1. The Greek City-State: Democratic Institutions in Athens
2. Plato (427–347 BCE): Justice and Reason
3. Aristotle (384–322 BCE): Moral Action and the Best Constitution
4. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas: Christian Political Thought in the Middle Ages
5. Machiavelli (1469–1527): Humanism and Republicanism
6. Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679): Contract as the Basis of Political Obligation
7. John Locke (1632–1704): Theological Premises and Liberal Limits on Government
8. Rousseau (1712–1778): The General Will and Moral and Political Liberty
9. Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832): Representative Government as the Maximizer of Utility
10. John Stuart Mill (1806–1873): The Benefits of the Liberty of Men and Women for Society
11. G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831): The Social Conditions for a Non-Contractual Theory of Freedom
12. Karl Marx (1818–1883): The State and Class Struggle
13. Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937): Hegemony in Civil Society as a Basis of the Modern State
14. John Rawls (1921–2002): A Liberal Egalitarian Theory of Justice
15. Carole Pateman, Martha C. Nussbaum, Judith Butler: Contemporary Feminist Theory
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