Chapter 1
1. Rutherford (2018). Case based on interviews with Linda Rutherford and documents provided by Southwest Airlines (personal communications, September, 2018 and October, 2018).
2. https://www.swamedia.com/releases/release-de080387b716f7f68a21d1f86491d2a4-initial-statement-southwest-airlines-flight-1380
Chapter 2
1. Grunig and Hunt (1984, p. 4). Emphasis in original.
2. Heath and Bowen (2002).
3. Zerfass et al. (2018, p. 46).
4. Grunig, Grunig, and Dozier (2002, p. 2).
5. Public Relations Society of America (2018).
6. Bowen et al. (2006).
7. Frandsen and Johansen (2017, p. 1).
8. Zerfass et al. (2011).
9. Pritchard and Smith (2015); Men and Bowen (2017).
Chapter 3
1. Bowen (2016a).
2. Grunig and Hunt (1984).
3. Cutlip (1995).
4. Grunig and Hunt (1984, p. 28).
5. Grunig and Hunt (1984, p. 29).
6. Grunig and Hunt (1984, p. 32).
7. Hiebert (1966, p. 54).
8. Grunig and Hunt (1984).
9. Grunig (2001).
10. Hutton (1999).
11. Bowen (2010a).
12. Pritchard and Smith (2015).
13. Stacks and Bowen (2013).
14. DiStaso, Michaelson, and Gilfeather (2018).
15. Men and Bowen (2017).
Chapter 4
1. Cutlip, Center, and Broom (2006).
2. Bowen and Erzikova (2013).
3. Commission on Public Relations Education (2017).
4. Bowen (2006).
5. Dozier and Broom (1995, pp. 3–26).
6. Grunig, Grunig, and Dozier (2002).
7. Bolton, Stacks, and Mizrachi (2018).
8. Berger and Reber (2006); Harrison and Mülhberg (2014).
9. Bowen et al. (2006).
10. Bowen (2009c).
11. Bowen (2009c).
12. Harrison and Mülhberg (2014); Bowen (2009c).
13. Bowen et al. (2006).
14. Bowen (2003) and Bowen (2009a).
15. Men and Bowen (2017).
16. Arthur W. Page Society (2007, pp. 29–30).
17. Bowen (2015b).
18. Harrison and Mülhberg (2014).
19. Bowen, Hardage, and Strong (2018).
Chapter 5
1. Grunig (1992).
2. Duhaime, Stimpert, and Chesley (2012, p. 1).
3. Hambrick (1981, pp. 253–76).
4. Saunders (1981, pp. 431–42).
5. Bowen (2004b).
6. Sims and Brinkman (2003).
7. Grunig (1992b, p. 469).
8. Bowen (2015a).
9. Bowen, Hardage, and Strong (2018).
10. Sriramesh, Grunig, and Buffington (1992, pp. 577–96).
11. Weick (1969).
12. Robbins (1990).
13. Argenti (2007).
14. Mintzberg (1980, pp. 322–41).
Chapter 6
1. Griffin (2008).
2. Robbins (1990).
3. Katz and Kahn (1966).
4. Pfeffer and Salancik (1978, p. 11).
5. Cutlip, Center, and Broom (2006), p. 181).
6. Robbins (1990, p. 62).
7. Robbins (1990).
8. Grunig, Grunig, and Ehling (1992, p. 68).
9. Pfeffer and Salancik (1978, p. 15).
10. Grunig, Grunig, and Ehling (1992, p. 72).
11. Carroll (1996).
12. Mitchell, Agle, and Wood (1997, pp. 853–86).
13. Ferguson (1984); Ledingham and Bruning (1998); Hon and Grunig (1999); Huang (2001).
14. Bowen (2006).
15. Bowen, Hung-Baesecke, and Chen (2016).
16. Hon and Grunig (1999).
17. Huang (2001).
Chapter 7
1. Winn (2001, pp. 133–66).
2. Freeman (1984).
3. Grunig and Repper (1992, p. 128).
4. Dewey (1927).
5. Grunig and Hunt (1984). Grunig and Hunt developed the model based on the work of Thayer (1968); Esman (1972); Evan (1976); Parsons (1976).
