.jpg filename extension, 96
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), 605, 716
Juju
GUI (graphical user interface), 652
on Mac OS X and Windows, 653
Mojo, 653
overview, 647
Quickstart, 653
juju, 655
just-in-time (JIT) compilation, 724
JVM (Java Virtual Machine), 710–711, 715
K
KDE
mailing lists, 41
monitoring tools, 339
Kdenlive, 108
kdf, 339
keep-one-running command, 691
for Android, 724
compiling
errors, 471
initial RAM disk image, creating, 470
kernel hackers, 456
kernel numbering system, 30
kernel ring buffer, 239
online resources, 472
source
obtaining, 462
kernel hackers, 456
kernel ring buffer, 239
Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), 633–637
kernel-parameters.txt file, 456
kern.log, 330
key buffer usage (PKI), 573
KeyPassX, 12
keys
GPG keys
uploading to Launchpad, 696–697
key buffer usage, measuring, 448–449
key/value stores
Cassandra, 607
overview, 606
Redis, 608
Riak, 608
SSH keys
generating, 696
key-based logins, enabling, 419–420
uploading to Launchpad, 697
Keystone, 646
Kile, 82
Kmail, 68
Kmov filename extension, 106
KOffice, 80
Komarinski, Mark F., 39
Kontact, 80
Kqt filename extension, 106
ksysguard, 339
#kubuntu channel, 42
kubuntu-desktop package, 113–114
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), 633–637
Kwebm filename extension, 106
KWord, 80