6. Luoma-aho and Vos (2010).
7. Matta-Barrera and Nofziger (2013).
8. Mitchell, Agle, and Wood (1997).
9. Mitchell, Agle, and Wood (1997).
10. Boesso and Kumar (2009).
11. Grunig (2005).
12. Kim and Grunig (2011).
13. Wilson (2005).
Chapter 8
1. Bowen (2009a, pp. 402–410).
2. Stacks (2002).
3. Stacks and Bowen (2013).
4. Michaelson and Stacks (2017).
5. Michaelson and Stacks (2017).
6. Yin (1994).
7. Miles and Huberman (1994).
8. Tashakkori and Teddlie (1998).
9. Stacks (2016); Michaelson and Stacks (2017).
10. Bowen (2013); Bowen (2012) .
11. DiStaso and Bortree (2014); Bowen and Stacks (2013).
12. The Conclave on Social Media Measurement Standards (2013).
13. Ji and Stacks (In press).
14. Weiner and Kochhar (2016).
15. Bowen (2018c).
16. Stacks (2016); Michaelson and Stacks (2017).
Chapter 9
1. Marston (1979).
2. Lindenmann (2003).
3. Lindenmann (2003).
4. Paine (2007).
5. Stacks and Michaelson (2017).
Chapter 10
1. Heath (1997, p. 44).
2. Grunig and Repper (1992).
3. Bowen (2006).
4. Heath (1997, p. 149).
5. Heath (1997, p. 149); Bowen, Hung-Baesecke, and Chen (2016).
6. Heath (1997, p. ix).
7. Chase (1984); Renfro (1993); Buchholz, Evans, and Wagley (1994).
8. Heath (1997, p. 100).
9. Grunig, Grunig, and Ehling (1992, p. 67).
10. Bowen and Rawlins (2005); Bowen and Heath (2006).
11. PR Council (2018).
12. Heath (1997, p. 45).
13. Lerbinger (2006).
14. Heath and Palenchar (2008).
15. Gass and Seiter (2009, p. 160).
16. Murphy and Dee (1992, pp. 3–20).
17. Grunig (1992a, p. 523).
18. Cloud Foundation (2018).
19. Eckhoff (2018).
20. Personal interviews October 18 and 19, 2018; Cloud Foundation (2018).
Chapter 11
1. Edelman (2018).
2. Singer (1994, p. 3).
3. Goodpaster (2007).
4. Luhmann (1984).
5. Bowen et al. (2006).
6. See Bowen et al. (2006); Bowen (2008, pp. 271–96).
7. Goodpaster (2007); Sims and Brinkman (2003, pp. 243–56).
8. Bowen (2018a).
9. Sims and Brinkman (2003).
10. Bowen and Heath (2005).
11. Leeper (1996, pp. 163–79).
12. Bowen (2010b).
13. Bowen (2002); Sims and Brinkman (2003).
14. Bowen (2004b, pp. 311–24); Goodpaster (2007).
15. Bowen (2018b).
16. Bowen (2015a).
17. Men and Bowen (2017).
18. Ryan and Martinson (1983).
19. Bowen (2006, pp. 330–52).
20. Bowen (2009c).
21. De George (1999, p. 57).
22. Elliott (2007, pp. 100–112).
23. Christians (2008, p. 33).
24. Ross (2002).
25. Baron (1995).
26. Kant (1785/1964, p. 88).
27. Bowen (2004a), p. 73.
28. Kant (1963, p. 18).
29. Paton (1967).
30. Bowen (2002); Bowen and Prescott (2015).
31. Case based on interviews with Home Depot’s Brad Shaw (personal communication, September 2009); Interviews with Home Depot’s Stephen Holmes (personal communication, October 2018).
32. Interviews with Brad Shaw (personal communication, September 2009).
33. Menear (2017).
34. Interviews with Stephen Holmes (personal communication, October 2018).
35. Interviews with Stephen Holmes (personal communication, October 2018).
36. Rossolillo (2018).
Chapter 12
1. Robbins (1990, p. 77).
2. Vercic, Grunig, and Grunig (1996, pp. 37–40).
3. Vercic, Grunig, and Grunig (1996, p. 58); Bowen (2000).
4. Vercic, Grunig, and Grunig (1996, p. 58).
5. Vercic, Grunig, and Grunig (1996, p. 58).
6. Bowen (2004a, pp. 65–92).
7. Bowen (2004b, pp. 311–24).
8. Bowen (2005, pp. 191–216).
9. Dozier, Grunig, and Grunig (1995).
10. Bowen (2016b); Bowen, Hung-Baesecke, Chen (2016).
11. Ferguson (1984, 2018); Ledingham and Bruning (1998); Ledingham and Bruning (2000); Ledingham (2003).
12. Grunig and Hon (1999); Grunig and Huang (2000).
13. Bowen, Hung-Baesecke, Chen (2016).
14. Men and Bowen (2017).
15. Bowen (2015a).
16. Case based on Entergy company documents and interviews with Art Wiese (personal communication, 2009). Information also based on Entergy’s (2005) corporate Web site, http://www.entergy.com
17. IEStormNet Update (2006).
18. Entergy (2005).
19. Case based on classroom lecture and interviews with Kenneth Sternad (personal communication, March 30, 2009; September 2009). Information also based on United Parcel Service website (2009).